The priority of management factors for reducing the yield gap of summer maize in the north of Huang-Huai-Hai region,China

Understanding yield potential, yield gap and the priority of management factors for reducing the yield gap in current intensive maize production is essential for meeting future food demand with the limited resources. In this study, we conducted field experiments using different planting modes, which were basic productivity(CK), farmer practice(FP), high yield and high efficiency(HH), and super high yield(SH), to estimate the yield gap. Different factorial experiments(fertilizer, planting density, hybrids, and irrigation) were also conducted to evaluate the priority of individual management factors for reducing the yield gap between the different planting modes. We found significant differences between the maize yields of different planting modes. The treatments of CK, FP, HH, and SH achieved 54.26, 58.76, 65.77, and 71.99% of the yield potential, respectively. The yield gaps between three pairs: CK and FP, FP and HH, and HH and SH, were 0.76, 1.23 and 0.85 t ha~(–1), respectively. By further analyzing the priority of management factors for reducing the yield gap between FP and HH, as well as HH and SH, we found that the priorities of the management factors(contribution rates) were plant density(13.29%)fertilizer(11.95%)hybrids(8.19%)irrigation(4%) for FP to HH, and hybrids(8.94%)plant density(4.84%)fertilizer(1.91%) for HH to SH. Therefore, increasing the planting density of FP was the key factor for decreasing the yield gap between FP and HH, while choosing hybrids with density and lodging tolerance was the key factor for decreasing the yield gap between HH and SH.     

景谷县森林蓄积量遥感估测及其动态变化分析

以云南省景谷县为研究区,基于Landsat5和Landsat8遥感数据,利用2012年和2017年两期全国森林资源连续清查实地调查数据,建立多元逐步回归和随机森林模型对景谷县森林蓄积量进行遥感估测对比研究。结果显示:综合建模精度来看,随机森林法在相同样地数量条件下具有更好的估测效果;从估测结果与林地保护利用规划和林地变更数据结果相比较,随机森林法估测值接近真实值,估测精度较高。     

生态公共服务视野下城市森林生态-经济系统的协同机理研究

在生态公共服务视野下,尽管当前我国的城市森林发展较为迅速,但对其森林生态经济系统的协同机理研究仍然还是一个新课题。本文结合海南国际旅游岛建设的相关实践,从治理机制、市场机制、利益分配机制、合作机制、扶持机制5个方面,对海南城市森林进行研究,以促进海南城市森林资源的优化利用和社会经济的可持续发展。     

中小型饲料企业的供应链管理与物流配送

中小型饲料企业是饲料产品经济发展中的重要组成部分，也是我国农牧行业经济发展的重要组成部分。随着计算机物联网技术的不断发展，当前线上销售模式应成为中小型饲料企业创新经济增长点的重点发展领域，而要想更好的发展线上运营模式必须考虑当前中小型饲料企业自身供应链管理物流配送的发展状况。本文研究分析当前中小型饲料企业供应链管理及物流配送的发展现状，通过对供应链管理的核心影响因素及中小型饲料企业所处内外部环境的深入研究，分析当前中小型饲料企业供应链管理发展问题背后的原因，并在此基础上提出针对中小型饲料企业供应链管理与物流配送的合理性建议与优化措施。 [关键词]中小型饲料企业|供应链管理|优化措施     

长江中下游地区棉花涝灾渍害预防及灾后管理技术

针对我国长江中下游地区因梅雨季节阴雨时间长、降水量大而集中常常引发涝灾和造成棉花渍害的现象,总结提出了一系列棉花防涝防渍及灾后田间管理技术措施与要求,以期为长江中下游地区棉农提供技术指导,促进当地棉花产业的发展和植棉效益的提高。     

Effect of farm management on topsoil organic carbon and aggregate stability in water: A case study from Southwest England,UK

There are few reliable data sets to inspire confidence in policymakers that soil organic carbon (SOC) can be measured on farms. We worked with farmers in the Tamar Valley region of southwest England to select sampling sites under similar conditions (soil type, aspect and slope) and management types. Topsoils (2–15 cm) were sampled in autumn 2015, and percentage soil organic matter (%SOM) was determined by loss on ignition and used to calculate %SOC. We also used the stability of macroaggregates in cold water (WSA) (‘soil slaking’) as a measure of ‘soil health’ and investigated its relationship with SOC in the clay‐rich soils. %SOM was significantly different between management types in the order woodland (11.1%) = permanent pasture (9.5%) > ley‐arable rotation (7.7%) = arable (7.3%). This related directly to SOC stocks that were larger in fields under permanent pasture and woodland compared with those under arable or ley‐arable rotation whether corrected for clay content (F = 8.500, p < .0001) or not (F = 8.516, p < .0001). WSA scores were strongly correlated with SOC content whether corrected for clay content (SOC_adj R² = .571, p < .0001) or not (SOC_unadj R² = 0.490, p = .002). Time since tillage controlled SOC stocks and WSA scores, accounting for 75.5% and 51.3% of the total variation, respectively. We conclude that (1) SOC can be reliably measured in farmed soils using accepted protocols and related to land management and (2) WSA scores can be rapidly measured in clay soils and related to SOC stocks and soil management.     

宽甸地区林业资源及其特色产业发展研究

综述宽甸地区自然条件和林业资源概况,介绍林业特色产业的规划布局和建设现状。基于生态文明的发展理念,根据林业资源的特点和优势,提出进一步发展特色林业产业的可行性建议,为充分发挥宽甸地区林业资源潜力提供借鉴。     

基于GF-1和Sentinel-2时序数据的茶园识别

由于茶园大多分布在地形复杂的山区,地块破碎,分布零散,形状差异大、植被混杂且茶园所处环境长期受到云雨的影响,增加了茶园遥感识别的难度与不确定性,针对这一问题,该研究提出了利用高分1号(GF-1)和哨兵2号(Sentinel-2)时序数据提取茶园的方法,以浙江省武义县王宅镇为研究区,采用GF-1号为主要数据源,并利用MODIS地表反射率产品和Sentinel-2反射率数据,基于时空融合算法得到时间分辨率5 d的10 m Sentinel-2完整的时序数据。综合利用GF-1在空间细节方面的优势和重建的Sentinel-2高观测频率时序数据在反映茶树生长过程方面的优势,分别基于GF-1的光谱和纹理特征及GF-1的光谱、纹理特征和Sentinel-2时序特征两种特征组合方式,采用随机森林算法提取茶园。结果表明,GF-1光谱、纹理信息结合Sentinel-2时序信息分类结果的准确率、错误率、精确率、召回率和F1分数分别为96.91%、3.09%、89.00%、83.09%和0.86,仅基于GF-1光谱和纹理信息的分类准确率、错误率、精确率、召回率和F1分数分别为94.72%、5.28%、73.09%、84.61%和0.78,添加时序信息分类结果总体优于未添加时序信息的分类结果。表明高空间分辨率结合高频率时序遥感数据是提高茶园分类精度的有效手段。     

村务管理专业学生的教育管理研究

随着国家乡村振兴战略的深入实施,村务管理专业学生招生规模迅速扩大,教育管理对乡村振兴发展、学院建设、个人成长具有重要意义.从分析学生的特点和教育管理现状入手,阐述了抓好村务管理专业学生教育管理的重要意义,提出把好招考入学、教书育人、考察使用关口,做好学院内部与外部管理结合、教育管理与精准服务结合、依法依规与沟通交流结合、教育引导与更新观念结合、宣传表彰与惩戒警示结合,加强学生的教育管理工作.     

青冈栎林分空间结构对林下更新的影响

林分空间结构会显著影响其林下幼树更新。为明确其影响林下幼树更新的关键因子,以湖南省青羊湖国有林场青冈栎林天然次生林为研究对象,测量幼树株数密度、树高、地径和冠幅,计算混交度、大小比数、开敞度指数以及聚集指数代表林分空间结构,评价林下幼树更新情况,并用灰色关联度分析方法探究两者间的相关关系。结果表明,青羊湖国有林场13块青冈栎林样地林下更新幼树有6种,分属于4科5属,分别是青冈栎、苦槠、多脉青冈、南酸枣、黄檀、马尾松,青冈栎在更新幼树中占明显优势,是优势树种,幼树重要值为63.09%。青冈栎林各林分空间结构指数与林下更新指数均大于0.5,关联度较高,综合所有林分空间结构指数对林下更新指数关联度的均值来看,对林下更新的影响由大到小为大小比数>开敞度>聚集指数>混交度,大小比数对青冈栎林下更新影响最为显著。在促进青冈栎天然次生林林下更新时,应以调整林木大小分化程度为主,综合考虑林木空间分布格局的调整方案。