Effects of Root Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria Inoculations on the Growth and Nutrient Content of Grapevine

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of seven nitrogen (N₂)-fixing and/or phosphorus (P)-solubilizing and siderophore-producing microorganism based bio-fertilizers in single and triple strain combinations isolated from the acidic rhizospheric soil of native tea, grapevine, and wild red raspberries. As a result of this study, bacterial efficiency was found to be variable and depended on the bacterial strains and evaluated growth parameters. Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) has improved macro- and micro-nutrient concentrations in grapevine leaves, and stimulated plant growth. Triple inoculation and single inoculation based bio fertilizers were found to stimulate overall plant growth, including shoot and leaf weight, main shoot length, leaf ground index, chlorophyll, nitrogen, zinc and iron content of grapevine cv ‘Italy’. Bio-fertilizers increased the nutrients such as nitrogen, zinc and iron concentrations and consequently increased the chlorophyll content of the leaves.     

麦玉两熟秸秆长期全量还田模式下氮肥对冬小麦生长发育、产量及品质的影响

为了探讨小麦-玉米两熟区长期秸秆还田模式下氮肥的适宜用量,采取秸秆不还田、秸秆全量还田为主因素,氮肥用量(设0、90、180、270、360 kg/hm~25个水平)为辅因素的裂区试验设计,研究了麦玉两熟秸秆长期还田配施氮肥对冬小麦生长发育、产量及品质的影响。研究结果表明:同一氮肥水平秸秆还田处理能够增大叶面积,增强光合作用,提高叶绿素含量及地上干物质量,增加产量。随施氮量的增加,叶绿素呈增长趋势,但叶面积、地上干物质量、穗数、穗粒数及产量均呈先增后减的趋势。蛋白质及湿面筋含量随施氮量增加而提高。过量施用氮肥(270、360 kg/hm~2),产生盐害,会抑制小麦生长,导致减产。秸秆还田配施180 kg/hm~2氮肥处理能明显促进冬小麦的生长发育,提高产量和品质。经模拟分析,秸秆全量还田模式下小麦最高产量的推荐施氮肥量为216.11 kg/hm~2。     

海拔对藜麦苗期生理指标的影响

选择甘肃省不同海拔地区,以国内首个藜麦品种陇藜1号为材料,测定不同海拔对藜麦苗期叶片生理指标的影响。结果表明,随海拔的升高,藜麦叶片的叶绿素、可溶性蛋白和脯氨酸含量先升高后下降;MDA含量和O_2~-产生速率升高后下降再升高,在海拔最高(2 130 m)处达到最大值;SOD、POD、CAT和APX活性先升高后下降。说明随海拔的升高,藜麦叶片通过积累渗透调节物质和提高抗氧化酶活性,以清除多余的活性氧物质,维持细胞渗透势平衡,缓解环境变化对其生长造成的伤害。     

细菌性根腐病对三七光合特性的影响

根腐病是严重威胁三七生产的重要因素之一,常年发病率在5%～20%。其中,由假单胞杆菌(Pseudomon adaceae)引起的细菌性根腐病,因叶片出现缺水萎蔫症状时才能发现,目前尚无有效的预防措施。为探究细菌性根腐病对三七光合生理特性的影响,从而为三七病害生理学研究提供理论基础,本文以2年生三七为材料,设置2个处理[发病植株和健康对照植株(CK)],研究细菌性根腐病对三七形态结构、光合特性和光系统功能的影响。结果表明:1)根腐病导致三七的主根褐变腐烂,须根断损,茎基部腐烂中空,叶片萎蔫,各器官含水量比CK显著降低(P≤0.05);而株高、叶面积和叶片解剖结构(上表皮厚度、下表皮厚度、栅栏组织厚度和海绵组织厚度)在两处理间均无显著差异。2)发病植株叶片叶绿素含量、净光合速率(P_n)、气孔导度(G_s)、水分利用效率(WUE)和表观叶肉导度(AMC)显著低于CK(P≤0.05),且CK叶片胞间CO_2浓度(C_i)与P_n呈反比。3)发病植株叶片的光系统Ⅰ(PSⅠ)反应中心P700最大荧光信号(P_m)根腐病初期暂不受影响,而叶片暗适应下最大量子效率(F_v/F_m)、光系统Ⅱ(PSⅡ)电子传递速率[ETR(Ⅱ)]、PSⅡ实际光化学量子产量[Y(Ⅱ)]、PSⅠ电子传递速率[ETR(Ⅰ)]、PSⅠ周围的环式电子流(CEF)和PSⅠ实际光化学量子产量[Y(Ⅰ)]均显著低于CK(P≤0.05);参与调节性能量耗散的量子产量[Y(NO)]则显著高于CK(P≤0.05);发病植株的快速叶绿素荧光动力学曲线上出现K相,且显著高于CK(P≤0.05)。总的来看,细菌性根腐病对三七发病植株各器官的损伤严重程度为根茎叶,且根腐病导致发病植株叶片叶绿素降解, PSⅡ受到不可逆损伤, PSⅠ的电子传递被抑制,且叶肉细胞CO_2的同化能力降低,根腐病限制三七正常进行光合作用的条件。     

60Co-γ辐射对大花紫薇叶绿素荧光特性的影响

为探究60Co-γ射线辐射处理种子对大花紫薇生长发育中光合效率的影响,以大花紫薇种子为试验材料,以不同60Co-γ射线辐射剂量(0、20、60、100、140、180 Gy)进行辐射处理,测量不同处理生长发育过程中叶绿素及光合指标的变化,研究其对紫薇光合系统的影响。结果表明:20、60 Gy处理较对照和其他处理叶绿素质量分数更高,更有利于叶片进行光合作用;60、100 Gy处理较对照和其他处理潜在光合速率和最大光合效率更好;各时期光合性能指数与综合性能指数均呈现先上升后下降的趋势,但随时间的增加整体呈现下降的趋势,60 Gy较其他处理性能指数高。由此得出,60 Gy辐射处理有利于大花紫薇光合色素的产生与积累,较好的增加电子传递效率,有利于光合系统的运转和能量的积累。     

银杏叶叶绿素荧光特性及其含量测定研究

[目的]研究银杏叶叶绿素的荧光特征及其含量的变化规律。[方法]以新鲜银杏叶为材料,采用混合有机溶剂进行萃取,并用分光光度法对银杏叶叶绿素的含量进行测定,通过比较不同月份银杏叶叶绿素的含量,得到叶绿素含量的变化规律,同时研究银杏叶叶绿素的特征荧光发射峰和磷光寿命。[结果]银杏叶叶绿素有2个特征荧光发射峰,分别位于691和718 nm处,在2个发射峰处的磷光寿命分别为8.61和8.21μs;在不同月份的银杏叶中,叶绿素含量从大到小依次为7月、4月、11月,但叶绿素a/b比值从大到小依次为4月、11月、7月。[结论]该研究为银杏叶叶绿素的进一步研究提供参考。     

Effect of different levels of nitrogen in nutrient solution and crop system on nitrate accumulation in endive

With the objective of studying the effect of two nutrient solutions and two crop systems (greenhouse and openfield) on nitrate accumulation, incidence of tipburn and chlorophyll content, endive (cv. Cuartana) was planted in 8 L pots, filled with a mixture of coconut coir:perlite (1:1) in three different cycles C1 (winter), C2 (spring) and C3 (summer). Plants were irrigated with two nutrient solutions of different nitrate content: S1, low ([NO^?₃] = 7.91 mmol L^?1) and S2 moderate nitrate content ([NO^?₃] = 16.91 mmol L^?1). Nitrate content was determined by reflectometry, tipburn was evaluated using a qualitative scale and chlorophyll content by soil plant analysis development(SPAD) values. Plants irrigated with S2 showed higher nitrate accumulation in leaves in all cycles, however, no influence of the nutrient solution was observed on the incidence of tipburn. Greenhouse-cultivated plants accumulated more nitrates than those cultivated in open field and also showed a higher incidence of tipburn and SPAD values.     

Effects of Different Substrate Composition on Growth of Gesneriaceae Plants

The cultivation experiment was carried out to investigate the effects of different proportions of peat soil, perlite, vermiculite and yellow mud on growth of Gesneriaceae species(Chirita gueilinensis, Sinningia speciosa, Lysionotus pauciflorus, Hemiboea henryi, Aeschynanthus acuminatus, Saintpaulia ionantha). The growth traits of each plant growing in 7 different matrix materials were investigated.The plant height, crown width and chlorophyll content of each plant were measured. The results showed that the best substrate ratio was peat soil∶vermiculite=2∶1for C. gueilinensis, L. pauciflorus and H. henryi; peat soil∶perlite∶vermiculite = 2∶1∶1for S. ionantha; peat soil∶vermiculite∶yellow mud=2∶1∶1 for S. speciosa; peat soil∶perlite∶vermiculite∶yellow mud=2∶1∶1∶1 for A. acuminatus.     

不同 LED 光源对乌塌菜光合特性及品质的影响

以菊花小八叶乌塌菜品种为试验材料，利用LED精量调制光源，设红光、蓝光、红／蓝（3／1）、红／蓝（7／1）、白／红／蓝（3／2／1）5个处理，以白光为对照，研究不同光质对乌塌菜光合特性及品质的影响。结果表明：叶绿素含量以红／蓝（7／1）处理最高，且叶绿素总量与红／蓝光比值呈正相关；光合速率、气孔导度、蒸腾速率均以红光处理最高，而蓝光处理下有较高的胞间CO2浓度；不同光质处理对乌塌菜的荧光参数有较大影响，白光的Fm／Fo、Fv／Fo和ΦPSⅡ均最大；红光可以提高可溶性糖含量而蓝光却能提高可溶性蛋白含量，白光能增加维生素C含量。综合分析得出，红／蓝（7／1）有利于增加光合色素含量，提高光合速率和营养品质。     

短日照诱导对小豆生长发育、光合和荧光参数的影响

为明确短日照对小豆生长发育、光合和荧光参数的影响，采用不同生育时期短日照诱导处理来调查小豆的形态指标、开花时间及开花节位，在开花期和结荚期测定光合作用和叶绿素荧光。结果表明，与对照相比，短日照诱导使小豆的株高降低、平均茎粗和主茎节数变小、白红2号在开花期和结荚期的节间长度升高，唐山红小豆降低；短日照诱导使小豆的花期提前并降低开花节位；短日照诱导使2个品种的净光合速率在开花期明显升高，在结荚期降低，气孔导度、细胞间CO2浓度和蒸腾速率在开花期无明显变化，在结荚期，白红2号明显降低，唐山红小豆升高；短日照诱导对开花期的叶绿素含量无明显影响，在结荚期明显降低，与对照相比，白红2号在开花期和结荚期的Fv/Fm升高，唐山红小豆在开花期变化规律不明显，在结荚期升高；短日照诱导使小豆的产量构成因素及产量呈下降趋势。以上结果说明短日照诱导对花荚期小豆的生长发育、光合参数及产量具有调控作用。