污水泵的研究现状与进展

研究固液两相流体在离心泵内的运动规律、完善其设计理论和设计方法一直是设计人员十分重视的课题。针对污水泵的研究情况,分别从污水泵理论研究、内特性研究、外特性研究、水力设计等几个方面对污水泵的研究现状进行了较为详细的阐述,指出加强泵内外特性研究、探求流动机理、开发适合水泵设计的专业化软件用于泵产品的计算机集成制造(CIMS),将是泵行业发展的重要方向。     

干热河谷植被恢复研究进展与展望

干热河谷因自然环境条件恶劣而成为我国生态建设的难点,且一直是生态恢复的热点区域.本文从干热河谷的气候、植被等自然环境特点、植被恢复历史、恢复目标、植被种类筛选、恢复技术、人工植被生态评价等方面概括总结了干热河谷植被恢复研究的进展与现状,并对存在的一些问题进行评述,提出未来研究应予重视或优先研究的方向.     

紫檀属树种在我国的引种概况及发展前景

对我国引种栽培的紫檀属树种进行了系统调查，结果表明：我国已引入紫檀属8个树种，其中有6个种生长比较好，能正常开花结实。紫檀属树种引种于我国热带、南亚热带地区的红壤、砖红壤、沿海冲积土和沙壤上，大多数表现出较强的适应性，生长良好，能耐0℃以上的短暂低温，抗10级以下台风；而且生长迅速，在良好栽培条件下，中幼龄林木年均胸径生长量可达2cm以上。紫檀属树种开始形成心材的年龄因树种而异，檀香紫檀、印度紫檀为15～20年，古巴紫檀为7年，马拉巴紫檀为4年。紫檀属树种作为特类珍贵用材树种和园林绿化树种，在我国具有广阔的发展前景，建议各级政府立项开展种质资源的系统引进以及相关研究与推广工作。     

Farmers' perspectives of rodent damage and management from the highlands of Tigray,Northern Ethiopian

A farmers' knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) survey was conducted in the highlands of Tigray, northern Ethiopia, to better understand rodent damage and rodent management from the farmers' perspective. Farmers (n = 191) from Dogu'a Temben district, were interviewed using a semi-structured questionnaire. The large majority of the farmers stated that rodents are the main pests in crop fields (92.1%) and storage (88.5%). The farmers (64.2%) reported they experienced 100–500 kg ha⁻¹ damage in crop fields, which is equivalent to 8.9–44.7% loss in annual production. There was some overlap between the most common crops grown in the highlands and the most common crops susceptible to rodent attack. Farmers identified barley as the crop most susceptible to rodent attack (76.4%) and the booting stage as the crop developmental stage with the highest rodent abundance and damage. Rodenticide application was the most commonly practiced management strategy in crop fields (51.8%); in storage, farmers mainly keep domestic cats around granaries (80.6%). We recommend a reduction in reliance on chemical rodenticide in crop fields and a shift to a more sustainable rodent management approach to reduce rodent numbers and damage.     

Demand for non-timber forest products: Surveys of urban consumers and sellers in Switzerland

In recent years, worldwide socioeconomic, ecological, and cultural changes have led to a paradigm shift in forestry and forest management. Some years ago, most forest enterprises exclusively focused on wood production, whereas today, forest management is expected to be multifunctional and economically as well as socially and ecologically sustainable [Harrison, S., Herbohn, J., Niskanen, A., 2002. Non-industrial, smallholder, small-scale and family forestry: what's in a name? Small-scale Forest Economics. Management and Policy 1 (1), 1–11; Schmithuesen, F., 2004. Forest policy developments in changing societies — political trends and challenges to research. Towards the sustainable use of Europe's forests: Forest ecosystems and landscape research: Joensuu: European Forest Institute, Proc., vol. 49, pp. 87–99]. In this context, non-timber forest products (NTFPs) such as forest honey, mushrooms, or berries could gain importance as an additional source of income for the forestry sector. To assess the market potential of NTFPs in Switzerland, two corresponding surveys were conducted. A consumer survey (N = 897) conducted in six cities in Switzerland investigated the purchase of Swiss NTFPs, consumer preferences, and demand potentials. An additional survey of sellers of NTFPs (N = 105) looked at these aspects from a complementary perspective. The results showed that there is a high esteem and considerable demand potential for such products among urban consumers. Food products were mentioned most frequently. Both consumers and sellers considered quality and environmental friendliness the most important attributes of NTFPs. Structural and organizational innovations and considerable marketing efforts and sales promotion would be required to expand the market for Swiss NTFP, however. Our results indicate that certification of the products' origin, environmental performance, and quality could support such efforts and that recreational and ecological forest services have a synergetic potential for the marketing of NTFPs.     

重庆市2000年红苕生产发展前景和对策研究

本文在分析重庆市红苕生产现状及存在的主要问题的基础上,对2000年红苕生产发展前景进行了预测,提出了达到预测指标的途径和措施。     

公共消费的理论创新与政策选择

公共消费包括政府自身消费和社会性消费,以公共风险为逻辑基础,并兼具经济和社会双重属性,既有利于维护经济稳定平衡,是可持续发展的基础;又有利于促进社会公平正义,是国民素质和社会文明程度提高的保障。目前理论界对公共消费问题的探讨大多基于经济视角,基于经济与社会双重视角审视公共消费理论,应树立“消费者主权”意识,明确我国公共消费政策方向。     

重庆市2000年大豆生产发展前景和对策

本文对重庆市1990、1995、2000年大豆的需求、生产及为了满足消费需求所应采取的主要措施进行了研究。     

区域水资源承载力研究理论与方法

水资源是基础性的自然资源和战略性的经济资源,成为可持续发展的限制性因素,研究水资源承载力可以为推动社会、经济、生态环境全面协调可持续发展起到重要作用。本文对目前水资源承载力的概念、研究理论、方法和进展进行了全面的阐述,并提出了水资源承载力研究中存在的问题,指出了今后研究发展方向,为水资源承载力的进一步深人研究提供参考。     

The role of green spaces and their management in a child-friendly urban village

Environmental child-friendliness is affected by how built environments and green spaces are planned and designed, but also by their ongoing management, including both development and maintenance. This study examined children’s perspectives on their local environments with focus on green spaces and their management in an urban village. Five groups totalling 16 children aged 10–11 were interviewed through child-led walks. Both the qualities of the village as a whole and of specific places within it added to the child-friendliness of the local environment. The children showed planned and managed spaces including playgrounds and parks, and unmanaged places such as abandoned gardens. They found many qualities in multifunctional planned places with a varied, rich content. In unmanaged areas the lack of management was seen as positive for exploration, play possibilities and for the place to be children’s own. The findings suggest that children’s perspectives can play an important role not only in planning and design, but also in the ongoing process of landscape management, including the provision of more variation in local green spaces.