高压直流接地极对埋地管道腐蚀的影响和管控思考

高压直流输电、油气长输管道建设促进了全国范围内的能源优化配置,但高压直流接地极放电对埋地管道的强直流干扰问题应该引起足够关注。为进一步加强相关风险管控,回顾中国高压直流输电网的发展历程,对高压直流接地极放电影响管道的典型特点进行分析,结合当前实际提出后续风险管控的发展方向。研究结果表明:邻近油气长输管道路由的高压直流输电线路和接地极对管道的影响具有干扰时间不确定、干扰机理复杂、干扰程度大及缓解困难的特点,是管道当前面临的突出安全风险。高压直流输电网调试或故障运行过程中,接地极单极放电会加速管道腐蚀。后续应从加强沟通协调和联合测试,深化腐蚀机理和规律研究,采取综合治理措施等方面提升检测、研究及治理水平,全方位保障国家能源通道的安全稳定。     

威宁县白萝卜优质生产技术

从播前准备、品种选择、播种方式和方法、田间管理、病虫害防治、适时收获等方面系统阐述了威宁白萝卜的优质生产技术措施，以期为广大农民朋友提供科学的技术指导和参考。     

拖拉机室内台架试验技术现状与展望

作为拖拉机研发的重要验证手段，拖拉机室内台架试验可方便高效地为拖拉机模拟各种工况下的性能表现。首先探究动力总成控制技术、负载模拟技术、试验数据处理技术和试验结果评价技术4种拖拉机室内台架试验关键技术，结合试验技术的最新研究进展，对4种技术进行详细的阐述和分析。接着从动力总成控制算法、负载模拟算法、试验数据处理方法、试验结果评价指标体系4个方面对拖拉机室内台架试验技术进行讨论与展望。最后得出对动力总成算法进行优化、提高动态负载模拟精度、保持试验数据处理方法的前沿性、对试验结果综合客观评价是拖拉机室内台架试验技术的发展趋势，以期为我国拖拉机室内台架试验技术的发展提供参考。     

陇南核桃病虫害无公害综合防治策略

针对陇南核桃栽培中病虫害发生问题进行分析论述,提出无公害综合防治策略,对陇南生态环境保护及绿色无公害核桃生产有一定指导意义。     

Performance of pyrazosulfuron-ethyl in non-puddled transplanted rainy season rice and its residual effect on growth of the succeeding crop in rice-wheat cropping pattern

Abstract

A study was carried out in sandy clay loam textured soil of Mymensingh, Bangladesh to evaluate weed control efficiency of pre-emergence herbicide pyrazosulfuron-ethyl either alone or in sequential application with post-emergence herbicide in transplanted rainy season rice under non-puddled strip-tilled (NPST) field condition and also to examine the residual effect of those herbicides on germination and growth of the subsequently grown wheat crop. Five treatment combinations of pyrazosulfuron-ethyl were tested against one weedy check and one weed-free check. The study revealed that NPST rice field was mostly infested by grass and sedge weeds and herbicide treatments offered a wide range of control (above 50% to 95%) on all types of weeds. Application of pyrazosulfuron-ethyl followed by (fb) orthosulfamuron fb butachlor plus propanil provided the most effective and economic weed control over two years of the study. Moreover, micro-plot bioassay study claimed germination and growth of subsequently grown wheat were not adversely affected by herbicides that were applied in rice. Therefore, application of pyrazosulfuron-ethyl followed by post-emergence herbicide could be effective and economic to control weeds in NPST rice under rice-wheat system, but proper rate and time of application should strictly be followed.     

不同微喷弥雾调控方式下微气候因子对极端干旱区葡萄果实生长及糖度的影响

通过对极端干旱区葡萄在不同微喷弥雾调控方式（WP1,架上喷水1 h;WP2，架下喷水1 h；WP3，地上喷水1 h）下微气候因子与葡萄果实生长形态及糖度的监测，分析葡萄园微气候因子变化规律及其与葡萄果实生长形态和糖度的关系。结果显示：采用微喷弥雾调控可有效降低葡萄园温度和增加湿度，与CK处理（常规滴灌，不喷水）相比，白天平均温度低2.9℃~3.3℃，平均温度低2.5℃~2.9℃，夜晚平均湿度高4.7%~5.5%，同时可促进葡萄果实生长和糖度累积，WP1、WP2和WP3与CK处理相比，果粒纵茎高出2.88、1.76、0.9 mm，果粒横茎高出1.33、1.80、1.76 mm，果粒均重高出0.22、0.26、0.25 g，糖度分别高出7.75%、3.96%和5.53%。在葡萄果实生长发育过程中，白天平均温度和平均温度是影响葡萄纵径和横径的关键微气候因子，晚上平均湿度是影响葡萄果实重量和糖度的关键微气候因子，在白天平均温度为30.4℃~33.8℃、晚上平均湿度为49.5%~50.5%时接近葡萄果实纵径、横径和果粒均重拟合值最大值。根据其相互关系和建立的回归模型，得出可以用白天平均温度、平均温度和晚上平均湿度对该地区葡萄生长和糖度变化进行分析和预测。     

嗜线虫致病杆菌抗菌代谢产物Xcn1的研究进展

Xenocoumacin1（Xcn1）是嗜线虫致病杆菌产生的一种水溶性小肽类抗菌化合物，对真菌和细菌具有广谱的抑菌活性，在农业病害防治中具有良好的开发和应用前景。本文综述了Xcn1化合物的合成和降解机制、合成调控机制、抗菌作用机制以及防控植物疫病的研究进展，并展望了高产Xcn1生产菌株的改良和产业化应用前景。     

Application of imidacloprid controlled-release granules to enhance the utilization rate and control wheat aphid on winter wheat

During winter wheat production, aphids need to be controlled with pesticides for the entire growth period. Controlled-release technology has been regarded as an alternative method for the improvement of pesticide efficiency. This study investigated two types of imidacloprid controlled-release granule (CR-GR): 2% imidacloprid CR-GR and 0.2% imidacloprid pesticide-fertilizer controlled-release granule (PF-CR-GR) when wheat was sown in winter. The release performance, utilization rate, terminal residues in edible parts, control effect on aphids, and achieved winter wheat yield were evaluated for both laboratory experiments and field application. Imidacloprid PF-CR-GR released more quickly in aqueous medium than CR-GR because of its good water solubility. After CR-GR treatments, the concentrations in wheat roots and soil were similar throughout the entire sampling period, and the concentrations in shoots were about 10–20% of those in roots. Imidacloprid was better absorbed when CR-GR was used as root treatment, compared with foliar treatment. Field application showed that imidacloprid CR-GR and PF-CR-GR controlled aphids throughout the entire growth period of winter wheat and improved the wheat yield. These findings identified application of imidacloprid CR-GR and PF-CR-GR on winter wheat as an effective way to enhance the pesticide utilization rate and ensure adequate yield. This paper provides a theoretical basis for the scientific use of pesticides and guides scientific pesticide application.     

南充地区晚熟柑桔主要病虫害发生特点及综合防控措施

本文介绍了南充地区晚熟柑桔主要病虫害的种类及为害发生特点,并提出了相应的病虫害综合防控措施,保证晚熟柑桔的正常生长,以期为当地晚熟柑桔生产、种植户节本增收提供参考。     

湖北三峡库区晚熟脐橙不同海拔果实品质变化及枯水防控技术研究

以湖北三峡库区秭归地区不同海拔伦晚脐橙（Citrus sinensis Osbeck ‘Lane late’ Navel）果实为试验材料，探讨了湖北三峡库区晚熟脐橙果实枯水防控栽培技术，进行了晚熟脐橙种植区域布局研究，结果表明，在湖北三峡库区，江南晚熟脐橙适宜区域化种植在海拔360 m以下，江北在海拔350 m以下。在适宜范围外，随海拔升高，晚熟脐橙果实品质下降，可食率、果汁率降低，酸下降快，化渣性变差，果实枯水加重。其次，探讨了晚熟脐橙果实枯水防控生产技术，冬季套袋试验效果好，果实枯水比率控制在5%以下，显著低于对照果实（枯水率50%），可有效减轻和防止晚熟脐橙果实枯水，而且套袋果实外观好，品质优。覆膜技术效果其次，果实枯水比率可以控制在20%以下，而且该技术简便、劳动量小且成本较低，可以在生产中应用。