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Sara Yavari Amirhossein Malakahmad Nasiman B. Sapari Saba Yavari 《Journal of plant nutrition》2018,41(5):545-551
As a green technique, plant-based remediation systems can be used to remove nitrogen (N) pollutants from N-rich wastewaters. However, the excess amount of N and shortage of other nutrients in this system limits the plant growth and affects the plant remediation efficiency. In this study, the effect of adding phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) to the N-enriched wastewater on growth and N-removal efficiency of teak seedlings (Tectona grandis) was evaluated. Twelve ratios of N:P:K were applied to teak seedlings and the related effects were compared with those in control solution containing only N. The results indicated that a ratio of 1N:0.5P:1K increased dry matter accumulation in teak seedlings by improving the balance of nutrients in plants. Teak seedlings grown in nutritionally-improved system eliminated 33.8% N more than those grown in only N solution. The water loss through plant uptake was also enhanced in the improved system up to 56%. 相似文献
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【目的】柚木在阳光照射下由浅棕色转变成金黄色从而变得更加珍贵,对柚木光变色机理的研究可以增加柚木的商品价值,也是建立木材材色调控技术方法的基础,本文旨在探讨溶剂抽提对柚木光变色的影响。【方法】采用溶剂水、乙醇、乙酸乙酯、氯仿、苯、石油醚、苯-乙醇混合物(1:1、2:1、4:1、9:1)对柚木试样进行抽提,探究溶剂极性对柚木试样的色差的影响,然后再对抽提完的试样进行氙光光照处理,通过色差的分析探究不同溶剂抽提对柚木光诱导变色的影响。【结果】1)混合溶剂苯-乙醇抽提后抽提物溶液的颜色最深,极性溶剂抽提出的显色物质含量较多。2)柚木试样经抽提后可以增加柚木的明度色品指数L^*,尤其是2:1的混合溶剂苯-乙醇抽提后L^*增大最为显著,抽提的更完全。3)光照苯-乙醇抽提后的柚木试样,其红绿色品指数a^*增加较少,说明苯-乙醇抽提物是主要柚木试样呈现红色的物质基础。4)苯-乙醇抽提后b^*值减小较多抽提试样光照后b^*值反而增加较多,这表明苯-乙醇抽提掉的物质有可能就是木质素,木质素部分被苯-乙醇混合溶剂抽提出来,抽提后光照作用下木质素更容易降解呈现出更多的黄色。【结论】溶剂抽提处理和光照处理,对柚木材色都有显著的影响。不仅苯-乙醇混合溶剂抽提处理对柚木材色影响较多,而且苯-乙醇混合溶剂抽提试样在进一步光照处理后材色变化也很大,其中2:1的苯-乙醇溶剂是最为合适的用于研究柚木光变色成分变化的溶剂。 相似文献
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介绍国内外柚木遗传改良工作的基本情况,分析了柚木原产地及云南引进的柚木种源特点。对红河州引进保存的来自世界柚木分布区8个引种国家126个种源的试验情况进行了评价。依据柚木的生态学特性、发展前景及红河州的自然特点,提出了柚木的改良目标、方向、策略、途径及程序,提出柚木应适地、适树、适种源,因地制宜地加以集约栽培,柚木人工林的经济效益才会最大,才能在适宜栽培范围内得到发展。 相似文献
4.
Log Characteristics and Sawn Timber Recovery of Home-Garden Teak from Wet and Dry Localities of Kerala, India 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
There is a widely held view among smallholders that teak timber produced from small-scale agroforestry systems, especially
home-garden forestry, fetches a lower price than that from conventional plantation forestry. To examine the veracity of this
view, the wood quality attributes of teak from two home gardens in the district of Ernakulam (wet site) and Palakkad (dry
site) in India were compared to those of forest plantation in Nilambur. The logs were graded using standard timber trade practices
into high, medium and low quality as determined by the potential sawn timber grade-yield recovery pattern. Of 96 home garden
teak logs (aged 35 years) from wet and dry sites, 59% belonged to timber Grade II–IV and the rest were classified as poles.
Grade I logs (export quality) with a girth above 150 cm were not available from either of the homesteads. Faster-grown teak
in the wet site produced large diameter logs (dbh 1.37 m) with average diameter of 39.6 cm, which is comparable to that of
best site quality in India. In contrast, the average dbh for teak grown in the dry site was 24 cm as compared to the average
dbh of 31 cm recorded from the same aged forest plantation in Nilambur. It was found that only 10% of logs belonged to Grade
II timber and the rest fell under grades III and IV with more frequent visual defects. The sawn timber recovery percentage
was lower for the dry site (66.8%), whereas there was no significant difference in grade from the wet and forest plantation
sites, with recovery rates of 76.5% and 78.8%, respectively. The general notion that home garden teak has a large proportion
of sapwood seems to be baseless, no significant difference being found between the heartwood-sapwood ratio of home-garden
and forest plantation teak. Lack of appropriate silvicultural practices in home-garden forestry caused the production of more
defective logs, adversely affecting the market price of timber.
相似文献
Puthenpurayil Kumaran ThulasidasEmail: |
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Iis Yuningsih Istie Sekartining Rahayu Dumasari Lumongga 《Wood material science & engineering》2020,15(4):229-236
ABSTRACT The quality of finished wood products depends on the quality of its coating layer. An important indicator for evaluating the quality is Adherence of the paint on the wood surface. The purpose of this research was to analyze the effect of wood surface roughness and the viscosity of acrylic paints (pure acrylic and acrylic copolymer) to the wettability and Adherence for long and short rotation teaks. Wood surface with various degrees of roughness was prepared by sanding with abrasive papers of P120, P240, and P360 grits. Different viscosity of the acrylic paints was prepared composition between paint and water (w/w) of 100:0, 90:10, 80:20, and 70:30. The wettability of the acrylic paints on teak wood surfaces was measured using a sessile drop contact angle method with the S/G model. Adherence of the coating layer was measured using a crosscut test. The results showed that the increase in the roughness (Ra) and the decrease in the viscosity of the paints resulted in the increase in the wettability which leads to better Adherence of acrylic paints on the surface of teak woods. The pure acrylic paint generated better wettability and Adherence compared to the acrylic copolymer. 相似文献
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We compared morphological and genetic attributes of prog-eny obtained from three seed production areas (SPAs) and three corre-sponding unimproved stands (UIS) of teak (Tectona grandis L.f) at three bro... 相似文献
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Vindhya Prasad Tewari K. M. Mariswamy A. N. Arunkumar 《Journal of Sustainable Forestry》2013,32(3):213-229
Tectona grandis (teak) is one of the most important timber species worldwide and India is one of the major teak growing countries. Though some volume equations were developed in the past in India, merchantable volume equations (any top diameter or bole length) are not available. Moreover, the models developed were neither quantitatively and qualitatively evaluated nor validated with independent data sets. Hence, the objective of this study was to develop appropriate volume equations to predict total tree volume and merchantable volume for teak in Karnataka. Linear and non-linear equations were used to model the relationship of the volume with respect to diameter at breast height (dbh) and total height. Merchantable volume equations for estimating merchantable volume to any minimum top diameter or bole length have also been constructed. The equations tested mostly fitted well to the data. Other models developed elsewhere tended to underestimate the volume, especially at dbh ≥ 23 cm. The geometric cylinder volume equation, in combination with a stem form factor of .40, is widely used for teak in Karnataka but they were found to be less precise compared to regression equations when applied to the present data set. Model validation indicated that models should be calibrated with local data for greater accuracy in the prediction. 相似文献
9.
In this presentation,we report on de novo and axillary shoot regeneration and rooting of shoots maintained over a long term,from cultures of Tectona grandis L.Shoot-tips of teak shoots forced from epicormic buds were used as the starting material for axenic shoot-culture establishment.Long term maintenance of such axenic shoot cultures was carried out by regular sub-culturing on MS media supplemented with N 6-benzyleadenine (BA,8.8 μmol L-1) and indole-3-butyric acid (IBA,2 μmol L-1) for 24 months.Vigorously growing shoot tips (2 3 cm long) were inoculated on the MS basal medium supplemented with different concentrations (0,1,2,4,6,8 or 10 μmol L-1) of either IBA or α-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) for rooting.Axillary and de novo shoots were developed from axillary and cut basal ends of shoots,respectively.Shoots growing on auxins were further sub-cultured (every 15 days) and maintained for 45 days.The greatest number of de novo (5.06) as well as axillary shoots (2.85) was observed on the MS medium supplemented with 10 μmol L-1 NAA or 8 μmol L-1 IBA,respectively,after 45 days.The combinations of both IBA (μmol L-1) + NAA (μmol L-1) were tested at different concentrations (4 + 4,6 + 6,8 + 8) supplemented to a half strength MS basal medium with 0.1% activated charcoal for rooting of decapitated and non-decapitated de novo and axillary shoots.Rooting from non-decapitated de novo shoots was highest (93.33%) with a mean number of roots of 4.61 on this medium,supplemented with 6 μmol L-1 IBA + 6 μmol L-1 NAA,after 36 days of initial culture.Individual auxin,however,was not effective for root induction.Rooted shoots were acclimatized in a green house and after four weeks plantlets were transferred to the field. 相似文献
10.
The improvement of wood surface wettability can clearly improve bonding properties, as well as enhance physical and mechanical
properties of wood composites. In our investigation, the microwave plasma (MWP) technique was adopted to treat the surface
of common teak. The treatment effect was evaluated by measuring the contact angles of liquids and calculating the free surface
energy. The results show that the modification effect improved when the sample was located 120 mm from the resonance cavity,
rather than at 80 mm. A MWP treatment over a short span of time is useful to lower the contact angles and improve the surface
wettability considerably. The range of decreasing contact angles, tested by water, could reach 74% at a distance of 120 mm.
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Translated from Journal of Northeast Forestry University, 2007, 35(12): 31–33 [译自: 东北林业大学学报] 相似文献