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1.
新型缓控释增效肥研究进展和发展前景   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
传统肥料面临着利用率低、产能过剩等问题,新型缓控释肥通过新型包膜材料或者纳米技术,实现养分释放速度的可控性;通过添加信号物质,实现植物和化肥的互动,将植物养分需求规律作为主导因素,实现肥料的按需供给,达到减少化肥用量,提高肥料利用效率的目的。从定义、研发背景、分类及发展趋势等方面介绍了新型缓控释肥的研究进展,并对其未来发展进行了展望。  相似文献   
2.
Outbreaks of diseases pose a major threat to sustainable aquaculture development worldwide. Application of herbal products to combat parasitic diseases provides an alternative approach for sustainable aquaculture. This study investigated the in vitro antiparasitic effects of an oil‐in‐water nanoemulsion prepared using the essential oil from Pterodon emarginatus, against monogeneans infesting Colossoma macropomum. Gill arches from C. macropomum (47.6 ± 14.5 g and 13.5 ± 1.4 cm) that were naturally parasitized by Anacanthorus spathulatus, Notozothecium janauachensis and Mymarothecium boegeri were immersed in different dispersions of the P. emarginatus nanoemulsions (0, 50, 100, 200, 400 and 600 mg/L). The major compounds presented in the essential oil of P. emarginatus were β‐elemene, β‐caryophyllene and α‐humulene. Characterization of these nanoemulsions showed that they have a small mean droplet size and low polydispersity index, which is concordant with stable systems. In this in vitro trial, the P. emarginatus nanoemulsion concentrations of 100, 200, 400 and 600 mg/L presented 100% helminthic efficacy against monogeneans of the gills of C. macropomum. The highest two concentrations used (400 and 600 mg/L) were seen to immobilize the parasites after only 15 min. Therefore, it would be worthwhile testing these concentrations in therapeutic baths against monogeneans of C. macropomum.  相似文献   
3.
Marine-derived substances are known for their beneficial influences on aquatic animals’ performances and are recommended to improve intestinal health, immunity, and anti-oxidative status. The present study investigates the role of chitosan nanoparticles on the intestinal histo-morphometrical features in association with the health and immune response of Grey Mullet (Liza ramada). Chitosan nanoparticles are included in the diets at 0, 0.5, 1, and 2 g/kg and introduced to fish in a successive feeding trial for eight weeks. The final body weight (FBW), weight gain (WG), and specific growth rate (SGR) parameters are significantly increased while feed conversion ratio (FCR) decreases by chitosan nanoparticles compared to the control (p < 0.05). The morphometric analysis of the intestines reveals a significant improvement in villus height, villus width, and the number of goblet cells in chitosan-treated groups in a dose-dependent manner. Additionally, there is a positive correlation between the thickness of the enterocyte brush border and the chitosan dose, referring to an increasing absorptive activity. Histologically, the intestinal wall of Grey Mullet consists of four layers; mucosa, sub-mucosa, tunica muscularis (muscular layers), and serosa. The histological examination of the L. ramada intestine shows a normal histo-morphology. The epithelial layer of intestinal mucosa is thrown into elongated finger-like projections, the intestinal villi. The values of hemoglobin, hematocrit, red blood cells (RBCs), total protein (TP), albumin, and globulin are significantly increased in fish fed 1, and 2 g/kg of chitosan nanoparticles compared to fish fed 0 and 0.5 g/kg (p < 0.05). The highest levels of TP and albumin are observed in fish fed 1 g/kg diet (p < 0.05). The lysozyme activity and phagocytic index are significantly enhanced by feeding chitosan nanoparticles at 0.5, 1, and 2 g/kg, whereas the phagocytic activity is improved in fish fed 1 and 2 g/kg (p < 0.05). The highest lysozyme activity and phagocytic index are observed in fish fed 1 g/kg. SOD is significantly activated by feeding chitosan nanoparticles at 1 g/kg. Simultaneously, glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and catalase (CAT) activities also are enhanced by feeding chitosan at 1 and 2 g/kg, compared to fish fed 0 and 0.5 g/kg (p < 0.05). The highest GPx and CAT activities are observed in fish fed 1 g/kg (p < 0.05). Conversely, the malondialdehyde (MDA) levels are decreased by feeding chitosan at 1 and 2 g/kg, with the lowest being in fish fed 1 g/kg (p < 0.05). To summarize, the results elucidate that L. ramada fed dietary chitosan nanoparticles have a marked growth rate, immune response, and anti-oxidative response. These improvements are attributed to the potential role of chitosan nanoparticles in enhancing intestinal histo-morphometry and intestinal health. These results soundly support the possibility of using chitosan nanoparticles at 1–2 g/kg as a feasible functional supplement for aquatic animals.  相似文献   
4.
纳米农药的研究进展   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
纳米技术在农药研究中的运用,显著提高了农药的药效和使用安全性,且降低了对环境的污染。纳米技术为农药的研制提供了新机遇,具有广阔的应用前景。系统介绍了纳米农药的种类及其特点,综述纳米农药的研究进展,并展望了纳米农药今后的发展方向。  相似文献   
5.
纳米技术中的磁性分离技术因其具有操作简便、高效快速等特点,目前已被广泛地应用于生物医学的快速分离纯化和检测等领域中.近年来,食品安全的磁分离快速检测技术发展迅速.介绍了磁分离技术在食品安全快速检测方面的应用研究现状,主要包括快速分离、富集和快速检测的应用研究.  相似文献   
6.
纳米材料在汽车尾气机外净化中的应用研究   总被引:3,自引:1,他引:2  
孙凤英  石惠 《森林工程》2008,24(4):48-49
净化汽车尾气的主要措施有机内净化和机外净化两大途径。本文针对汽车尾气的机外净化方法,对纳米材料及技术在汽车尾气净化中的应用进行研究,并对纳米技术在环境保护和治理方面的发展前景进行展望。  相似文献   
7.
20世纪80年代开始研究的纳米技术在90年代获得了突破性进展,它给许多行业带来巨大变化,它对生物医学的渗透与影响是显而易见的。利用纳米技术可将生物降解性和生物相容性的聚合物与药物一起制成纳米药物,作为靶向药物制剂,直接导入病灶部位的器官、组织甚至细胞,达到提高药物疗效,降低毒性的作用;将纳米材料作为药物载体,可增加某些药物的胃肠吸收,提高其生物利用度;将纳米材料作为载体,可用于基因的输送和治疗。文章就纳米技术在生物医学中的研究进展做一综述。  相似文献   
8.
This study aimed to characterize the hydroethanolic extract of red propolis (HERP) and nanoparticles containing HERP for using as an additive in the culture medium of isolated ovine preantral follicles. HERP was characterized by high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and determination of flavonoid content, and the nanoparticles by the mean particle diameter, polydispersity index (PI) and encapsulation efficiency (EE). The effect of HERP (10 and 20 ηg/ml—HERP10 and HERP20 groups) and nanoparticles (NP10 and NP20 groups) on isolated secondary follicles cultured in vitro for 12 days was observed by morphological evaluation, oxidative stress markers (reactive oxygen species—ROS and glutathione—GSH) and active mitochondria. HPLC showed formononetin as the major compound in the HERP (63.92 ± 0.21 μg/mL). The content of flavonoids ranged from 2.14% to 11.00%. The nanoparticles showed mean diameter of 287.5 ± 3.9 and 479 ± 18.1 ηm; PI of 0.117 ± 0.018 and 0.316 ± 0.039; and EE of 67.15% and 41%, respectively, for the NP10 and NP20 groups. After 12 days of culture, HERP20 and NP20 increased (p < 0.05) the percentage of normal follicles compared to NP10. HERP20 showed significantly higher percentages of antrum formation than control medium (MEM) and NP10 (p < 0.05). HERP20 also showed an increase (p < 0.05) in mitochondrial activity compared to the other treatments, except NP20 (p > 0.05), and increased GSH levels (p < 0.05) compared to MEM and HERP10. In conclusion, use of HERP (20 ηg/ml) on in vitro culture of isolated ovine preantral follicles can increase antrum formation, mitochondrial activity and GSH levels.  相似文献   
9.
纳米技术是在纳米尺度基础上研究物质的特性及相互作用,纳米为毫微米,既十亿分之一 米,利用纳米特性可解决实际生产中的多种问题。纳米技术在水产养殖工程中应用正处于初级阶段, 和发达国家还存在明显差异,故文章对纳米技术在水产养殖工程中的应用详细分析,旨在为实际水产 养殖开展提供理论参考。  相似文献   
10.
Calcium in conventional lime (CL) moves downward extremely slowly into the soil in the short term. To monitor the effects of using nanoparticulate lime (NL) in low affordable doses and in large doses on accelerating the downward movement of Ca in a simulated plough layer profile (0–25 cm), we ran a column leaching experiment with an acid soil with NL applied into the top 5 cm. The experiment evaluated a reference treatment (0 NL), three low doses of NL (8, 40 and 80 kg ha?1 = 0.02×, 0.1×, and 0.2× the NL needed to raise soil pH to 6.0 in the top 5 cm: NLRpH‐6), and two large doses (400 and 800 kg ha?1 = 1× and 2× NLRpH‐6). Over the short term (70 days), NL accelerated the downward movement of Ca, likely by mass flow of nanoparticles down soil micro‐ and macropores. Applying NL to the top 5 cm at 40 and 80 kg ha?1 was effective at increasing the downward movement of Ca and the neutralization of soil acidity (in terms of pH) to 20 cm depth, as well as rectifying Al toxicity (in terms of exchangeable Al) to ≤ the critical limit to 10 cm. NL at 80 kg ha?1 was most economically justified in terms of rectifying Al toxicity throughout the profile. Therefore, NL may introduce new and alternative application strategy that allowing lower rates of lime to be used and thereby offset economic constraints posed by high application rates.  相似文献   
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