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1.
为给内蒙古高原区、黄土高原区和西北荒漠绿洲区紫花苜蓿测土施肥奠定科学基础,采用零散实验数据整合法以及养分平衡-地力差减法,开展了三大自然区域紫花苜蓿土壤速效钾丰缺指标和推荐施钾量研究。结果表明,内蒙古高原区紫花苜蓿土壤速效钾第1~4级指标依次为≥342mg/kg、89~342mg/kg、24~89mg/kg和<24mg/kg,黄土高原区第1~6级指标依次为≥171mg/kg、96~171mg/kg、54~96mg/kg、30~54mg/kg、17~30mg/kg和<17mg/kg,西北荒漠绿洲区第1~4级指标依次为≥303mg/kg、140~303mg/kg、65~140mg/kg和<65mg/kg;当目标产量9~27t/hm2、钾肥利用率50%时,第1~6级土壤的推荐施钾量分别为0、54~162kg/hm2、108~324kg/hm2、162~486kg/hm2、216~648kg/hm2和270~810kg/hm2。  相似文献   
2.
Coal mining has led to serious ecological damages in arid desert region of Northwest China. However, effects of climatic factor and mining activity on vegetation dynamics and plant diversity in this region remain unknown. Wuhai City located in the arid desert region of Northwest China is an industrial city and dominated by coal mining. Based on Landsat data and field investigation in Wuhai City, we analyzed the vegetation dynamics and the relationships with climate factors, coal mining activity and ecological restoration projects from 2000 to 2019. Results showed that vegetation in Wuhai City mostly consisted of desert plants, such as Caragana microphylla, Tetraena mongolica and Achnatherum splendens. And the vegetation fractional coverage(VFC) and greenness rate of change(GRC) showed that vegetation was slightly improved during the study period. Normalized difference vegetation index(NDVI) was positively correlated with annual mean precipitation, relative humidity and annual mean temperature, indicating that these climate factors might play important roles in the improved vegetation. Vegetation coverage and plant diversity around the coal mining area were reduced by coal mining, while the implementation of ecological restoration projects improved the vegetation coverage and plant diversity. Our results suggested that vegetation in the arid desert region was mainly affected by climate factors, and the implementation of ecological restoration projects could mitigate the impacts of coal mining on vegetation and ecological environment.  相似文献   
3.
Cold plasma, an ionized gas produced by applying an electrical current to air, can be used to produce plasma-activated water (PAW), which has excellent antimicrobial properties. In this study PAW was applied to conidia of Colletotrichum alienum to investigate its impact on conidial germination in vitro. PAW was produced by treating tap, deionized, or distilled water with cold plasma for 30 or 60 min to produce PAW30 or PAW60, each of which was then incubated for up to 24 hr with a conidial suspension of C. alienum in a ratio of 1:1, 1:2, or 1:3 (conidial suspension:PAW), and the percentage germination measured. The greatest reduction in germination occurred when conidia were incubated with PAW60 produced from deionized water or distilled water, for all ratios. For PAW30, deionized water was the most effective for all three ratios, and on this basis, deionized water was selected for all further experiments. PAW produced from smaller volumes of water and at shorter distances from the cold plasma source was more effective at reducing germination. Treatment of conidia with acidified water was not as effective as PAW at inhibiting germination. Nitrates and nitrites were present in the PAW in varying concentrations and may have contributed to the inhibition of germination. PAW retained activity and reduced germination even after storage for 15 days. These findings demonstrate the potential of PAW as a novel treatment for postharvest fungal pathogens.  相似文献   
4.
In 2016-2019, sixty new varieties and 31 main cultivated varieties were evaluated for their resistance to sugarcane brown stripe disease under field condition. The results showed that 32 (53.33%) of 60 new sugarcane varieties were highly to moderately resistant, and 28 (46.67%) were susceptible to highly susceptible. Twenty-one (67.74%) of 31 main cultivated sugarcane varieties were highly to moderately resistant, and ten (32.26%) were susceptible to highly susceptible. This work may facilitate brown stripe resistance breeding and provide new elite resistant varieties for effectively control of sugarcane brown stripe.  相似文献   
5.
2012年,北美地区发生了一种由山毛榉李氏垫刃线虫麦肯恩亚种(Litylenchus crenatae mccannii)引起的森林新病害——山毛榉叶线虫病,病情蔓延迅速,已扩散至美国和加拿大30个县。病原为害山毛榉属植物,可造成病树成片死亡。由于山毛榉是北美温带阔叶林的主要构成树种和重要用材树种,新病害已引起美国农业部的高度重视并采取积极的应对措施。我国分布5种山毛榉属植物(均为特有种),是我国南方森林的主要组成树种。鉴于我国每年从北美进口大量山毛榉木材,病原线虫存在随进境木材传入国内的巨大风险。因此,检疫部门应开展风险评估,口岸应针对性开展山毛榉叶线虫病的检测。本文主要介绍了山毛榉叶线虫病的发生历史、分布范围、为害症状、病原线虫形态学特征、生活史、传播途径、分子检测方法等方面的信息,以期为口岸检疫工作提供参考。  相似文献   
6.
WANG Jinlin 《干旱区科学》2021,13(12):1287-1298
Information on the Fe content of bare rocks is needed for implementing geochemical processes and identifying mines. However, the influence of Fe content on the spectra of bare rocks has not been thoroughly analyzed in previous studies. The Saur Mountain region within the Hoboksar of the Russell Hill depression was selected as the study area. Specifically, we analyzed six hyperspectral indices related to rock Fe content based on laboratory measurements (Dataset I) and field measurements (Dataset II). In situ field measurements were acquired to verify the laboratory measurements. Fe content of the rock samples collected from different fresh and weathered rock surfaces were divided into six levels to reveal the spatial distributions of Fe content of these samples. In addition, we clearly displayed wavelengths with obvious characteristics by analyzing the spectra of these samples. The results of this work indicated that Fe content estimation models based on the fresh rock surface measurements in the laboratory can be applied to in situ field or satellite-based measurements of Fe content of the weathered rock surfaces. It is not the best way to use only the single wavelengths reflectance at all absorption wavelengths or the depth of these absorption features to estimate Fe content. Based on sample data analysis, the comparison with other indices revealed that the performance of the modified normalized difference index is the best indicator for estimating rock Fe content, with R2 values of 0.45 and 0.40 corresponding to datasets I and II, respectively. Hence, the modified normalized difference index (the wavelengths of 2220, 2290, and 2370 nm) identified in this study could contribute considerably to improve the identification accuracy of rock Fe content in the bare rock areas. The method proposed in this study can obviously provide an efficient solution for large-scale rock Fe content measurements in the field.  相似文献   
7.
木寡糖是一种植物源寡糖,对动物体的生理功能多且显著,而其是否作为寡糖素诱发植物防卫尚不明确。本文分析了不同浓度木寡糖诱导拟南芥植株对不同营养型病原的抗性。结果表明,木寡糖能诱发拟南芥对半活体病原细菌丁香假单胞菌番茄致病变种、活体病原烟草花叶病毒和死体病原真菌核盘菌的抗性,且具有剂量依赖效应,随着木寡糖浓度的提高到100 μg/mL,对Pst DC3000和TMV诱导抗病效果逐渐增强;当木寡糖浓度提高到50 μg/mL,对核盘菌的诱导抗病效果不再升高;说明木寡糖是一种新的可诱发拟南芥广谱抗病性的寡糖素。本研究为进一步解析木寡糖诱发植物免疫的信号传导和开发新的病害控制策略提供了依据。  相似文献   
8.
黄瓜在我国蔬菜产业中占有重要地位,然而连片种植、重茬栽培等条件下容易滋生病菌,尤其是随着我国保护地蔬菜生产规模的扩大,棚室内的温湿度条件更利于病害的发生与流行,黄瓜生产上面临着严重的病虫害威胁,包括生理性病害、感染性病害及虫害等。本文从抗病品种选育的角度分析了黄瓜病害抗病品种选育技术,并简要介绍了其他防治方法,展望了相关研究的发展方向,为黄瓜病虫害的防治提供参考。  相似文献   
9.
Beet yellows virus (BYV), beet mild yellowing virus (BMYV), beet chlorosis virus (BChV), and beet mosaic virus (BtMV) cause virus yellows (VY) disease in sugar beet. The main virus vector is the aphid Myzus persicae. Due to efficient vector control by neonicotinoid seed treatment over the last decades, there is no current knowledge regarding virus species distribution. Therefore, Europe-wide virus monitoring was carried out from 2017 to 2019, where neonicotinoids were banned in 2019. The monitoring showed that closterovirus BYV is currently widely spread in northern Europe. The poleroviruses BMYV and BChV were most frequently detected in the northern and western regions. The potyvirus BtMV was only sporadically detected. To study virus infestation and influence on yield, viruses were transmitted to sugar beet plants using viruliferous M. persicae in quadruplicate field plots with 10% inoculation density simulating natural infection. A plant-to-plant virus spread was observed within 4 weeks. A nearly complete infection of all plants was observed in all treatments at harvest. In accordance with these findings, a significant yield reduction was caused by BMYV and BChV (−23% and −24%) and only a moderate reduction in yield was observed for BYV (−10%). This study showed that inoculation at low densities mimics natural infection, and quick spreading induced representative yield effects. Within the background of a post-neonicotinoid era, this provides the basis to screen sugar beet genotypes for the selection of virus tolerance/resistance and to test the effectiveness of insecticides for the control of M. persicae with a manageable workload.  相似文献   
10.
基于机器学习的棉花叶面积指数监测   总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1  
为实现基于机器学习和无人机高光谱影像进行棉花全生育期叶面积指数(Leaf Area Index, LAI)监测,该研究基于大田种植滴灌棉花,在不同品种及不同施氮处理的小区试验基础上,对无人机获取的高光谱数据分别采用一阶导(First Derivative, FDR)、二阶导(Second Derivative, SDR)、SG(Savitzky-Golay)平滑和多元散射校正(Multiplicative Scatter Correction, MSC)进行预处理,并结合Pearson相关系数法、连续投影(Successive Projections Algorithm, SPA)、随机蛙跳(Shuffled Frog Leaping Algorithm, SFLA)和竞争性自适应重加权(Competitive Adaptive Reweighting, CARS)筛选敏感波段,将筛选出的波段,使用偏最小二乘回归(Partial Least Squares Regression, PLSR)、支持向量回归(Support Vector Regression, SVR)和随机森林回归(Random Forest Regression, RFR)3种机器学习算法构建棉花LAI监测模型。结果表明:棉花冠层LAI敏感响应波段集中在可见光(400~780 nm)和近红外(900 nm之后)波段;对比3种机器学习算法,各预处理下RFR建立的LAI监测模型精度最高,稳定性最好,其中以FDR-SFLA-RFR模型最佳,在建模集的决定系数为0.74,均方根误差为1.648 3,相对均方根误差为26.39%;验证集的决定系数、均方根误差分别为0.67和1.622 0,相对均方根误差为25.97%。该研究基于无人机获取的棉花冠层光谱反射率,从不同光谱预处理、波段筛选及建模方法建立的模型中筛选出最佳估算模型用于棉花全生育期LAI监测,研究结果可为棉花大田精准管理及变量施肥提供依据。  相似文献   
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