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1.
针对传统土壤样本采集操作复杂、劳动强度大、采集精度低和缺乏信息化管理的问题,设计了一种车载智能土壤采样系统。该系统安装于无人驾驶采样车上,系统包括土壤样本自动采集装置和电气控制系统。对系统整个工作过程进行分析,确定了各关键机构及控制硬件的主要工作参数。电气控制系统以运动控制器为控制核心,土壤样本自动采集装置对不同深度范围的土样进行采集,并按地理位置信息分类收集,通过RFID读写器将GPS系统定位所解算的目标采样点的经纬度地理信息和采样深度等信息写入收集土样采样筒底部的电子标签中。性能试验表明,安装于无人驾驶采样车的车载智能土壤采样系统工作运行稳定、可靠,能够对农耕层0~200mm任意深度范围的土壤进行自动分层采样,效率高、精度高、全程自动化,能够按照位置信息进行分类管理,较好地满足了智能化高质量采集土样的需求。 相似文献
2.
高光谱成像快速检测壳聚糖涂膜草莓可溶性固形物 总被引:7,自引:6,他引:1
为了对壳聚糖涂膜草莓可溶性固形物含量(soluble solids content, SSC)进行快速检测,该文采用高光谱成像仪(400~1 000 nm)对0,0.5%,1%浓度的壳聚糖(chitosan, CTS)涂膜草莓分别储藏1,2,4 d后进行成像,并测量样本SSC。通过分析SSC发现,0.5%和1%壳聚糖涂膜草莓,其SSC随着储藏天数的增加均高于0浓度壳聚糖涂膜草莓,说明了0.5%和1%壳聚糖涂层抑制了草莓中SSC的降低,能够延长草莓的新鲜口味。随后采用蒙特卡罗-偏最小二乘法(monte carlo-partial least squares, MCPLS)对异常样本进行剔除。对剔除异常样本后的光谱数据进行不同预处理,以确定最优的预处理方法。为提高运行速度和降低数据维数,采用竞争性自适应权重取样法(competitive adaptive reweighted sampling, CARS)和连续投影算法(successive projections algorithm, SPA)进行特征波段选择。最后,采用偏最小二乘回归(partial least square regression, PLSR)和支持向量回归(support vector regression, SVR)法建立回归模型。最终结果表明:SPA-SVR模型效果最佳,0浓度的壳聚糖涂膜的草莓,建模集精度Rc2为0.865,预测集精度Rv2为0.835;0.5%浓度的壳聚糖涂膜的草莓,建模集精度Rc2为0.808,预测集精度Rv2为0.799;1%浓度的壳聚糖涂膜的草莓,建模集精度Rc2为0.834,预测集精度Rv2为0.875。对储藏第4天的部分样本图像进行主成分分析(principal component analysis, PCA),结果显示除第二主成分图像(PC2)中有部分噪声影响外,PC1和PC3均能完整反映草莓信息,且PC3图像明显呈现出不同浓度壳聚糖涂膜草莓的褐变程度,说明不同浓度的壳聚糖涂膜也会对草莓货架期产生不同影响。综上说明利用高光谱成像技术可以实现壳聚糖涂膜草莓SSC快速检测,有效指导草莓保鲜处理。 相似文献
3.
Heritability and genetic correlations between rumination time and production traits in Holstein dairy cows during different lactation phases 下载免费PDF全文
Riccardo Moretti Marcos Paulo Gonçalves de Rezende Stefano Biffani Riccardo Bozzi 《Zeitschrift für Tierzüchtung und Züchtungsbiologie》2018,135(4):293-299
So far, rumination has been used as a proxy for monitoring dairy cow health at farm level. However, investigating its genetic aspects as well as its correlation with other important productive traits may turn this management tool into a new informative selection criterion. However, scientific evidences on genetic correlation among rumination time (RT) and milk production and milk composition are still scarce. Therefore, the objective of this study was to estimate the heritability of RT across three lactation phases and its genetic correlation with milk production, milk composition and somatic cell count (SCC). Results of our study showed that heritability for RT was 0.34 and was constant across lactation. The mean genetic correlations between RT and milk production and composition traits were 0.07 (milk production), ?0.07 (protein yield), ?0.31 (fat yield), and ?0.32 (fat/protein ratio). The mean genetic correlation between RT and the SCC was 0.05. 相似文献
4.
对湖南省靖州县1~20年生桃园桃红颈天牛幼虫平均密度和桃树受害率进行系统调查,应用5种聚集度指标法和2种回归模型法,比较了不同树龄桃红颈天牛幼虫空间分布型的差异。结果表明:1~2年生幼龄桃树基本不受桃红颈天牛危害,3年以上挂果后的桃树开始受到侵害;随着树龄的增加,桃树受害率和桃红颈天牛虫口平均密度显著增加,19~20年生桃树受害率达90%以上,平均虫口密度超过2头/株;桃红颈天牛在桃园中呈聚集分布,具有密度依赖性,即随种群密度升高,聚集程度增大,3~15年生桃园桃红颈天牛均呈聚集分布,基本成分是个体群,个体间相互吸引;16~17年生桃园桃红颈天牛空间分布型趋向于随机分布或均匀分布;19~20年生桃园桃园桃红颈天牛均呈聚集分布,此时分布的基本成分均为个体,个体呈现相互排斥现象。应用桃红颈天牛幼虫种群的空间分布信息,建立了不同树龄桃园桃红颈天牛幼虫种群的抽样公式。根据理论抽样公式,桃红颈天牛虫口密度越小,抽样数量较多,而在虫口密度较高的情况下抽样数量则较少。根据序贯抽样公式,可将3~20年生桃园抽样样本数量划分成6个区段:3~4年生桃园;5~6年生桃园;7~8年生桃园;9~13年生和19~20年生桃园;14~15年生桃园;16~18年生桃园。 相似文献
5.
基于激光雷达的巡检机器人导航系统研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
智能巡检机器人能够高效、可靠地完成巡检任务,降低工作人员的劳动强度,准确、稳定的导航定位是巡检机器人执行巡检任务的基础。本文研究了基于激光雷达的巡检机器人导航系统,可实现机器人在室内外环境下的地图建立、路径规划和导航定位。导航系统由远程监控平台与巡检机器人组成,远程监控平台发布巡检任务、监控机器人状态、查询与存储检测数据,巡检机器人可实现自主导航定位、遍历检测点、执行数据采集等巡检任务,二者通过无线网络实现远程数据交互。融合激光雷达与编码器信息,使用高鲁棒性Gmapping算法建立二维环境地图。根据地图与检测点信息,采用分支界定算法搜索最优巡检路线,以减少巡检时间和能源消耗。使用自适应蒙特卡罗定位(AMCL)算法估计机器人位置和姿态,结合巡检路线,进行导航定位。根据横向偏差与航向偏差,通过经典的PID算法完成机器人驱动控制。机器人搭载可见光相机与红外相机,可对目标进行可见光通道与红外通道的融合图像检测。对巡检机器人进行了室内导航定位试验,试验结果表明,在1 m/s的速度下,位置与航向偏差的平均绝对误差(MAE)分别小于5 cm和1.1°,标准差(SD)分别小于5 cm和1.5°,能够满足巡检导航定位的要求。 相似文献
6.
Impact of sampling and storage technique,and duration of storage,on the composition of fresh grass when analysed using near‐infrared reflectance spectroscopy 下载免费PDF全文
The objective of this study was to examine the effect of sampling technique (pluck or cut), storage duration (immediate analysis, 24‐h or 48‐h), storage temperature (ambient or chilled) and storage conditions (air present, air excluded or breathable) on the composition of fresh grass sampled from a sward managed to simulate grazing. Treatments were repeated across four sampling dates, with grass samples stored in grip seal bags prior to analysis using near‐infrared reflectance spectroscopy. Grass sampled by ‘pluck’ had a higher crude protein and ME content, and a lower acid detergent fibre (ADF) content, compared to that sampled by ‘cut’. Grass stored for 48 h had a lower water soluble carbohydrate (WSC) and ME content and a higher ADF content than for immediate analysis. Samples stored for 24 h did not differ from immediate analysis. Grass stored at ambient temperature had a lower WSC and ME content compared to immediate analysis. Grass stored under ‘breathable’ conditions had a lower ME content and higher ADF content than immediate analysis or samples stored with air present or air excluded. It is recommended that grass for analysis should be sampled by cutting, stored chilled (4°C) in a sealed bag to minimize exposure to oxygen and analysed within 24 h of harvest. 相似文献
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Information on crop acreage is important for formulating national food polices and economic planning.Spatial sampling,a combination of traditional sampling methods and remote sensing and geographic information system(GIS)technology,provides an efficient way to estimate crop acreage at the regional scale.Traditional sampling methods require that the sampling units should be independent of each other,but in practice there is often spatial autocorrelation among crop acreage contained in the sampling units.In this study,using Dehui County in Jilin Province,China,as the study area,we used a thematic crop map derived from Systeme Probatoire d’Observation de la Terre(SPOT-5)imagery,cultivated land plots and digital elevation model data to explore the spatial autocorrelation characteristics among maize and rice acreage included in sampling units of different sizes,and analyzed the effects of different stratification criteria on the level of spatial autocorrelation of the two crop acreages within the sampling units.Moran’s I,a global spatial autocorrelation index,was used to evaluate the spatial autocorrelation among the two crop acreages in this study.The results showed that although the spatial autocorrelation level among maize and rice acreages within the sampling units generally decreased with increasing sampling unit size,there was still a significant spatial autocorrelation among the two crop acreages included in the sampling units(Moran’s I varied from 0.49 to 0.89),irrespective of the sampling unit size.When the sampling unit size was less than3 000 m,the stratification design that used crop planting intensity(CPI)as the stratification criterion,with a stratum number of 5 and a stratum interval of 20%decreased the spatial autocorrelation level to almost zero for the maize and rice area included in sampling units within each stratum.Therefore,the traditional sampling methods can be used to estimate the two crop acreages.Compared with CPI,there was still a strong spatial correlation among the two crop acreages included in the sampling units belonging to each stratum when cultivated land fragmentation and ground slope were used as stratification criterion.As far as the selection of stratification criteria and sampling unit size is concerned,this study provides a basis for formulating a reasonable spatial sampling scheme to estimate crop acreage. 相似文献
10.
Invertebrate drift is one of several fundamental ecological processes in streams. However, little is known about the dynamics of invertebrate drift in Kenyan streams. In this study, we assessed invertebrate drift in two rivers, i.e. Njoro and Kamweti, that differ in the level of anthropogenic disturbances, between February and March, 2016. The aim was to evaluate the effect of river sampling duration (5, 10, 15, 20 and 25 min) and sampling period (day or night) on invertebrate drift densities. The 5-minute sampling period resulted in significantly higher mean drift densities than the other time intervals in both rivers. The highest mean drift density (2.0 ± 0.9 individuals m?3) was recorded at the Njoro River during the day, whereas the lowest drift density (0.3 ± 0.2 individuals m?3) was recorded at the Kamweti River during the day. A strong nocturnal drift pattern was noted at the less disturbed river (Kamweti). The present results suggest that anthropogenic perturbations influence invertebrate drift densities, and sampling duration and sampling period are important factors to consider when sampling invertebrate drift. 相似文献