不同施氮量下南方红壤花生农艺性状、产量及土壤养分的变化

为探讨南方红壤旱地不同施氮量下花生农艺性状、产量和土壤养分的变化,采用田间随机区组试验,以高含氮肥料为材料,设置8个处理:不施氮肥（N₀）、200%施氮量（N_200%）、150%施氮量（N_150%）、100%施氮量（N_100%,纯施氮180.48 kg/hm²）、80%施氮量（N_80%）、60%施氮量（N_60%）、40%施氮量（N_40%）和20%施氮量（N_20%）。结果表明:与N₀处理相比,施氮肥提高了花生荚果产量,增产幅度为12.94%~24.62%;荚果产量、单株果重和饱果率随施氮量的增加而增加;而分枝数和百仁重随施氮量变化不明显;株高和百果重以N_80%效果最佳。土壤碱解氮随施氮量的增加而增加。相关分析结果表明,花生荚果产量与饱果率、有机质和碱解氮呈显著正相关;碱解氮与饱果率和有机质呈显著正相关,而与pH呈显著负相关。由主成分分析结果可知,第1主成分性状,即产量因子,如荚果产量、单株果重和百果重对花生生长有重要的作用。通径分析结果表明,百果重和饱果率通径系数较大,所以在提高花生荚果产量中应重视这2个性状。综上所述,从花生产量、农艺性状和成本考虑,以N_80%处理（纯施氮144.38 kg/hm²）的荚果产量、株高、单株果重、百果重、百仁重表现最佳。     

Genetic evaluation of Prosopis alba (algarrobo) in Argentina for cloning elite trees

Algarrobo (Prosopis alba) is an important nitrogen-fixing tree adapted to the semiarid regions of northwestern Argentina. The tree provides fuelwood and dimensionally stable lumber for flooring and furniture; its pods that have a high sugar content are consumed by livestock and humans. P. alba has been one of the most heavily harvested species. This paper reports on the evaluation of a nine-year-old Prosopis alba progeny trial containing 57 half-sibling families of eight provenances in northwestern Argentina (of the 1,596 trees planted, 1,289 survived in 1999). Considering the multiple uses of P. alba, the selection criteria included: total biomass production (from basal diameter using regression equations), height, rate of pod production, and pod sensory characteristics. The family-narrow-sense-heritability was 0.487 for height. 0.548 for biomass production, and 0.244 for pod production. In 1998, 12 of the 1,289 trees were more than 4 m tall and had more than 1.75 kg pods per tree; and their pods had a sweet or very sweet non-astringent taste. Scions from these 12 trees were successfully grafted onto unselected P. alba rootstock. These are currently being used to produce rooted cuttings. The pod production, biomass, and height of the 12 clones ranged from 6.55 to 14.4, 1.57 to 13.5, and 1.29 to 1.70 times the respective population means. The genetic gains of 13.5%, 77%, and 147% for height, biomass, and pod production respectively are greater than genetic gains for other tree species and are probably due to the great genetic variability in the local population and the lack of any prior genetic improvement program.This revised version was published online in November 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

大豆重组自交系群体荚粒性状的QTL分析

利用大豆重组自交系soy01群体中的255个家系进行2年田间试验，采用两种作图方法，寻找一粒荚、四粒荚、每荚粒数等5个荚粒性状稳定的QTL。结果表明，利用区间作图法，2年共找到24个荚粒性状QTL，解释的遗传变异为5%~80%；利用复合区间作图法，2年共找到27个荚粒性状QTL，解释的遗传变异为4%~73%。利用复合区间作图法，2年找到2个重复出现、稳定的四粒荚QTL和2个每荚粒数QTL，为大豆荚粒性状QTL的精细定位和分子标记辅助育种提供了基础和依据。     

花生防空壳高产栽培技术

花生缺钙直接影响荚果发育，空果、秕果及单仁果明显增多，产量降低，品质下降。本文介绍了通过增施钙肥，防治花生空壳的施肥、追肥及田间管理等高产栽培技术措施。     

高蛋白大豆品种食心虫抗性与相关性状分析简报

以8份吉林省高蛋白大豆品种为材料，对其食心虫抗性及相关性状进行比较分析。结果表明，丰交7607、九农20表现为高抗（受害粒率1．59％～1．64％），吉小粒7号、长农15、九农21表现为抗虫（受害粒率2．14％～2．55％），黑农48表现为感虫（受害粒率7．29％），黑农38、吉育47表现为中抗（受害粒率4．26％-5．22％）。大豆荚熟色越深的品种表现出的抗性越强。蛋白质含量与抗性无显著性相关。     

大豆炸荚表型精准检测方法的研究

大豆炸荚表型易受环境影响,炸荚相关研究的关键在于如何获得精准的表型。以遗传背景较近且炸荚表型差异较大的2份栽培大豆为材料,利用烘箱对2个品种完熟期不同部位的豆荚进行炸荚率检测,烘干温度和持续时间各设置5个处理。结果表明,不同处理下大豆各部位的炸荚率无显著差异,炸荚率与烘干温度及持续时间呈显著正相关;不同品种大豆炸荚率在60℃、11h后的处理均存在显著性差异,综合炸荚检测的便利、安全及种子发芽率的影响,最终确定烘干温度60℃、持续时间11~13h为最佳检测条件。     

花生果微波-热风耦合干燥特性及能耗分析

为提高花生果干燥后的品质，采用脉冲间歇式-低强度微波、高强度微波以及高&低强度微波分别与热风 进行耦合干燥，研究不同干燥工艺下花生果的干燥特性、品质特性及干燥能耗情况。结果表明：采用脉冲间歇式- 高&低强度微波热风耦合的干燥工艺最佳，其中微波强度 0.95 W/g照射时间 16.7 min，微波强度 0.48 W/g照射时间 11.7 min，干燥总耗时198.3 min，可将花生果含水率从50.0%降至15.5%，并且其总能耗比低强度微波和高强度微波 分别降低了37.1%、8.6%，干燥后花生果的品质较佳。因此，脉冲间歇式-高&低强度微波热风耦合干燥工艺的研究 对花生果的减损具有重要意义。     

大豆重组自交系群体三、四粒荚变异及其与产量的关系

利用中豆29与中豆32杂交衍生出的大豆重组自交系群体406个家系,在两种种植密度下分析三、四粒荚与产量的关系,研究结果表明,大豆重组自交系群体四粒荚性状存在明显的变异,有部分家系几乎没有四粒荚出现,而另一部分家系四粒荚几乎占四分之三,群体中出现了三、四粒荚数是一、二粒荚数47倍的家系.50%以上的家系四粒荚数和三粒荚比率超过高亲值,而有70.69%的家系一粒荚比率低于低亲值.三粒荚数与产量存在极显著的正相关,四粒荚数与单株产量有一定程度的负相关,主要原因是四粒荚数与百粒重存在极显著的负相关,但高产家系每荚粒数仍高于每荚粒数低的亲本.     

Pod, Seed and Germination Characteristics of Selected Cardamom (Elettaria cardamomum (Linn.) Maton) Varieties

Cardamom is a popular and important tropical spice, traditionally propagated by rhizomes, although seeds which are considered recalcitrant are being increasingly used in planting programmes. Thus a study evaluated the effects of pod maturity on pod, seed and germination characteristics of three popular varieties, along with the influence of drying on seed germinability.
Green and yellow mature pods and seeds of all varieties had a high moisture content. The variety Mysore, which is considered high yielding, had larger pods with a greater number of heavy seeds. Although the pods of Vazukka were heavier than the Malabar variety due to greater seed weights, seed numbers were similar in both varieties. Seed moisture contents declined with increasing pod maturity, while seed weights and germinability increased.
The germinability of Mysore seeds were greater, while that of the other varieties were lower. The larger seeds of all varieties germinated 15–20 days earlier, giving rise to a greater percentage (20–25 %) of seedlings. Desiccation at 20 °C maintained germinability for a longer period (5–9 days) in all varieties, than when dried at 30 °C. The seeds of the variety Mysore was more tolerant to desiccation than other varieties. The study illustrated the importance of selecting large seeds from yellow mature pods of cardamom for propagation and the value of establishment immediately after harvest to obtain a greater number of seedlings.     

高产春大豆干物质积累与花荚形成的关系研究

为探明高产春大豆花荚期干物质积累与花荚形成的关系,田间随机区组排列法研究10个高产大豆品种(系)的花期、花荚期干物质增量分别与开花数、成荚数、产量的关系。结果表明,产量在4 527.4～5 734.2 kg·hm^-2的范围内,花期干物质增量与产量相关不显著,花荚期干物质增量与产量呈极显著正相关,总花数、总荚数均与产量呈显著正相关;花期干物质增量与开花数呈二次曲线关系,Y_1=-0.050 3X■+42.285X_1-5 312.2,R^2=0.673 9~*;花荚期的干物质增量与成荚数呈线性关系,Y_2=0.090 4X_5+419.47,R^2=0.719 4^**;开花期叶片干物质增量与开花数呈二次曲线关系,花荚期茎秆、叶片、叶柄干物质增量与成荚数均呈二次曲线关系。花期和花荚期过少或过多茎叶干物质积累量均不利于花、荚形成。花期茎叶稳健生长,荚期荚快速生长有利于增加开花数、成荚数。在花期、花荚期地上部干物质增量分别为4 373,7 801 kg·hm^-2、荚干重占33.8%,总花数为3 773.3×10~4朵·hm^-2、总荚数为1 127.3×10~4个·hm^-2,产量可达5 734.2 kg·hm^-2,其干物质成花效率、成荚效率依次为8.63朵·g^-1、1.45个·g^-1。