Narbon Vetch (Vicia narbonensis L.): A Potential Feed Legume Crop for Dry Areas in West Asia

Provision of feed supplies for the rapidly growing livestock population is essential in West Asia. Shortages can be alleviated by growing forage crops in the existing fallow lands.
Narbon vetch (Vicia narbonensis L.) is a leguminous species with high yield potential, drought tolerance and cold resistance. It could be used for grain and straw production as source for animal feed in dry areas. It is good source of protein with seeds contain 28 % protein yielding 364 kg per hectare protein, whilst straw contains 9 % protein and yields a similar amounts of digestible protein per hectare.
Nine promising lines of Narbon vetch developed at ICARDA were tested at two sites over four years under rainfed conditions. Since climatic conditions were considered to be of considerable importance, each site in each year was treated as a separate environment to give eight environments with annual rainfall varied from 195 to 504 mm.
Narbon vetch possessed high seedling vigour with rapid winter growth and negligible cold damage. Grain yield varied form 0.47 to 1.90 t/ha, with a harvest index varying from 30 to 40 %. The data indicated that below 300 mm rainfall the grain yield varied from 0.47 t/ha when rain fall was 195 mm to 1.4 t/ha when rainfall was 245 mm. Most of the lines had wide adaptation to dry areas in terms of both grain yield and stability. Climate, except early spring rains had little effect on biological and grain yields.     

Yield Stability of Winter Wheat (Triticum sp.) Cultivars and Lines

The purpose of this study was to compare responsiveness to environment as well as the stability of newly developed promising lines with traditional commercial cultivars. Subject research was conducted in Ankara between 1983-1989 on common and durum wheat cultivars and lines. Regression coefficient (b) was used as the criterion of genotypes' responsiveness to environment whereas deviation from regression (S²d) and coefficient of determination (r²) were used as stability parameters. Each experiment year was regarded as an environment and yield average of each year was used as the environmental index.
In consequence of the research, it was determined that new varieties with high yield, adaptable to diverse environments could be developed by means of hybridizations between parents having different genetic characteristics which were provided from diverse ecological regions.     

中国农业应对气候变化关键技术研究进展及发展方向

应对频发的极端天气气候灾害,是全球和中国农业可持续发展研究中的重要议题。中国农业在应对气候变化中采取了积极政策和科学措施,在保障粮食九连增和国民经济持续高速发展方面做出了重要贡献。本文通过对气候变化在中国农业影响事实进行了具体分析,对“十一五”期间国家科技支撑计划农业领域等有关项目在适应和减缓气候变化方面的主要研究进展和成果进行了总结和分析。结果表明,气候变化对农业发展带来机遇与挑战并存,中国研制和推行的减缓和适应气候变化关键技术发挥了不同程度的作用,并相继建立了气候变化对中国农业影响评估模型和方法,指明了今后中国农业应对气候变化科技发展的方向。     

中国北方霞多丽酿酒葡萄生态适应性区划研究

在分析中国北方376个气象台站连续30年气象资料的基础上,借鉴国内外霞多丽酿酒葡萄区划成果,针对中国北方霞多丽酿酒葡萄的生长习性与环境条件的关系,提出中国北方霞多丽酿酒葡萄优质生态区区划方法及指标,运用GIS技术,按可种植区划分制作霞多丽优质生态区区划图;通过分析研究气候适应性,并对我国北方霞多丽酿酒葡萄种植和生态分布进行精细化区划。研究表明,霞多丽酿酒葡萄适宜在新疆北部和东部、内蒙古中部、甘肃中南部、宁夏中北大部、山西北部等干旱少雨、热量条件好且有灌溉条件的地区生长,这些地区应大力发展酿酒葡萄产业。     

瓶鼻海豚和糙齿海豚血清转铁蛋白的初步研究

血清转铁蛋白(serum transferrin,Tf)是一种非血红素结合铁的β球蛋白[1],其主要功能是负责机体中的Fe3 在吸收、储存和利用部位间的传递[2],供合成红细胞的主要成分—血红蛋白(结合和输送氧气的蛋白)和维持核糖核苷酸还原酶(ribonudeotide reductase)的活性[3]。同时,Tf是脊椎     

宽幅条播和种植密度对燕麦抗倒伏性及产量的影响

为明确宽幅条播对燕麦抗倒伏性和产量的调节作用及其适宜种植密度,于2019-2020年,通过裂区试验,设置2种播种方式(宽幅条播和常规条播)和三个种植密度水平[300×104株·hm-2 (D1)、450×104株·hm-2(D2)、600×104株·hm-2 (D3)],分析了播种方式与种植密度对燕麦植株抗倒伏性和籽粒...     

烟草田间起垄机作业适应性研究

对开沟式和盒式的1WG-6.3型自走式小型起垄机进行田间试验,并对其作业效益、作业效率及作业效果等指标进行测量及性能分析对比。结果表明:盒式起垄机每公顷平均油耗较低,作业效率较高,稳定性好,起垄效果较好,能满足烤烟种植起垄效果的农艺要求;开沟式起垄机能满足烤烟种植垄底宽、垄高的农艺要求,但不能满足烤烟种植垄基宽的农艺要求,且每公顷平均油耗较高,作业效率较低,稳定性较差,垄形一般。因此,盒式起垄机更能适应烟草田间起垄作业。     

驾驶员的视觉特性对道路交通安全的影响研究

为了更好地提高道路交通安全管理水平、减少交通事故,本文对关系驾驶员安全行车的视觉特性如视力、视野、立体视觉、色视觉、视觉适应等因素结合交通事故统计资料进行了分析,阐述了驾驶员的视觉特性对道路交通安全的影响。     

驾车接近隧道过程中驾驶员的适应亮度变化规律

在驾车接近隧道过程中,驾驶员的适应亮度随视野内景物的变化而变化。基于驾驶员视觉适应进行隧道照明设计需要掌握驾驶员在接近隧道过程中适应亮度的变化规律,为此,以4座隧道为测试对象,对驾驶员在不同时段驾车接近隧道过程中距隧道一个停车视距内不同位置处的适应亮度进行了实测研究。结果发现,驾驶员在不同测试时段接近同一隧道过程中,其适应亮度变化规律基本相似;驾驶员在接近隧道的过程中,适应亮度逐渐降低,但其适应亮度的降低不是线性的,从驾驶员距隧道洞口20~30 m开始,适应亮度下降的速率变大。