Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on agricultural exports

The COVID-19 outbreak has shocked the world's economies in the year of 2020. As this pandemic spreads around the globe, many experts feared that the global food supplies might start running short, especially if supply chains were disrupted. COVID-19 also added to the uncertainty of the business operation. Therefore, it is critical to understand how COVID-19 pandemic affected global food supply and market. In this study, we investigate the impact of COVID-19 on agricultural export companies in China using a unique firm-level survey data. We found that although on average agricultural businesses experienced declines in the exports, exports of some agricultural products especially grain and oil held strong and even increased, implying the essential demand for staple food during the pandemic. Not surprisingly, exports of medicinal herb also increased significantly during the pandemic. However, exports of goods such as edible fungus and horticultural products sharply decreased. Our results also showed that in general, impact of COVID-19 on smaller firms was more severe than that on larger firms. The results of this study can provide useful guidance and implications for agricultural businesses and policy makers on their COVID-19 mitigation efforts to navigate this global pandemic.     

小农户在现代农业发展中的困境与出路——基于福建省漳州市的观察

在乡村振兴与农业现代化发展大背景下，小农户经营面临前所未有的挑战。对福建省漳州地区小农户发展现状的观察发现，受主客观条件制约，小农户在现代农业发展中面临缺乏面向大市场的议价决策能力，现代科技运用滞后，与大资本间利益连接机制不稳定，农业社会化服务体系不健全等一系列困境。因此，要通过提高小农户组织化程度，拓宽市场渠道，提升小农户发展现代农业的能力，完善农业社会化服务体系，拓宽农业功能等助力小农户融入中国农业现代化进程。     

Empowering high seas governance with satellite vessel tracking data

Between 1950 and 1989, marine fisheries catch in the open‐ocean and deep‐sea beyond 200 nautical miles from shore increased by a factor of more than 10. While high seas catches have since plateaued, fishing effort continues to increase linearly. The combination of increasing effort and illegal, unreported and unregulated (IUU) fishing has led to overfishing of target stocks and declines in biodiversity. To improve management, there have been numerous calls to increase monitoring, control and surveillance (MCS). However, MCS has been unevenly implemented, undermining efforts to sustainably use high seas and straddling stocks and protect associated species and ecosystems. The United Nations General Assembly is currently negotiating a new international treaty for the conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity beyond national jurisdiction (BBNJ). The new treaty offers an excellent opportunity to address discrepancies in how MCS is applied across regional fisheries management organizations (RFMOs). This paper identifies ways that automatic identification system (AIS) data can inform MCS on the high seas and thereby enhance conservation and management of biodiversity beyond national jurisdictions. AIS data can be used to (i) identify gaps in governance to underpin the importance of a holistic scope for the new agreement; (ii) monitor area‐based management tools; and (iii) increase the capacity of countries and RFMOs to manage via the technology transfer. Any new BBNJ treaty should emphasize MCS and the role of electronic monitoring including the use of AIS data, as well as government–industry–civil society partnerships to ensure critically important technology transfer and capacity building.     

"一带一路"倡议下职业院校来华留学生教育发展初探 ——以北京农业职业学院为例

“一带一路”倡议、教育发展规划和世界城市建设为来华留学生教育提供了快速发展的契机和广阔的发展平台。北京农业职业学院在开展“一带一路”国家留学生教育过程中定位明确，创新管理模式，注重内涵发展，办出了特色，但也面临着项目规模偏小、学历教育留学生流失率高等问题。突破这一困境的主要方法包括配合企业订单式培养技能型人才，利用“互联网+”开放办学，挖掘学科优势建设全英文授课课程，加快国际化师资队伍建设等。     

食用菌出口产品专业术语翻译特点及策略

在分析食用菌产品专业术语翻译现状的基础上,详细讨论了翻译的准确性、国际贸易的语场和文化差异。提出尊重当地文化传统和语言习惯、遵守国际贸易中的"专业术语",注重翻译准确性和专业性的翻译策略,消除食用菌产品出口贸易中的语言障碍,更好地服务于食用菌产业的发展。     

浅析农业技术推广组织标准体系构建

该文在分析我国农业技术推广组织存在问题；在农技推广中的作用，标准化工作的意义以及标准化现状的基础上，提出构建农业技术推广组织标准体系，为农业技术推广组织标准化工作提供了支持。     

欠发达地区小农经济与农业现代化融合发展模式研究——以宁夏为例

本文基于对宁夏小农经济与农业现代化融合发展模式的实践考察,从宁夏农业组织发展现状出发,归纳了宁夏地区小农经济与现代农业融合发展模式及存在的问题,并提出了建议,以期为欠发达地区小农经济与农业现代化融合发展提供参考。     

“一分钟游程”构园法则的适用性研究

“一分钟游程”构园法则将人的视觉感受与园林组景共同考虑,以25~30 m作为组景转换的理想距离,对游路结构进行反复烘托与不断强化,从而形成柔和、丰富的“构景曲线”。选择南北方各具代表性的苏州沧浪亭和北京恭王府花园,分析其园林的景观布局,对比园林空间序列的“起”“承”“转”“合”间距。结果表明,“一分钟游程”构园法则在南方私家园林及北方皇家园林中同样适用,为今后的游线组织与组景布设提供了设计参考。     

The genetic organization of the capsular polysaccharide biosynthesis region of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae serotype 14

The genetic organization of the gene involved in the capsular polysaccharide (CPS) biosynthesis of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae serotype 14 has been determined. The DNA region for the CPS biosynthesis of serotype 14 (cps14) comprised 9 open reading frames, designated as cps14AB₁B₂B₃CDEFG genes, encoding Cps14A to Cps14G protein, respectively. Cps14A was similar to CpsA of A. pleuropneumoniae serotypes 1, 4 and 12; the Cps14B₁ and Cps14B₂ were similar to CpsB of A. pleuropneumoniae serotypes 1, 4 and 12, suggesting that CPS structure of A. pleuropneumoniae serotype 14 would belong to Group I including A. pleuropneumoniae serotypes 1, 4, 12 and 15. Surprisingly, the overall nucleotide sequence, deduced amino acid sequence, and the genetic organization of the cps14 were nearly identical to those of Actinobacillus suis. This study will provide the molecular basic knowledge for development of diagnostics and vaccine of A. pleuropneumoniae serotype 14.     

我国茶产业发展中存在的问题、原因与对策

茶产业是我国具有比较优势的产业,发展茶产业对农业产业结构调整和山区脱贫攻坚具有重要意义。利用国家统计数据和项目组对湖北、贵州等地的茶叶种植户和鲜叶加工厂员工的调查数据,从茶业产能与市场需求、国际竞争力与品牌发展、茶叶生产规范化和互联网渗透率等方面分析我国茶产业发展中存在的主要问题,并深入挖掘其原因。研究发现,我国茶产业存在茶叶需求疲软、产能过剩、市场竞争力不足、茶叶生产规范化、规模化与组织化程度低和互联网渗透率低等问题,主要是我国茶叶消费增长动力不足、监管体制落实不到位、茶农绿色认知不够、基础设施不完善和龙头企业与知名品牌带动力度不够等因素造成。因此,建议以绿色、高效为发展目标,明确各主体职责、加强基础设施建设与品牌资源整合、完善茶叶营销网络、加强科技创新与转化、提高茶农绿色认知水平,以实现我国茶产业"重品质、重安全、重环保、重民生"的可持续发展。