氮沉降对城市森林凋落物养分元素含量及其耦合性的影响

目前,氮沉降增加呈现全球化趋势,影响森林生态系统生物地球化学循环过程,已成为生态和环境研究的热点内容之一。为探讨氮沉降增加对城市森林凋落物养分含量的影响,进一步认识城市森林养分循环过程,为区域城市化进程的生态风险评估提供科学依据,本研究以安徽省合肥市蜀山国家森林公园凋落物为研究对象,在连续3年模拟氮沉降实验后（氮添加设置3种水平,分别为对照组：0 kg·hm^-2·a^-1、CK;低氮：50 kg·hm^-2·a^-1、LN;高氮：100 kg·hm^-2·a^-1、HN）,研究氮沉降对城市森林凋落物（枝叶果碎）养分元素含量及其耦合性的影响。结果表明：（1）不同施氮水平下,凋落果内CK与HN中C元素含量,凋落叶中CK与LN、碎中LN与HN两组中N元素含量差异显著（P＜0.05）。（2）凋落物不同组分间,N沉降显著影响Ca元素含量（P＜0.05）,对C元素含量无显著影响;凋落枝组分间K含量差异显著（P＜0.05）,凋落叶与其他各组间N含量差异显著（P＜0.05）,凋落果与其他各组间P含量差异显著（P＜0.05）;凋落叶与凋落果间Mg元素差异显著。（3）N沉降对各组分间的C/N、C/P、N/P等生态化学计量比无显著性影响,但对凋落叶、凋落果中C/N值有显著抑制作用（P＜0.05）。（4）N沉降显著影响C、N间相关性及Ca、Mg间相关性,且均表现为LN显著增强相关性,HN显著抑制相关性;N沉降显著增强了P、K间的相关性,而显著降低了K与Ca、Mg的相关性。（5）N沉降对C/N与N/P、C/P与N/P间的耦合性有显著影响,且均表现为LN显著增强生态化学计量比间的耦合性,HN显著降低二者耦合性。研究结果为城市森林凋落物养分循环过程对N 沉降的响应提供了理论依据。     

姜黄素对不同品种肉鸡体脂沉积的作用及机理研究

以AA肉鸡和皖江黄鸡（公鸡）为对象,探讨了日粮中添加150 mg/kg、250 mg/kg、350 mg/kg的姜黄素对其体脂沉积的影响及作用机理。结果显示,添加250 mg/kg、350 mg/kg姜黄素显著地降低了AA肉鸡和皖江黄鸡腹脂率（P〈0.05）、肝脂率（P〈0.05）,皮下脂肪厚度（P〈0.05）;腹脂中激素敏感脂酶活性增强（P〈0.05）,苹果酸脱氢酶活性降低（P〈0.05）;肝脏中PPARαmRNA水平呈增加的趋势（P〉0.05）,PPARγ和MDH mRNA水平呈降低的趋势（P〉0.05）。上述结果提示姜黄素可能通过调控PPARα、PPARγ、MDHmRNA表达来影响肉鸡脂肪的沉积。     

子牙新河入海口区的淤积及冲刷对海管登陆点选择的影响

针对天津南港工业区兴建及渤西油气处理厂迁建项目新建海底管道路由及登陆点选择的需要,利用数值模型对大区域（整个渤海）开展水动力数值模拟,进而推求小区域（渤海湾）的边界潮位,对小区域开展水动力数值模拟,同时引入泥沙输运模型,对渤海湾的泥沙运动进行数值模拟,最终获得子牙新河入海口区域行洪条件下泥沙的冲刷、淤积规律。分析得出：海底管道在子牙新河入海口区域登陆是可行性的,但其路由及登陆点应远离冲刷深度大于1m的区域,基于此提出了两种推荐方案。（表1,图3,参5）     

大气干湿沉降向城市系统输入重金属元素通量特征研究——以沈阳市为例

[目的]探讨大气干湿沉降向城市系统输入重金属元素通量特征.[方法]根据沈阳市不同行政区采样点重金属元素沉降通量,分析沈阳市不同行政区重金属大气干湿沉降污染的空间分布特征.[结果]在不同的采样点,大气干湿沉降中元素的年沉降通量差异较大,但其在沈阳市不同行政区分布规律大致相同.Cd、Pb、Hg的年沉降通量在各地区的分布分别表现为：铁西区＞皇姑区＞沈河区＞和平区＞大东区＞东陵（浑南）区＞于洪区,铁西区＞沈河区＞皇姑区＞和平区＞东陵区＞于洪区＞大东区＞浑南区,铁西区＞沈河区＞皇姑区＞和平区＞大东（东陵）区＞于洪（浑南）区.大气降尘污染的空间分布与污染源地域分布具有一致性,即工业区＞商业区或交通区＞文化区＞居民区＞郊区.[结论]该研究为大气干湿沉降污染的控制与治理提供了理论参考.     

沿海地区海盐沉降对酸性土壤的影响

The characteristics of sea.salt deposition and its impact on acid soils in maritime regions are reviewed. It is pointed out that studies involving the impact of sea.salt deposition on acid soils have been concentrated on short-term effects on soil and water acidification. A deep consideration of long-term effects on soil acidification in maritime regions is still needed.     

Significant Nitrogen by Sulfur Interactions Occurred for Canola Grain Production and Oil Concentration in Grain on Sandy Soils in the Mediterranean-Type Climate of Southwestern Australia

The nitrogen (N) by sulfur (S) interaction for canola (Brassica napus L.) grain production and oil concentration in grain has been quantified in temperate climates, but it is not known if these results also apply to sandy soils common in the Mediterranean-type climate of southwestern Australia where canola is now a major crop. Seventeen field experiments were undertaken with canola in the region during 1994 to 2005 in which 4 rates of both N (0–138 kg N/ha) and S (0–34 kg S/ha) were applied. Significant grain yield responses to applied N occurred in all experiments and the responses increased as more S was applied. Grain yield responses to applied S only occurred when N was applied and tended to increase as more N was applied. When no S was applied the two largest rates of N applied, 69 and 138 kg N/ha, induced S deficiency reducing grain yields. The oil concentration in grain tended to decrease as more N was applied and increased as more S was applied, particularly when the two largest rates of N were applied. Consequently significant N × S interactions were obtained in all experiments for grain production and in 15 experiments for oil concentration in grain.     

INFLUENCE OF NITROGEN AND SULFUR ON YIELD AND SEED QUALITY OF THREE CANOLA CULTIVARS

In order to investigate the effect of nitrogen (N) and sulfur (S) fertilizers on yield and seed quality of three canola cultivars, a factorial based on randomized complete block experiment was conducted during 2005–2006 in Iran. Treatments included four nitrogen rates (0, 75, 150, and 225 kg N ha^?1 source of urea), four sulfur rates (0, 100, 200, and 300 kg S ha^?1), and three cultivars (‘Pf’, ‘Option-500’, and ‘Hyola-401’). Results indicated cultivar had a significant effect on all studied traits. ‘Option-500’ and ‘Hyola-401’ cultivars had the highest seed yield, protein content, and N:S ratio in seed. The levels of 150 and 220 kg N ha^?1 resulted in the maximum protein content. Increasing N levels resulted in N content and decreased the oil content. The interaction effect between S and N levels showed the highest N content in seed was obtained with 300 kg S ha^?1 and 225 kg N ha^?1.     

Kruppel样因子15对脂肪沉积和肌纤维类型的影响及其可能机制

Kruppel样因子15(KLF15)是一种新发现的Kruppel样因子家族(KLFs)成员,为一种真核锌指蛋白转录因子。KLF15在动物体内呈现多组织表达特性,该基因过表达能促进动物脂肪沉积,且能影响肉质性状候选基因和Ⅰ型肌纤维基因的表达。因此,深入研究KLF15对脂肪沉积和肌纤维类型的影响及其可能机制,将为改善动物肉品质提供新的思路。本文综述了KLF15的发现、结构特征、表达规律及其与脂肪沉积和Ⅰ型肌纤维之间的关系。     

有机硫影响稻田土壤甲基汞的产生

为了探讨有机硫化合物在无机汞甲基化过程中所起的作用,以泉州市某企业周边的汞污染稻田土壤为试验材料,以还原型谷胱甘肽为有机硫,采用室内土壤模拟试验的方法,研究了3个浓度(0、500、1 000 mg·kg~(-1))的有机硫施加对土壤中汞甲基化及甲基汞生物有效性的影响。结果表明:和对照组相比,谷胱甘肽添加显著提高了土壤中铁、锰的溶出以及土壤中可溶性碳的含量。此外,谷胱甘肽施用也显著提高了土壤中甲基汞的产生和甲基汞的溶出,对土壤固相中甲基汞的增加率为87.36%～212.48%,对土壤溶液中甲基汞的增加率为4 380.00%～5 890.30%。相关性分析和逐步回归模型表明,土壤中可溶性铁的含量是影响汞甲基化和甲基汞生物有效性的关键因子。研究表明,有机硫促进了汞甲基化,有机硫化合物影响汞甲基化过程不只是有机硫和汞的络合作用,土壤中铁、锰氧化物所起的作用也不容忽视。     

东北黑土有机硫矿化动力学特征及其影响因素

利用开放培养系统分别在20℃和30℃条件下,研究了不同地区(北安、海伦、公主岭)黑土和黑土在不同施肥条件下有机硫的矿化特征。结果表明:在好气培养条件下,黑土有机硫累积矿化量随培养时间的增加不断增加,两者之间的数量关系遵从一级动力学模式,前4周的矿化量占14周矿化总量的50%~62%。公主岭黑土有机硫的供硫潜力最大,且矿化速率快,供硫强度较北安、海伦高。温度越高土壤有机硫矿化势值越大,矿化化学反应速率常数也越大,半衰期越短。长期肥料定位试验地土壤有机硫的矿化势依次为施用有机肥(M)>有机肥+NPK(MNPK)>NPK(NPK)>未施肥(CK),表明施用有机肥可提高土壤供硫潜力。可见,施用有机肥对维持黑土有机硫肥力具有重要作用。