辣椒骨干亲本6421及其衍生系的创制与利用

通过对河西牛角椒的挖掘及选择,阐明骨干亲本6421及其衍生系的创制以及杂种优势利用,并分析了6421成为骨干亲本的原因,总结了选育骨干亲本的经验。     

黔油12号双低杂交油菜制种技术研究Ⅲ.父母本不同行比群体经济性状变化及制种产量

为制定黔油12号大面积制种技术方案,明确黔油12号制种时父母本的适宜行比,试验父母本行比共设1:2、1:4、1:6、1:8、1:10、1:126个处理进行研究.结果表明:(1)因行比不同,单位面积上母本不育株数差异较大,行比1:6和1:8的不育株数较行比1:4的分别多124株和342株,行比1:10和1:12的不育株数比行比1:4的分别多461株和551株;(2)考察距父本行不同距离的母本行的经济性状,以距父本行第一行和第二行的全株有效角较多,距父本三行以上的千粒重高,但每角实粒数减少,单株产量随与父本距离加大而降低;不同行比母本群体经济性状以行比1:2～1:6的全株有效角较多,随行比加大,群体的平均每角实粒数减少,千粒重增加,单株产量逐渐降低.(3)在相同面积条件下,制种产量以行比1:6至1:10为佳,其中1:8的产量居第一位,为51.50kg/667m2;1:10的产量居第二位,为51.23kg/667m2;1:6的产量居第三位,为50.03kg/667m2.     

优质稻核心种质青六矮1号及其衍生品种的性状相关性研究

对青六矮1号及其衍生品种(品系)的相关分析表明: 产量与有效穗数呈极显著正相关, 与每穗总粒数和每穗实粒数呈显著负相关; 倒三叶长与倒二叶长呈极显著正相关, 与着粒密度呈显著负相关, 与粒长呈显著正相关, 与垩白率呈显著负相关, 与垩白度呈极显著负相关, 与胶稠度呈显著正相关, 与直链淀粉含量呈显著负相关. 主成分分析表     

Ⅱ优63及其亲本酯酶同工酶电泳分析

用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳分析Ⅱ优63及其亲本Ⅱ-32A和Ⅱ-32B稻苗的酯酶同工酶表明:萌发生长10～18天的Ⅱ优63稻苗中具活性渐强的特征带17A(Rf=0.745),而其亲本均无此带。     

杂交水稻制种父母本花期相遇诊断技术研究

以四川全省试验资料为基础，研究了杂交水稻制种父母本生长发育、抽穗开花的规律及影响父母本播差期安排的主要因子，建立了相应的预测模型和四川杂交水稻制种父母本花期相遇微机诊断系统（ＤＳＦＰＭＰＨＲＳＰ），在四川杂交水稻制种生产中推广应用，提高调差精度２～３ｄ，增产杂交稻一代种子１５０～３００ｋｇ／ｈｍ２。     

Genetic Diversity and Relationships of Japanese Peach (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Prunus persica</Emphasis> L.) Cultivars Revealed by AFLP and Pedigree Tracing

To evaluate the genetic diversity and to clarify the genetic relationships of Japanese peach cultivars, we analyzed the amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) and traced the pedigree of 17 Japanese commercial peach cultivars and six traditional accessions. Sixteen AFLP primer combinations produced a total of 837 fragments and 146 polymorphic bands with a polymorphism percentage of 17.5%. All of the peach accessions could be identified from differences in at least 10 polymorphic bands. A cluster analysis showed that all the Japanese commercial peach cultivars, except ‘Kiyomi’ and ‘Jichigetsuto’, formed a major group consisting of three sub-groups. Of the six traditional accessions, four were genetically distant from the Japanese commercial peach cultivars while two accessions from China were classified into the Japanese commercial peach cultivars group. Both the AFLP analysis and pedigree tracing suggested that Japanese commercial peach cultivars are mainly derived from ‘Shanhai Suimitsuto’, one of the traditional accessions from China. Although the genetic relationships revealed by AFLP were generally in agreement with those shown by the pedigree information, some contradictions were found. Combining the AFLP results and pedigree information can provide a better understanding of the genetic relationships of Japanese peach cultivars.     

Evidence of Inheritance of Intrahepatic Portosystemic Shunts in Irish Wolfhounds

Background: The etiogenesis of congenital portosystemic shunt in dogs is not understood. In Irish Wolfhounds, intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (IHPSS) is thought to be hereditary, but the mode of inheritance is unknown.
Objectives: To document the genetic background and investigate the potential mode of inheritance of IHPSS in Irish Wolfhounds.
Animals: Three mature, privately owned, affected siblings and their progeny produced in 2 litters.
Methods: Prospective, observational study. Two test matings of 1 affected sire with 2 of his affected sisters were used to determine the inheritance pattern. Affection status was determined by measuring venous blood ammonia concentrations, detection of the shunt by ultrasonography and confirmation during surgical attenuation of the intrahepatic shunting vessel.
Results: In 1 litter of 5 pups all had an IHPSS. In the other litter 5 of 11 pups were affected. Both left- and right-sided shunts occurred in both litters. No sex predisposition was evident among affected dogs.
Conclusions and Clinical Importance: Our results show that IHPSS in Irish Wolfhounds is a familial disorder that is likely genetic. It is unlikely that the mode of inheritance is monogenic. A digenic, triallelic trait could explain the observed occurrence of IHPSS but other modes of inheritance cannot be excluded.     

春黄瓜强优势早熟杂交组合亲本系的特征及早期产量预测

杂交组合是否具有强早熟杂种优势,在很大程度上取决于双亲的结构特征.亲本越晚熟,F_1越易产生早熟超均优势,随着亲本熟性逐渐提早,F_1早熟超均优势削弱,超过某一极限则导致负向优势.但早熟超标优势与其亲本早期产量呈极显著正相关.与双亲差值呈负相关.此外,次级性状也存在类似现象,客观上存在优势转折的极限.总之.强早熟优势组合亲本系应具有如下特征:①早期产量高,采瓜数多;②早期主蔓雌花数多;③早期主蔓座果率高;④瓜条发育速度快;⑤无效分枝少;⑥早期叶面积小;⑦在营养生长正常的基础上初花期叶片数少;⑧开花期早;⑨第一雌花节位低.亲本系与F_1显著的相关为预测F_1早熟性奠定了基础.采用多元回归法,由13个性状的双亲均值预测F_1早期产量,多元决定系数高达98.34%,具有很高的准确性.多元逐步回归将参与预测的自变量减少到6个性状,多元决定系数达80.01%.     

中品95-5117抗大豆花叶病毒基因源分析

中品95-5117和中品95-5383是以中品661为亲本选育的抗东北花叶病毒病3号株系(SMV3)的大豆新品系。中品95-5383抗病基因的SCAR标记已被定位于大豆F连锁群(Chr.13),与抗病基因Rsv1紧密连锁。利用大豆F连锁群的34个对SSR标记引物及与抗病基因紧密连锁的SCAR标记SCN11及Rsv1候选基因标记Rsv1-f/r,对中品95-5117系谱亲本进行检测,结合对SMV3的抗性鉴定结果进行分析,旨在明确抗SMV3基因在系谱中的传递规律,为利用分子标记辅助选择培育抗SMV3新品种提供依据。通过SSR标记分析发现,中品95-5117和中品95-5383与亲本中品661的相似性最高,而与另外一个亲本鲁豆4号关系较远。SCAR标记SCN11检测表明,只有1份材料Mangnolid(F-53)B为感病基因型。系谱的Rsv1-f/r标记分析表明,Williams82是中品95-5117中Rsv1基因的供体亲本。抗病性鉴定发现鲁豆4号高抗SMV3,但它并不携带Rsv1基因。据上述结果推测中品95-5117中不仅含有Rsv1,还具有来自鲁豆4号的抗病基因,证明该品系比其亲本中品661具有对SMV3更强的抗性。     

中国荷斯坦种公牛BLAD遗传缺陷的分子检测及系谱分析

本试验运用限制性片段长度多态性聚合酶链式反应（RFLP-PCR）方法,检测我国荷斯坦种公牛白细胞粘附缺陷（bovine leukocyte adhesion deficiency,BLAD）基因的携带频率。共检测了来自全国14个公牛站的587头种公牛,发现BLAD携带者8头,携带率为1.36%。对现有公牛系谱信息分析显示,携带者公牛来自美国、加拿大和中国,其中6头携带者公牛可以追溯到共同祖先Osborndale Ivanhoe。此外,本研究还对我国荷斯坦牛遗传缺陷的控制和携带者公牛的利用提出建议。