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The Central Asian countries face high water scarcity due to aridity and desertification but excess water is often applied to the main irrigated crops. This over-irrigation contributes to aggravate water scarcity problems. Improved water saving irrigation is therefore required, mainly through appropriate irrigation scheduling. To provide for it, after being previously calibrated and validated for cotton in the Fergana region, the irrigation scheduling simulation model ISAREG was explored to simulate improved irrigation scheduling alternatives. Results show that using the present irrigation scheduling a large part of the applied water, averaging 20%, percolates out of the root zone. Several irrigation strategies were analyzed, including full irrigation and various levels of deficit irrigation. The analysis focused a three-year period when experiments for calibration and validation of the model were carried out, and a longer period of 33 years that provided for an analysis considering the probabilities of the demand for irrigation water. The first concerned a wet period while the second includes a variety of climatic demand conditions that provided for analyzing alternative schedules for average, high and very high climatic demand. Results have shown the importance of the groundwater contribution, mainly when deficit irrigation is applied. Analyzing several deficit irrigation strategies through the respective potential water saving, relative yield losses, water productivity and economic water productivity, it could be concluded that relative mild deficits may be adopted. Contrarily, the adoption of high water deficit that produce high water savings would lead to yield losses that may be economically not acceptable. 相似文献
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基于货币成本收益和非货币成本收益,对鄱阳湖生态经济区农民工回流决策及回流农民工的职业选择进行了经济分析。结果显示,考虑机会成本因素后的转移纯收益小于0时,转移农民工就会主动回流,而回流纯收益与转移纯收益趋于平衡时,非货币因素也会成为影响农民工回流决策的重要因素。回流农民工职业纯收益大于0,农民工就会放弃原有职业选择新职业。 相似文献
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We developed a methodological protocol for comprehensive evaluation of nutrient management (NM) technologies for production of cauliflower taking its yield, quality, profitability, energy balance and environmental sustainability in terms of soil quality as the goal variables. Fifteen NM technologies comprising three sources of nutrients viz., organics [farmyard manure (FYM), vermicompost (VC) and green manure], inorganic fertilizations (recommended NPK at the rate of 200-44-82 kg ha−1and 125% of recommended NPK) and their selected combinations were tested for producing cauliflower for six consecutive growing seasons during 2006–2011. Integrated NM technology proved to be economically sound and environment-friendly practice. It helped to produce better quality cauliflower with higher value added products such as crude protein, dietary fibre, and vitamin C. Further, it concomitantly maintained better soil quality by improving soil organic carbon stock, microbial biomass carbon, bulk density and extractable plant available nutrients. Combining all the parameters together by employing non-parametric evaluation of regression factor scores through principal component analysis, the NM technology of FYM 5 Mg ha−1 + 125% of recommended NPK and VC 3 Mg ha−1 + 125% of recommended NPK were found to be the best among the NM technologies compared. The superiority of the technologies were attributed to higher curd biomass yield (8.36 and 9.70 Mg ha−1, respectively), higher economic return (benefit-cost ratio 2.7 and 2.5; marginal rate of return 8.0 and 5.1, respectively), more energy conserving efficiency (net energy 22.4 and 25.7 GJ ha−1; output-input energy ratio 1.86 and 2.00, respectively) and greater improvement in the indices of soil quality (6.219 and 5.709, respectively) and crop quality for human (6.7 and 7.4, respectively) and animal (7.4 and 6.4, respectively) nutrition. Organics were less productive, less profitable, and energetically less efficientas compared to integrated and inorganic systems for cauliflower production in subtropics. 相似文献
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白文军 《农业图书情报学刊》2009,21(4):129-130
以北京农业为例,简述新出版时代农业科技期刊的生存现状,结合农业科技发展的需要,提出农业科技期刊作为科技信息传播的载体,应该坚持办刊特色,加强自身的核心竞争力,在市场经济环境下,面临新的机遇和挑战,开拓创新,以改革求生存,市场中求发展,发挥其应有的作用,创造社会效益。 相似文献
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[目的]探讨不同烤烟品种生长特性及部分产质量性状差异,为贵州烤烟生产选用后备品种及品种布局提供理论依据。[方法]以‘K326’品种为对照,于2015年在贵州省开阳县冯三镇安坪村开展试验,对不同烤烟品种生长特性差异及产质量性状进行分析。[结果]GY8前期生长较快,后期较慢,整个生育期以 GY2和GY5最长,Yun85和Yun87最短;GY2、GY5、GY8株高、最大叶宽、最大叶面积较大, Yun85、Yun87、K326茎围、最大叶长较大;Yun87田间自然发病率较低,其次是 Yun85, GY8较高;GY2、GY5、GY8烟碱、总氮、钾和氯含量较高, Yun85、Yun87、K326总糖、还原糖含量及糖碱比较高;Yun85、Yun87经济性状表现较好,其次是 GY5,GY8经济性状表现较差。[结论] Yun85和Yun87品质性状优于 GY2和 GY8,田间自然发病率低于 GY2和 GY8,经济性状表现较好,可以考虑作为未来贵州烤烟生产中的后备品种。 相似文献
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文章简述了冀州市农业信息化建设中有关基础设施建设、网络延伸、开展信息服务方面的做法和体会.通过信息引导,推动了冀州市农业结构调整,提高了农业经济效益. 相似文献