绵羊繁殖性状主基因研究进展

综述了绵羊BMPR-IB基因、BMP15基因和GDF9基因突变的遗传方式及对产羔数的影响,还对根据表型发现的Woodlands基因、Thoka基因、GDF9基因的遗传方式以及根据表型推断存在的Olkuska基因、Belle-Ile基因、NZLongwool基因进行了综述,旨在为生产中利用这些遗传标记作为辅助育种技术提供理论参考。     

Reproductive performance of crossbred and purebred male rabbits

The effect of buck genetic type and crossbreeding parameters on fertility and prolificacy were estimated using two rabbit sire lines and their reciprocal crosses. The relationship between the reproductive performance of inseminated multiparous does and several semen quality traits was also investigated. The semen characteristics evaluated were: pH (pH), mass and individual motility (MM, IM), percentage of viable spermatozoa (Vi), spermatozoa with normal apical ridge (NAR), normal spermatozoa (NSP), spermatozoa with morphological abnormalities of head (HAP), neck-midpiece (NAP), and tail (TAP), spermatozoa with the presence of proximal (PD) and distal (DD) cytoplasmic droplets.

Fertility was analysed as a continuous trait (kindling rate) or as a binary trait (success or failure of kindling). In the first case, the analysis was performed using GLM procedures of SAS v.8 according to a model that included the fixed factors of buck genetic type, number of ejaculates per pool and week of insemination. In the second case, fertility was analysed using GENMOD procedures of SAS v.8 according to a mixed model including the same fixed factors as before plus the physiological status of the does and the permanent random effect of female. Number of kits born alive and number of stillborn were analysed with MIXED procedures of SAS v.8 with the same model used for the analysis of fertility as a binary trait. Estimates of the estimable functions of crossbreeding genetic parameters of the lines were obtained from the solutions of the corresponding models by generalized least squares using GLM, GENMOD and MIXED procedures. Crossbreeding parameters were estimated according to the model of Dickerson. A linear regression was used to determine the relationship between fertility and litter size and the semen characteristics evaluated.

Significant differences in fertility were observed among buck genetic types, which were favourable to type R. Differences between lines in maternal genetic effects were relevant and favourable to type R for fertility. Individual heterosis was important but unfavourable for fertility.

A slight correlation was obtained between all semen quality traits and fertility and prolificacy. Two multiple models were found for fertility, including NAP, IM, NSP, buck genetic type and Vi in one model or NAR in other model. Individual motility had an important positive effect, while NAP had a small negative effect. When MM, TAP and buck genetic type were included in a multiple model for the number of kits born alive, both MM and TAP had significant small effects. Individual motility and DD appeared to be related to number of kits stillborn, but only DD had a significant although negligible effect.     

小尾寒羊血清酯酶多态性及其与产羔性能关系的研究

[目的]为小尾寒羊的多胎品种选育及鉴定提供理论依据。[方法]采用垂直板不连续聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳法（PAGE）检测小尾寒羊血清酯酶（Es）位点的多态性,将不同基因型个体与其产羔数进行统计分析,根据结果分析Es多态性与产羔数之间的相关性。[结果]Es位点有3种基因型,其中优势基因型为Es＋＋。3种基因型母羊的第1胎产羔数差异不显著（P〉0.05）,第2胎和第3胎产羔数以Es＋＋型显著（P〈0.05）高于Es--型和Es＋-型 Es＋＋型平均产羔数极显著（P〈0.01）高于Es--型和Es＋-型,Es--和Es＋-之间差异均不显著（P〉0.05）。[结论]Es位点可以作为小尾寒羊高产母羊早期选择的遗传标记位点,Es＋＋为其高产基因型。     

二花脸猪高繁殖力主效基因检测的研究

利用二花脸猪、大白猪、杂交一代和回交一代4个群体共2010窝产仔数的资料，采用家系内方差异质性和主效基因指数方法检测是否存在影响二花脸猪高繁殖力的主效基因。检测结果表明二花脸猪高繁殖力存在主效基因。     

品种区域试验主要决选指标及其参数的研究——Ⅰ.丰产性

文章认为,丰产性、丰产重演性、适应性及稳定性四者,是品种主要生产性能的最高表现,应作为品种区域试验的主要决选指标;并均应统一以适当参数加以定量表述,从而使总结评定共同建立在对参试品种的科学分类基础之上。本文建议,区试中意义准确、完整的丰产性,应按以下三参数合并表述,即:经过相应加权校正的(平均)丰产水平Yi/以对照品种为参照物兼示差异显著性的丰产指数I_Y*,**/兼示邻位差异显著性的丰产位次N*,**;对区域化鉴定中具关键作用之丰产重演性,建议分作不同可靠程度的增产重演R_i*,**、达标重演R_(?)*,**、高位重演R_(N)*,**三级,以重演性参数f(P)——连年及基本连年重演试点数(或重演面)表述之;并强调指出乃区试之核心。     

绵羊Inverdale基因(FecX~I)研究进展

Inverdale基因 (FecXI)是位于X染色体上影响绵羊排卵数的一个主效基因。本文简要介绍了FecXI 基因的发现、来源、内分泌学、产业化利用以及Inverdale母羊的卵巢特性 ,并对FecXI 基因的前景进行了讨论。     

优质油菜新品种(H系)适应性初步研究

研究了7个甘蓝型优质油菜新品种(H系)在安徽地区的适应性,结果表明,优质油菜新品种(H系)H4-4-1、H4-1-5、H4-1-7抗性强,经济性状协调,适应性、丰产性好,具有一定的推广价值。     

优质杂交油菜新品种(P系)比较试验与综合分析

研究了5个优质杂交油菜新品种(P系)在安徽地区的适应性。结果表明:优质油菜新品种(P系)04-P63-1表现抗性强、适应性广、经济性状协调、丰产性好,有一定的推广价值。     

小尾寒羊高繁殖力和常年发情内分泌机理的研究

本研究对5只小尾寒羊成年母羊以及相同条件下的5只细毛羊成年母羊用导管法采血,用放射免疫分析法测定血浆中FSH和LH浓度.试情公羊爬跨法鉴定结果表明,小尾寒羊具有显著的非季节性发情特性.小尾寒羊各月份、4个季节和全年的血浆FSH和LH浓度均极显著高于(P＜0.0001)低繁殖力和季节性发情的细毛羊.小尾寒羊发情期血浆FSH和LH的基础浓度、峰值、谷值、排卵前峰值均显著高于(P＜0.05～P＜0.0001)细毛羊的.发情期间小尾寒羊和细毛羊FSH分泌呈现2个明显的峰,第一个峰与排卵前LH峰并存,第二个FSH峰出现在发情后1d.小尾寒羊FSH二次峰均值极显著高于(P＜0.01)细毛羊的.本研究结果提示FSH和LH基因可作为小尾寒羊高繁殖力的候选基因来加以研究.     

太湖猪高繁殖力内分泌学机制的研究进展

综述了太湖猪高繁殖力内分泌学机制的研究进展。结果表明太湖猪促黄体素（ＬＨ）、促卵泡素（ＦＳＨ）的高含量以及ＦＳＨ分泌对抑制素的抑制效应较不敏感,尤其是ＦＳＨ的高含量,很可能是太湖猪高排卵率的重要因素之一。