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1.
任军  石遥  刘方  田蓉  刘兴 《草业学报》2021,30(8):86-97
为明确锰矿废渣堆场重金属污染及优势草本植物重金属吸收特征,对贵州省典型锰矿废渣堆场的重金属污染风险进行了评价,并调查研究了锰矿废渣堆场草本植物的类群及重金属吸收特征。共采集优势草本植物18种,隶属11科18属,菊科和禾本科为优势科。对18种草本植物体地上部、地下部及其生长基质中Cr、Ni、Cu、Zn、Cd、Pb和Mn 7种重金属元素进行了测定,结果显示,锰矿废渣堆场重金属污染空间变异较大,Mn污染最严重,其次是Cd,属于Mn、Cd复合型污染。计算了草本植物对7种重金属元素的富集系数、转运系数,并对18种草本植物进行了聚类分析,综合分析了草本植物重金属吸收特征,结果显示,看麦娘对Cd富集系数达22.49,对Cd有较强的富集能力;五节芒、商陆对Cr、Ni具有较强的富集能力和转运能力;风毛菊和夏枯草对锰矿废渣区多种重金属均表现出较强的富集能力和转运能力。研究结果表明,锰矿废渣堆场主要为Mn和Cd污染,矿区本土自然生长的优势草本植物可作为生态修复的首选植物。  相似文献   
2.
本试验旨在研究在湖羊全混合颗粒料中添加不同类型蛋氨酸(蛋氨酸钙盐与蛋氨酸羟基类似物异丙酯)对湖羊生长性能及血清生化指标、抗氧化指标和激素含量的影响。选取体重为(19.99±2.04) kg的健康湖羊72只,随机分为3组:对照组、试验Ⅰ组(在基础饲粮中添加1.5 kg/t蛋氨酸钙盐)和试验Ⅱ组(在基础饲粮中添加1.5 kg/t蛋氨酸羟基类似物异丙酯),每组6个重复,每个重复4只(公母各占1/2)。预试期7 d,正试期80 d。结果表明:1)与对照组相比,试验Ⅰ组、试验Ⅱ组总增重、平均日增重均有上升的趋势,其中试验Ⅰ组总增重提高了12.8%(P>0.05),试验Ⅱ组总增重提高了3.1%(P>0.05);料重比方面,试验Ⅰ组、试验Ⅱ组均有下降的趋势,其中试验Ⅰ组下降了12.2%(P>0.05),试验Ⅱ组下降了3.6%(P>0.05)。2)试验Ⅱ组血清甘油三酯(TG)、总胆固醇(TCH)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、总蛋白(TP)含量显著高于对照组和试验Ⅰ组(P <0.05)。3)血清抗氧化指标及激素含量各组之间无显著差异(P>0.05)。综上所述,全混合颗粒料中添加蛋氨酸羟基类似物异丙酯及蛋氨酸钙盐具有提高肉羊生长速度、降低料重比的趋势,同时影响部分血清生化指标,但对血清抗氧化指标及激素含量无显著影响。  相似文献   
3.
  1. The Juan Fernandez Ridge, a vulnerable marine ecosystem located far off the coast of central Chile and formed by several seamounts, guyots and three islands (Robinson Crusoe, Santa Clara and Alejandro Selkirk), has recently been declared a Coastal Marine Protected Area of Multiple Uses with several National Parks embedded in it.
  2. Recent studies have highlighted the influence of remote and local oceanographic structures on the hydrographic dynamics of this ridge. However, there is still a gap in understanding how they affect the structure and dynamics of the surrounding insular planktonic communities.
  3. A hydroacoustic and oceanographic survey was conducted during the austral spring (October 2016), including hydrographic and zooplankton sampling around Robinson Crusoe Island. Oceanographic features were identified and tracked using satellite data (chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) and sea surface temperature) and modelling results.
  4. Two events of Chl-a increase relative to a threshold (>0.45 mg m−3) were forced by different physical processes, both affecting the western side of Robinson Crusoe Island. In event A during the cruise period, Chl-a subsurface maxima were associated with the arrival of a coastal meander originating on the continental shelf off Chile (remote process); the zooplankton was dominated by copepods and salps, with an evident coastal–oceanic gradient. In event B, Chl-a maxima were linked to a local upwelling forced by the intensification of a localized SSW wind. No influence of remote eddies or local Von Kármán vortices on Chl-a distribution was observed.
  5. These findings highlight the influence of remote and local physical processes on the structure of planktonic communities around Robinson Crusoe Island. Understanding the variability of these mechanisms and their effects at the base of the pelagic food web is critical in adopting an ecosystem-level approach.
  相似文献   
4.
LIU Zhaogang 《干旱区科学》2021,13(11):1089-1102
Drylands refer to regions with an aridity index lower than 0.65, and billions of people depend on services provided by the critically important ecosystems in these areas. How ecosystem carbon exchange in global drylands (CED) occurs and how climate change affects CED are critical to the global carbon cycle. Here, we performed a comprehensive bibliometric study on the fields of annual publications, marked journals, marked institutions, marked countries, popular keywords, and their temporal evolution to understand the temporal trends of CED research over the past 30 a (1991-2020). We found that the annual scientific publications on CED research increased significantly at an average growth rate of 7.93%. Agricultural Water Management ranked first among all journals and had the most citations. The ten most productive institutions were centered on drylands in America, China, and Australia that had the largest number and most citations of publications on CED research. "Climate change" and climate-related (such as "drought", "precipitation", "temperature", and "rainfall") research were found to be the most popular study areas. Keywords were classified into five clusters, indicating the five main research focuses on CED studies: hydrological cycle, effects of climate change, carbon and water balance, productivity, and carbon-nitrogen-phosphorous coupling cycles. The temporal evolution of keywords further showed that the areas of focus on CED studies were transformed from classical pedology and agricultural research to applied ecology and then to global change ecological research over the past 30 a. In future CED studies, basic themes (such as "water", "yield", and "salinity") and motor themes (such as "climate change", "sustainability", and "remote sensing") will be the focus of research on CED. In particular, multiple integrated methods to understand climate change and ecosystem sustainability are potential new research trends and hotspots.  相似文献   
5.
冯磊  徐得潜 《水土保持通报》2021,41(3):193-199,217
[目的] 研究建筑小区海绵城市优化设计模型,为建筑小区海绵城市设计与建设提供有益支撑。[方法] 在探讨外排径流系数、径流污染与海绵设施基础上,以年费用最小和径流污染削减率最大为目标函数,应用非线性规划建立建筑小区海绵城市双层耦合优化模型,并以合肥市某区域海绵城市建设为例,分析验证该模型有效性。[结果] 优化后,A小区、B小区与C小区的外排径流分别为0.257,0.268,0.303;总成本为1.11×107元,年费用为9.87×105元;径流污染削减率为70.06%,与原设计方案相比,其经济效益和环境效益均有明显提高。[结论] 双层耦合优化模型应用于建筑小区海绵城市设计,能有效降低年费用,提高径流污染削减率,使海绵城市设计与建设更加合理。  相似文献   
6.
  1. The expansion and intensification of marine uses have severe cumulative impacts on marine ecosystems and human well-being, unless they are properly managed with an ecosystem-based management approach.
  2. A systematic conservation planning approach, using marxan with zones , was applied to generate alternative marine spatial plans for the Aegean Sea. Relevant human uses were included and their cumulative impact on a wide set of key biodiversity features was considered in the analysis. Different cost scenarios were developed to gain insight on the effects of the approaches used to assess socio-economic factors, and their potential impact on spatial plans.
  3. The spatial plans generated differed greatly depending on the method used to estimate opportunity costs and evaluate human activities in monetary terms.
  4. The vulnerability weights (the relative vulnerability of ecological features to specific human activities and their impacts) that were estimated based on a cumulative impact assessment, allowed the assessment of each zone in contributing to the achievement of conservation targets, through a transparent planning approach.
  5. Results indicate that special care should be given to how socio-economic activities, their impact on the ecosystems, and related costs are incorporated into planning.
  6. The proposed approach demonstrates how EU member states may effectively comply with the new Biodiversity Strategy 2030 targets, while planning for the sustainable use of their marine resources.
  相似文献   
7.
  1. For Rapa Nui (Easter Island) and its largest islet, Motu Nui, the change of the species assemblage over time was analysed, and a trait-based approach to evaluate the potential losses in seabird function across the past centuries was applied. At a finer scale, the seasonal changes in seabird species composition in the current seabird assemblage was assessed to better understand the dynamics of the long-term inferred patterns.
  2. For Rapa Nui, the composition of the seabird assemblage between the prehistorical, historical, and current time has changed significantly. The most critical change, probably associated with human colonization, was observed between prehistoric and current times. The current diminished number of nesting seabird species was probably the result of local extirpation without evidence of colonization by new species.
  3. For Motu Nui, changes in species composition were also followed by changes in trait structure, which were smaller than observed in Rapa Nui. This is probably due to the presence of a relatively high number of related species (i.e. Procellariids) with high similarities in their foraging behaviour.
  4. The nesting seabird assemblages in Rapa Nui and Motu Nui differ in exposure to risk; thus, conservation strategies applied to the islands should be planned on a fine spatial scale. For Rapa Nui, which is an urban wildlife area with several invasive species and a low number of remaining native seabird species, management should focus on fencing and pets control. For Motu Nui, management should instead focus on the establishment of quarantine and other biosecurity tools to avoid both the entry and proliferation of new invasive species.
  相似文献   
8.
通过对湖北省孝感市、黄冈市和咸宁市农村留守老人进行调查,分析影响留守老人养老满意度的因素和养老方式的选择,研究发现:自我养老和子女养老仍是留守老人主要的养老方式;留守老人缺少代际照料,以自我照料为主;经济创造能力和健康状况是影响农村留守老人养老的重要内部因素,社区服务和养老保险是重要的外部因素.破除他们的养老困境,需要在居家养老的基础上积极开展社区服务,鼓励农村发展多重养老方式,重视农村养老保险对留守老人的科学分档,提倡孝文化.  相似文献   
9.
黑龙江垦区农村居民点与田块间适宜耕作半径及影响因素   总被引:2,自引:2,他引:0  
为探明黑龙江垦区农村居民点的适宜耕作半径及主要影响因素,该文以黑龙江农垦总局建三江管理局所辖八五九农场为研究区,以农场内的农村居民点为研究对象,利用2010年国土资源第二次调查矢量数据库,通过空间分析和多元线性回归的方法,进行了定量化的研究。研究结果表明:研究区内各个管理区的适宜耕作半径均值是5 055 m,耕作半径的最大、最小值分别为7 438和3 265 m;平均耕作半径对应农机出行时间为20 min,摩托车出行时间为10 min;适宜耕作半径与水田种植比例、土地面积、聚居居民点与对应连队几何中心偏差距离均值的显著性检验F值远大于F0.01,三者对适宜耕作半径具有极显著的影响,三者的回归系数依次为-17.892、0.208、-0.147,即水田种植比例较高的区域,适宜耕作半径相对较小;土地面积较大的区域,适宜耕作半径相对较大;偏差距离均值较大的区域,适宜耕作半径相对较小。  相似文献   
10.
选用6年生‘贝达’砧木嫁接的‘京蜜’葡萄为试材,在控制果实负载量相同的前提下,设置10、15和20 cm新梢间距处理,连续两年研究其3种新梢间距处理条件下葡萄冠层光环境及果实品质的差异。结果表明:树体冠层总孔隙度和开度为新梢间距20 cm处理15 cm处理10 cm处理,叶面积指数和光能截获率表现相反,新梢间距10 cm处理15 cm处理20 cm处理。20 cm间距处理光能利用率低,10 cm处理叶面积指数过高,树体郁闭,15 cm处理叶面积指数合理,光能利用率高。果实单粒质量在新梢间距15和20 cm处理间无显著差异,显著高于10 cm处理;果皮色泽以15 cm间距处理最佳,其次为20 cm处理,10 cm处理最差。果实内在品质,可溶性糖和维生素C含量以新梢间距15 cm处理20 cm处理10 cm处理,可滴定酸含量表现相反趋势,10 cm间距处理最高,15和20 cm处理间无显著差异。特征香气组分中具有玫瑰香味的芳樟醇与绿叶清香和果香的正己醛含量均以15 cm间距处理显著高于其他两个处理;清香和果香味的橙花醇、花香味的香叶醇、甜玫瑰香味的香茅醇及绿叶清香和果香味的2–己烯醛含量均以15和20 cm新梢间距处理显著高于10 cm处理。15 cm间距处理挥发性香气物质的含量较高,表现更浓的品种香气。综合认为,设施栽培中水平龙干树形配合高光效V形叶幕的‘京蜜’葡萄以新梢间距15 cm处理表现最佳。  相似文献   
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