A comparison of the effects of carbon dioxide and medical air for abdominal insufflation on respiratory parameters in xylazine-sedated sheep undergoing laparoscopic artificial insemination

AIMS: To determine if abdominal insufflation with medical air will improve oxygenation and ventilation parameters when compared to insufflation with CO₂ in xylazine-sedated sheep undergoing laparoscopic artificial insemination (AI).

METHODS: Forty-seven sheep underwent oestrus synchronisation and were fasted for 24 hours prior to laparoscopic AI. Each animal was randomised to receive either CO₂ or medical air for abdominal insufflation. An auricular arterial catheter was placed and utilised for serial blood sampling. Respiratory rates (RR) and arterial blood samples were collected at baseline, after xylazine (0.1?mg/kg I/V) sedation, 2 minutes after Trendelenburg positioning, 5 minutes after abdominal insufflation, and 10 minutes after being returned to a standing position. Blood samples were collected in heparinised syringes, stored on ice, and analysed for arterial pH, partial pressure of arterial O₂ (PaO₂), and CO₂ (PaCO₂). The number of ewes conceiving to AI was also determined.

RESULTS: Repeated measures ANOVA demonstrated temporal effects on RR, PaO₂, PaCO₂ and arterial pH during the laparoscopic AI procedure (p<0.001), but no difference between insufflation groups (p>0.01). No sheep experienced hypercapnia (PaCO₂>50?mmHg) or acidaemia (pH<7.35). Hypoxaemia (PaO₂<70?mmHg) was diagnosed during the procedure in 14/22 (64%) ewes in the CO₂ group compared with 8/23 (35%) ewes in the medical air group (p=0.053). Overall, 15/20 (75%) ewes in the CO₂ group conceived to AI compared with 16/22 (72.7%) in the medical air group (p=0.867).

CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: There were no statistical or clinical differences in RR, PaO₂, PaCO₂, pH, or conception to AI when comparing the effects of CO₂ and medical air as abdominal insufflation gases. None of the sheep experienced hypercapnia or acidaemic, yet 42% (19/45) of sheep developed clinical hypoxaemia, with a higher percentage of ewes in the CO₂ group developing hypoxaemia than in the medical air group. Based on the overall analysis, medical air could be utilised as a comparable alternative for abdominal insufflation during laparoscopic AI procedures.     

面包面团发酵性能研究

面团的发酵性能直接影响面包的品质,本研究考察了酵母、糖和食盐用量对面包面团发酵性能的影响,分析了面团在发酵过程中pH值和体积的变化。通过试验发现,面团的发酵速度与酵母和糖的用量成正比,但是过多的酵母和糖均会降低面团的持气性;加入一定的食盐会抑制面团的发酵,而适量的食盐却能在一定程度上改善面团的持气性。通过酵母、糖、食盐的配比试验发现,当酵母添加量为1.0%、糖添加量为10%、盐添加量为10%时,面包面团具有最佳的发酵效果和持气性。     

Cigarette dust particles induced lung function injury of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in mice

AIM: To investigate the pathogenesis of chronic obstructive disease (COPD) in mice by using nasal drip of cigarette dust particles (DSP) induced pulmonary function damage model.METHODS: BALB/c mice were randomly divided into control group, LPS 100 mg/L group, DSP 0.75 mL/L group, DSP 1.5 mL/L group and DSP 3 mL/L group for 30 days. The method of nasal drip was used for 30 days to establish the COPD model. Rrs, Ers, Crs, Est, Cst, P-3/8Rn, P-3/8G and P-3/8H were measured for evaluating lung function of the mice in each group by the method of FlexiVent. The effect on the increase of airway resistance induced by methacholine (Mach) was determined using main bronchial rings by Myograph method. The HE, Masson and Resorcinol fuchsin staining of mouse tracheas and lung tissues were conducted. RESULTS: Continuous nasal drip with DSP for 30 days increased Rrs, Ers, Est, P-3/8Rn and decreased Crs, Cst, P-3/8G and P-3/8H in the mice. DSP significantly shifted the dose-effect curve of tracheal contraction induced by Mach to the left, increased the sensitivity of the airway to Mach, and significantly increased the maximal contractile airway effect of Mach. Exposure to DSP caused fibrosis of airway subepithelial, deposition of collagen in the airway basement membrane under the reticular plate, induced reticular plate thickening, pulmonary bronchial lumen serious deformation, and the inflammatory cell infiltration in the lung of mice. Significantly increased alveolar wall muscle fibers and collagen fibers were also observed. CONCLUSION: The lung function and pathomorphological changes of COPD mice induced by 30 days nasal drip of cigarette dust particles were similar to those of human COPD.     

不同填充颗粒半径水稻种子离散元模型参数标定

气固两相流耦合仿真被广泛运用在气力式排种器工作过程的研究中，因确定性颗粒轨道数值计算模型的需求，种子多采用颗粒聚合的方法建模，该方法采用的填充球颗粒半径越小、数量越多就越能接近种子的真实形态，但会造成仿真计算资源过度消耗、仿真时间增长。为研究不同填充球半径的水稻种子模型对颗粒间的动力学响应特性的影响，寻找种子模型最佳的填充球颗粒数量，本文以水稻种子为研究对象，借助三维扫描与逆向拟合的方法获取种子外形轮廓，分别采用不同半径（0.30、0.21、0.18、0.16、0.15mm）的球颗粒对其进行填充，形成气固耦合的水稻颗粒粘结聚合模型。采用无底圆筒提升、滑落堆积的真实试验与仿真测定，采用曲面响应法，以休止角为指标，标定出不同填充球颗粒半径种子模型的种间静摩擦因数和动摩擦因数；通过圆筒提升和滑落堆积试验对参数进行验证，以仿真试验休止角的变异系数为指标，结果表明随着填充球半径的减小，仿真结果越接近真实值；通过水稻正压式排种器气固两相流耦合仿真进行验证，以充种率为指标，结果表明填充颗粒半径为0.21mm，仿真时长与仿真精度最优。     

喷雾降温风机风筒优化设计与试验

为缓解高温热害对茶果树的影响,基于圆弧板型叶片模型设计了一种喷雾降温风机,并对风筒结构进行建模和动力学仿真。以出风口直径、进风段长度和出风段长度为试验因素,以风机出口总压和风速为试验指标,采用Design-Expert 8.0.6软件优化风筒结构参数。优化结果表明,各因素对出口总压和风速的影响由大到小依次为出风口直径、出风段长度、进风段长度。最优参数组合为出风口直径1 070 mm、进风段长度350 mm和出风段长度270 mm。选取WJ-7010、WJ-8010型喷嘴,利用优化后的风筒结构进行了风速试验和喷雾降温性能试验。风速试验表明,当风筒出风口直径和总长度分别为1 070、840 mm时,出风口风量为701.30 m~3/min,最大风速为16.00 m/s,有效送风距离约为55.00 m。喷雾降温性能试验结果表明,当使用WJ-8010型喷嘴时,与对照组相比,平均温度降低0.68～11.11℃,最大温差范围为1.80～13.90℃。在38℃高温环境下,喷雾降温风机在20 m范围内的降温幅度接近5℃,降温效果良好。     

石灰岩山地4种林分空气细菌动态变化及其影响因素分析

为探索石灰岩山地不同林分类型中空气细菌的动态变化规律及其影响因素,筛选出抑菌效果较好的林分,选取徐州石灰岩山地4种典型林分为试验材料,采用自然沉降法研究林分中细菌含量的季节变化和日变化,同步监测温湿度、风速、PM2.5和空气负离子浓度,分析空气细菌含量及其之间的关系。试验结果表明:(1)细菌含量季节性变化表现为春季秋季夏季冬季,除冬季日变化呈现"早晚低,中午高"的变化趋势,其他季节表现为"早晚高,中午低";(2)不同林分类型空气细菌含量存在显著差异(P0.05),总体来看,苦楝林对细菌的抑制效果最好;(3)细菌含量与空气湿度和PM2.5呈极显著正相关关系,与空气负离子呈极显著的负相关关系。综上,苦楝林的抑菌效果最好,湿度、PM2.5和负离子是影响空气细菌含量的主要因素。本研究可为此地城市保健林的营建以及生态旅游规划提供科学依据。     

生物质能在密集烤房上应用现状和发展方向

为探究烟叶密集烘烤中经济性和实用性较强的生物质能源,笔者归纳了当前密集型烤房上使用较多的气体、液体、固体生物质能源的应用现状,在总结了3种生物质能源对烟叶烘烤质量影响和能源转化设备技术成熟度的基础上,依据经济性和实用性分析了3种生物质能在密集烤房上应用所具有的优势和局限。最后得出固体生物质颗粒燃料是当前和今后密集烤房应用前景中最好的一种生物质能,指出未来应从加强原料配方研究、持续提升颗粒燃料燃烧机技术改进、并融入大农业物联网技术以实现精准烘烤。     

基于可控气流-激光检测技术的鸡肉嫩度评估方法

以鸡肉嫩度为研究对象，采用可控气流-激光检测技术的瞬态、蠕变回复和应力松弛等动静态检测模态，并使用支持向量机分类器和全局变量偏最小二乘算法，结合不同预处理方法，对鸡肉嫩度进行定性判别和定量预测。结果表明3个激励模态结合不同预处理算法均可实现鸡肉嫩度的定性定量评估。在定性方面，瞬态模态对嫩度具有最佳的分类效果；S-G卷积平滑算法表现出最佳的预处理性能，校正集嫩/老分类精度分别为1和0.98，马修斯相关系数为0.97；而验证集分类精度也达到了0.95和0.84。在定量预测方面，S-G卷积平滑算法在提升原始数据的信噪比上同样具有最佳效果；瞬态模态校正集和验证集模型相关系数分别为0.948和0.913，均方根误差分别为0.736N和1.013N。因此，在组织结构引起的品质预测动态模态较静态模态更适用。本研究开展的可控气流-激光技术在鸡肉嫩度评估的应用，为肉品检测领域提供了新的解决方案。     

阿拉善右旗近50年气温变化特征分析

本文通过整理右旗1969—2018年气温逐年气象观测资料，对右旗近50a平均气温年际变动、季节性变化趋势、突变特点展开研究。得出结论：50a来右旗温度呈0.39℃/10a的速度增加，在20世纪九十年代之后増温明显，且有显著的阶段性波动特点。季节性气温都是以不同速度在增加，春季平均气温增加发展趋势在四季中极为明显。由最高气温季节平均值可知，春季最大，其次秋季夏季冬季，由此可知，最低温度季节性均值是春季最大，其次夏季秋季冬季。年和四季平均最低气温的增加波动,使得平均气温日较差呈减小态势。     

四川盆地东北部一次暴雨天气过程简析

本文利用常规观测资料、自动站雨量资料、多普勒天气雷达和闪电定位资料,使用天气学分析方法,分析2019年9月9日夜间至10日白天发生在四川盆地东北部的一次暴雨天气过程。结果表明：本次过程是在受地面冷空气抬升触发,中低层低涡切变系统叠加配合,高空辐散抽吸共同作用下发生的。地形强迫抬升,雨带停滞少动且降水强度大,是造成此次过程降雨量大而集中的主要原因。