大型贯流式泵站快速门加速启动过渡过程

为研究大型贯流式泵站机组闸门加速启动过程中的外特性参数变化及流态变化,对灯泡贯流泵机组进行三维建模,采用Fluent软件中的UDF来控制闸门的启动过程,使用铺层法动网格技术来控制闸门处网格生成与消灭,并设定S-A模型作为湍流模型,对灯泡贯流泵机组启动过程进行瞬态数值模拟.计算结果表明:当贯流泵机组快速门以10倍设计速度启动时,机组的转速与流量将以更快的速度达到额定转速与额定流量,同时瞬间最大倒灌流量相比未加速启动时增加了30%.当贯流泵机组处于倒流状态时,靠近轮毂处叶轮叶道压力面的压强呈现出从叶轮进水边向出水边逐渐递增的分布规律.当机组处于零流量的临界状态时,混乱的流态导致压力集中及脱流现象加重,叶轮进水边负压区范围扩大且程度加深.     

基于玻璃化转变的稻谷变温热风干燥工艺研究

为保证稻谷干燥后品质、提高干燥效率,基于不同含水率稻谷的玻璃化转变温度,提出变温热风干燥工艺。采用三因素五水平中心组合试验方法,以稻谷温度、初始含水率和热风风速为影响因素,以稻谷爆腰指数、整精米率和干燥时间为评价指标,研究稻谷玻璃化转变温度、恒温和变温干燥特性,模拟解析稻谷干燥过程中传热传质规律,以5、10、15℃的变温幅度进行变温干燥试验。结果表明,稻谷玻璃化转变温度与其含水率呈负相关,恒温干燥最佳工艺参数为稻谷温度47℃、初始含水率22.0%、热风风速0.50 m/s,干燥后稻谷爆腰指数70、整精米率57.67%、干燥时间195 min;与恒温干燥相比,以5℃和10℃为变温幅度的变温干燥工艺,干燥后稻谷爆腰指数分别降低了20和10,整精米率提高12.6、7.7个百分点,干燥时间缩短30 min和60 min。研究表明,基于玻璃化转变的稻谷变温热风干燥工艺明显改善了稻谷干燥后品质,提高了干燥效率。     

Comparison of cholesterol levels among lipoprotein fractions separated by anion-exchange high-performance liquid chromatography in periparturient Holstein–Friesian dairy cows

Changes in lipoprotein profiles occur in dairy cows during the periparturient period and in cows with transition cow disease. Here, the lipoprotein profiles of Holstein–Friesian dairy cows during the periparturient period were obtained by anion-exchange, high-performance liquid chromatography to evaluate the usefulness of lipoprotein profile evaluation during the periparturient period and in cows with fatty liver and milk fever. Lipoprotein levels (including total and high- (HDL-C) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL-C) cholesterol) in 10 healthy cows were low 4 weeks prepartum, with the lowest values at calving or within 1 week of calving; the values increased at 8 weeks postpartum. The lipoprotein levels were measured in 16 cows diagnosed with fatty liver (n=10) or milk fever (n=6) and compared to 10 healthy dairy cows. A significant difference was observed in HDL-C between healthy cows (at calving and 1 week postpartum), and the fatty liver and milk fever cows. Cows with fatty liver and milk fever had a lower mean HDL-C than the 10 healthy dairy cows at calving and 1 week postpartum. HDL-C might be a good indicator of energy balance for differentiating healthy cows from those with transition cow disease.     

农牧交错带农牧系统氮素流动与环境效应——以山西省为例

【目的】探明山西省农牧交错带农牧生产系统的氮素流动特征及其环境效应,进一步为山西实施区域养分资源管理、加快农牧交错带产业结构调整提供科学依据。【方法】在整理统计资料、文献数据和实地调研的基础上,使用食物链养分流动模型(nutrient flows in food chains,environment and resources use,NUFER)和GIS,估算山西省农牧交错带(主要涉及大同、朔州、忻州、吕梁、临汾和太原等6个地市)42个县区农牧生产系统的氮素账户平衡、流动路径及损失途径。【结果】不同县区农田化学氮肥投入存在"两极分化"的现象,投入水平范围在6.7—253 kg·hm~(-2),极值间相差38倍;各县区农田氮素的投入结构也表现出较大差异,主要跟当地化学氮肥施用习惯及农业种植结构有很大的关系;单位农田面积农作物主产品的氮素携出量范围在19.11—96.75kg·hm~(-2),空间上整体呈现南北高、中部低的变化趋势;不同县区农田氮素盈余量在-16—202 kg·hm~(-2),氮素亏缺与盈余情况并存;区内畜牧生产系统中外源饲料氮素投入差异较大,朔州市的山阴县外源饲料氮素投入高达0.94×104 t,而忻州的五寨、临汾的隰县、大宁和蒲县,则可以通过作物生产系统来满足畜牧生产系统的饲料需求,也充分反映了各县区畜牧业养殖规模和农牧产业结构存在较大差异;区内单位面积农田动物主产品氮素携出量范围在1.51—27.50 kg·hm~(-2),极差25.99 kg·hm~(-2),说明各县区畜牧生产系统的生产力水平差异较大,单位农田面积动物主产品的氮素携出量13 kg·hm~(-2)的分布在区域北部朔州市的山阴、怀仁、大同等县区,表明这些县区畜牧生产系统中的氮素利用率较高;单位耕地面积畜禽粪尿氮素负荷较高(50 kg·hm~(-2))的县区主要分布在区域北部;农牧生产系统氮素损失的空间分布格局明显:一级区(200 kg·hm~(-2))分布在区域北部,二级区(120—200 kg·hm~(-2))分布在区域南部和北部,三级区(120 kg·hm~(-2))主要分布在区域中部,今后应重点关注区域北部农牧业生产过程中的氮素损失及环境问题。【结论】农业生产结构不合理、"农牧分离"是造成农牧生产系统氮素利用率低下的主要原因,今后农田养分资源综合管理要在空间上合理配置氮素资源,在养分投入上既要考虑化学氮肥和粪尿氮素的投入,还要兼顾来源于环境投入部分的氮素,更要注重和畜牧生产系统的耦合,以最小的环境代价生产更多的农牧产品。     

液压机械全功率换段方法及功率过渡特性

为了解决液压机械无级传动换段过程中存在的动力中断和换段冲击等问题,基于当前段与目标段双制动器结合重叠,提出全新的液压机械全功率换段方法,并深入探究全功率换段过程功率过渡机理及控制方法。该文以两段等差式液压机械为研究对象,在双制动器结合重叠的动力换段方式的基础上,提出了五阶段液压机械全功率换段方法,通过理论分析与试验相结合的方法,研究了换段过程中液压机械转矩特性和功率特性随液压回路压差的变化规律,液压回路压差随变排量液压元件排量的变化规律。结果表明,在双制动器结合重叠的动力换段中,通过调节变排量液压元件的排量比,能够控制液压回路的高低压侧压差改变、互换,进而控制当前段制动器转矩向目标制动器有序转移,在双制动器结合重叠中完成换段,实现换段过程传递全功率。输入转速保持1 000 r/min不变,进出换段时定排量液压元件转速无波动,输出扭矩波动量约为5 N·m(负载扭矩为60 N·m和150 N·m)。该研究揭示了液压机械全功率换段的功率过渡机理,可为全功率换段的后续研究及液压机械应用提供了参考。     

MicroRNA-145 inhibits epithelial-mesenchymal transition in human renal cancer A-498 cells by ADAM28

AIM: To investigate the inhibitory effect of microRNA-145 (miR-145) on epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in renal cancer A-498 cells. METHODS: The A-498 cells were transfected with miR-145 mimics (M145) and mimic negative control(MNC), which served as M145 group and MNC group, respectively. Mock control (MC) group was set up using untreated A-498 cells. The expression level of miR-145 in each group was detected by RT-qPCR. Transwell assay was used to detect the invasion ability of the cells. The protein expression of vimentin, E-cadherin and ADAM28 was determined by Western blot. Bioinformatic method was used to predict the target genes of miR-145. Antagonistic effect of ADAM28 over-expression on the inhibition of EMT by miR-145 was detected by Western blot. The relationship between miR-145 and ADAM28 was analyzed by dual-luciferase reporter assay. RESULTS: The expression level of miR-145 in M145 group was significantly up-regulated than that in MC group (P<0.05). The number of invasive cells in M145 group was 12.78±3.37, which was significantly lower than that in MC group (P<0.05). ADAM28 may be the target gene of miR-145. Compared with MC group, the protein expression of vimentin and ADAM28 in M145 group was significantly decreased (P<0.05), while the protein expression of E-cadherin was significantly increased (P<0.05).After ADAM28 over-expression, the protein expression of vimentin in the A-498 cells of M145 group was significantly increased (P<0.05), and the protein expression of E-cadherin was significantly decreased (P<0.05). The results of dual-lucife-irasei reporter assay showed that ADAM28 was a downstream target gene of miR-145. CONCLUSION: miR-145 may inhibit the expression of EMT-related proteins through the downstream target gene ADAM28 and inhibit the EMT process of renal cancer A-498 cells.     

Unravelling transcriptome changes between two distinct maize inbred lines using RNA-seq

Seed size play a significant role in maize yield production. Two maize inbred lines with distinct seed size and weight, V671 (a large-seed inbred line) and Mc (a small-seed inbred line), were investigated by RNA-seq at 14 days after pollination (DAP), when maize endosperm undergoes an active transition from mitosis to storage accumulation. RNA-seq expression data showed that the small-seed line Mc had a higher storage accumulation activity, whereas the large-seed kernel line V671 possessed a higher DNA synthesis activity. An investigation of the pattern of increasing kernel width at serial DAPs showed that V671 experienced an increased kernel width later than did Mc, but the rate and duration of increase were longer in V671. SDS-PAGE of the storage proteins and quantitative RT-PCR of cell cycle-related genes and indole-3-acetic (IAA) synthesis genes certified that the transition from mitosis to storage accumulation starts earlier in Mc. We hypothesized that the difference in the mitosis-to-storage accumulation transition accounts for the larger seed size in V671 vs. Mc.     

Ground-active arthropod response to distance from the Mediterranean seashore in coastal sand areas of western Israel

Information on the effects of distance from the seashore on soil biotic communities is limited and restricted to soil arthropods and microarthropods. The aim of this study, conducted in a sand-dune area, was to distinguish the changes of a ground-active arthropod community along a 4-km-transect from the seashore going inland. Pitfall traps were set up in open spaces at four locations (L1, through L2, L3, and L4 going inland) through the year. The abiotic gradient from the seashore going inland was found to be mostly dependent on seasonality. Group richness was found to be remarkably greater at the L2, L3, and L4 locations compared with the L1 location in winter, and at the L2 and L3 locations compared with the L1 location in spring. The Fisher α index was 0.32?±?0.21, 3.51?±?0.87, 5.04?±?0.70, and 4.86?±?0.54 in winter and 3.29?±?0.55, 13.79?±?1.49, 10.12?±?1.24, and 5.06?±?0.62 in spring at the L1, L2, L3, and L4 locations, respectively. Regarding abundance and group richness, the trophic relationships between predators, phytophages, omnivores, and saprophages were remarkably affected by both location and seasonality. The dominant groups and dominant index distribution of ground-active arthropod communities were found to follow a similar pattern. Soil organic carbon content was found to be the key factor driving the ground-active arthropod community structure along a coastal gradient going inland in winter and spring. We conclude that the distribution, trophic composition, and diversity index are affected by both location and seasonality, while total abundance is consistently affected by location across all three seasons.     

FRW阻燃胶合板的DMA分析

目前世界范围内木材资源短缺的情况日益加剧,发展人造板工业已成为世界各国解决木材资源严重不足的重要途径.其中,胶合板作为室内装饰的主要材料,其产量和需求量都在急剧增长.我国胶合板产量从1980年的33.00万m3增长到2004年的2 098.62万m3,呈现大幅度增长的趋势(张文标等,2000).但由于普通胶合板具有易燃性,在许多领域的应用上受到限制.因为一旦发生火灾,不仅造成重大的经济损失,而且往往会发生人员伤亡.1950-2003年全国共发生火灾4 177 730起,直接经济损失2 434.525 1亿元,因火灾死亡174 855人,受伤329 352人.     

空调制冷行业与环保的关系

本文就大气保护制冷行业的关系并从保护臭氧层、大气变暖的角度，论述了空调制冷行业与环保的关系。