基于SLAF-seq技术鉴定苹果砧木耐涝候选基因

【背景】苹果（Malus×domestica Borkh）是我国主要栽培果树树种之一,但部分苹果产区由于夏、秋季的大量集中降雨和排水不良等造成果园涝害频繁发生,导致苹果树叶片黄化、脱落,果实品质和产量下降。【目的】鉴定苹果耐涝相关基因,为苹果耐涝分子标记辅助育种和优质高产栽培提供依据。【方法】以耐涝苹果砧木G41和不耐涝苹果砧木新疆野苹果（M. sieverii (Ledeb) Roem.）及其构建的包含495个F₁杂交后代为材料,从F₁杂交群体中挑选出耐涝和不耐涝株系各50株,构建两个极端性状DNA混池,采用简化基因组测序（SLAF-seq）技术,开发SLAF标签和SNP标记,结合苹果基因组信息和遗传关联性分析,对苹果耐涝基因进行定位及候选基因预测,并对候选基因在耐涝差异的株系中进行淹水胁迫下的表达分析。【结果】以‘金冠’苹果为参考基因组,共开发119 072个SLAF标签,其中多态性SLAF有11 133个。通过序列分析和检测SNP位点,共获得6 237 071个SNP,其中高质量SNP有170 617个。通过ED和SNP-index方法关联分析,获得一个与耐涝性状紧密关联的候选区域,位于苹果第10号染色体1.94—3.25 Mb,关联区域大小为1.31 Mb,关联区域内包含120个基因。对该区域内基因进行功能注释,发现一个与呼吸代谢相关的基因—乙醇脱氢酶基因ADH1（MD10G1014500）,在淹水处理后1、2、4和6 d,该基因在耐涝植株中的表达量显著高于不耐涝植株。【结论】将苹果耐涝基因定位于第10号染色体1.94—3.25 Mb处,筛选到可能与苹果耐涝相关的候选基因MD10G1014500,可用于苹果耐涝基因的克隆和功能解析。     

耐低温耐低氧萌发野败不育系赣野A的选育

赣野A是江西省农科院水稻研究所将东乡野生稻的耐冷性和耐低氧萌发能力导入抗稻瘟病保持系赣香B后再与赣香A测交和回交育成的野败型三系籼稻不育系。该不育系败育彻底,异交结实率高,配合力较强,具有较强的耐冷性和耐低氧萌发能力,在直播杂交稻育种中应用前景广阔。2019年通过了江西省品种审定。     

Advances on Response and Resistance to Heavy Metal Stress in Cotton

In China, the risk of cotton production on arable land contaminated with heavy metals has increased in recent years. Compared with other major crops, cotton shows stronger and widespread resistance to abiotic stresses such as heavy metals. As the main product of cotton is non-edible fibers, and cotton possesses a set of sophisticated stress-resistance strategies, cotton is an ideal crop for use in phytoremediation of soil contaminated by heavy metals. We present a global review of recent literature on the toxic effects of five heavy metals (cadmium, chromium, lead, arsenic, and mercury) at present in China and their effects on cotton, as well as summarize recent studies on the mechanisms of avoidance and avoidance both. We aim to provide insights into understanding the mechanisms of resistance to heavy metal stress in cottonunderstanding the relationship between cotton and heavy metal stress.     

栽培中赤霉酸处理对葡萄品质和耐藏力的影响

通过对比试验研究了栽培中不同赤霉酸(GA3)处理次数对葡萄品质和耐藏力的影响。结果表明:随着赤霉酸处理次数的增多,葡萄的果梗直径、果形指数、单果粒质量、脱粒率、脱粒指数、空腔率、空腔直径、褐变率和腐烂率升高,果刷长度、可溶性固形物含量和VC含量降低,且外观色泽变淡。综合考虑栽培中赤霉酸处理对葡萄品质和耐藏力的影响,建议用10 mg/kg赤霉酸花前10 d处理1次或花前10 d和花后10 d各处理1次来提高葡萄的单果粒质量,保持果实较低的褐变率和腐烂率。     

Performance of Some Wheat Cultivars Under Saline Irrigation Water in Field Conditions

Most of the crop salt tolerance studies are often conducted in a glasshouse and are limited under field conditions. Therefore, the present research study was conducted under field conditions to evaluate the performance of six wheat cultivars at five salinity levels (EC 0, 3, 6, 9, and 12 dS m^?1) in split plot design with three replications. Increasing salinity significantly increased soil pH, electrical conductivity (EC), and sodium adsorption ratio (SAR). Yield parameters of different cultivars were affected more at higher salinity levels than lower in two years. Data over two years revealed that up to EC 9 dS m^?1 cultivars PBW 658 and HD 2967 performed ???better on the absolute yield basis but PBW 621 produced ?higher relative yield. At EC 12 dS m^?1, PBW 658 produced significantly higher grain yield (4.23 t ha^?1) than cultivars HD 2967 (4.11 t ha^?1) and PBW 621 (3.99 t ha^?1); therefore, should be preferred at salinity more than 9 dS m^?1.     

Breeding for boron tolerance in lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.) using a high‐throughput phenotypic assay and molecular markers

This study describes the identification of a quantitative trait locus (QTL) in the recombinant inbred line population of ILL2024 × ILL6788 and subsequent validation of associated molecular markers. A high‐quality genetic linkage map was constructed with 758 markers that cover 1,057 cM, with an average intermarker distance of 2 cM. QTL analysis revealed a single genomic region on Lc2 to be associated with B tolerance and accounted for up to 76% of phenotypic variation (Vp). The best markers for B tolerance were assessed for their utility in routine breeding applications using validation panels of diverse lentil germplasm and breeding material derived from ILL2024. A marker generated from the dense genetic map of this study was found to be the most accurate of all markers available for B tolerance in lentil, with a success rate of 93% within a large breeding pool derived from ILL2024. However, given the number of the unrelated lines for which the marker–trait association was not conserved, B tolerance screening is still required at later stages to confirm predicted phenotypes.     

盐胁迫下3种海滨植物形态和生理响应特征及耐盐性差异

[目的] 研究盐胁迫条件下3种海滨植物的生理生态动态响应特征及其耐盐性差异，为盐碱地绿化树种筛选提供科学依据。[方法] 以2年生中山杉、小叶榕和海滨木槿幼苗为材料进行为期56 d的盆栽试验，设置3个盐分梯度对其生长和形态、抗氧化酶系统以及渗透调节系统等指标的动态变化特征进行比较，并通过主成分分析来明确3种植物在耐盐性上的差异。[结果] 短期盐胁迫（14 d）对3种植物存活率、叶形和叶色影响较小，但长期盐胁迫（56 d）对小叶榕产生较大影响，盐胁迫下3种植物固定枝条相对生长率动态特征差异明显。3种植物叶片超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性随着盐处理时间增加而呈现降低趋势，过氧化物酶（POD）和抗坏血酸过氧化物酶（APX）活性先增加后降低，丙二醛（MDA）含量呈现总体降低趋势。盐胁迫下3种植物叶片可溶性糖和可溶性蛋白含量均呈现先减少后增加的趋势，叶片相对电导率则随着盐浓度增加而显著提高。盐处理时间和物种的交互作用对SOD和POD活性以及MDA含量有显著影响，3种植物耐盐性主成分有明显差异，表明它们不同的耐盐响应特征。[结论] 3种植物的生态生理响应特征表明盐处理对小叶榕影响最大，中山杉次之，对海滨木槿影响最小，因此海滨木槿和中山杉有优先作为我国东部沿海地区盐碱地绿化树种的潜力。