俄罗斯联邦的森林资源及其特性

俄罗斯联邦森林资源极为丰富，在世界上占有重要地位，其森林资源本身具有地域分布的不均匀性、变动的相对稳定性、针叶树种及成过熟林蓄积的优势性十分明显。这些特点为中俄林业合作开发亚洲地区的森林资源奠定了良好的物质基础。  

俄罗斯森林资源与木材生产分析

根据俄罗斯森林资源与木材生产发展状况,探讨了俄罗斯森林资源的特点,总结了俄罗斯木材生产面临的主要问题,提出了俄罗斯林产品的品种和产量走势,分析了俄罗斯森工行业和木材生产的发展机遇,展望了中俄森林资源合作开发与林产品贸易和林业双边合作的发展前景。  

Development of wood procurement in Northwest Russia: round wood balance and unreported flows

This paper analyses industrial round wood flows into, within, and out of Northwest regions of Russia. We examine sawlogs, pulpwood, and fuelwood used for industrial purposes obtained from logging, and chips obtained from the wood-processing industry. We attempt to clarify different recent trends in wood harvesting, industrial round wood export, and forest industries development that have an influence on unreported wood in Russia. Our method, which uses wood balance diagrams, provides an interpretation of data from different Russian sources in order to offer better transparency regarding wood flows from forests to mills. It also helps to explain the apparent imbalance between round wood supply and demand and it helps one to assess the possible share of unreported industrial round wood production in Northwest Russia. Based on annual forest-related statistical data available from the Ministry of Natural Resources, the State Committee of Statistics, and the Russian Federation’s Customs Department, unreported round wood flows can be estimated to be 23% of the total industrial round wood production, or approximately 9 million m³ u.b. per year. Unreported round wood flows are more common in export oriented regions that have poorly developed forest industries.

基于产业内贸易视角的中俄木质林产品贸易现状分析

文中首先从贸易规模和贸易结构2个方面分析中国与俄罗斯两国间木质林产品贸易现状,然后运用产业内贸易GL指数和Bruelhart边际产业内贸易指数对1994-2013年20年间中俄两国不同种类木质林产品和整体木质林产品产业内贸易发展水平进行实证分析,最后对两国间木质林产品产业内贸易类型进行划分和测算.结果表明,尽管中俄木质林产品贸易规模在不断扩大,但产业内贸易水平总体偏低,贸易方式仍以产业间贸易为主,中俄木质林产品贸易呈现出较强的互补性.  

俄罗斯杨树几个品系区域化试验

通过引进俄罗斯新西伯利亚杨树N12、N2、N25、SL-1、N21和高加索6个品系,在黑河、大兴安岭和伊春地区进行区域化对比试验。结果表明:高加索品系在黑河地区生长表现较好,N2品系在大兴安岭和伊春地区生长表现较好,且各品系在区域化试验地未发生冻害及病虫害。经综合测试和评价后初步认为,高加索品系可在黑河区域栽培示范推广,N2品系可在大兴安岭和伊春地区栽培示范推广。  

中俄林产品贸易互补性及潜力分析

通过对中俄林产品比较优势指数、互补性指数的测算,指出中国具有比较优势的产品以劳动密集型产品为主,俄罗斯具有比较优势的产品以资源密集型产品为主,且两国具有比较优势产品的互补性很强,因此双方都能在国际贸易中获利。引入经常市场份额模型,分析了俄罗斯对中国原木、锯材的出口量不断增长的原因及未来趋势。  

俄罗斯远东地区生物多样性保护与研究进展

俄罗斯远东地区是世界上生物多样性最丰富的地区之一。文中在参考相关文献的基础上,介绍了俄罗斯远东地区生物多样性及其保护状况和研究进展。  

中蒙俄经济走廊视域下的木质林产品贸易分析

文中从贸易规模和贸易结构2个方面概述了中国与俄罗斯以及中国与蒙古间的木质林产品贸易现状,运用产业内贸易指数分别从进口和出口2个方面对2006—2015年中俄和中蒙主要木质林产品贸易情况进行分析。结果发现,中国与俄罗斯及蒙古之间木质林产品贸易规模和产业内贸易水平正在逐年增长,但产业内贸易水平仍总体偏低,贸易方式仍以产业间贸易为主。中俄和中蒙在木质林产品贸易上具有很强的互补性,应以中蒙俄经济走廊的发展为契机,加强林业经贸合作,实现区域互利共赢。  

中俄木工机械发展现状与政策建议

通过对中俄两国木工机械发展现状的分析,探讨了中国木工机械在俄发展的机遇与挑战,提出了建立政府推动型的合作框架、寻求国外经销商的合作、扩大在俄罗斯的投资、积极实施"本土化"战略、积极参与国际展会、对企业实行出口资质管理等政策性建议.  

Forested land-cover patterns and trends over changing forest management eras in the Siberian Baikal region

Remote sensing observations over areas of the former Soviet Union suggest that there may be important ongoing influences on forested landscapes resulting from divergent land use and forest management associated with the Soviet versus post-Soviet eras. As the Russian Federation implements its new Forest Code and associated regulations, knowledge of existing forest patterns and trends, plus the development of methods with which to understand the landscape-level influence of different forest management strategies is increasingly important. We developed spatial–temporal models and projections of forest patterns and trends over Soviet and early post-Soviet forest management eras for a study site in the Lake Baikal region in southern Siberia. We used Landsat-derived land-cover data, logistic regressions, and Markov and cellular automata methods (CA–Markov) to characterize patterns and trends 1975–1989 and 1990–2001, and to develop predictive scenarios through 2013. Relationships of forest types (Conifer, Mixed, Deciduous) and Agriculture to other explanatory environmental variables indicated mostly consistent forest–environment relationships, but some different spatial relationships between eras were found for Cut and Regeneration disturbance types. Landscape proportional trends showed greater differences between eras. Cut proportions observed via Landsat in 2001 were approximately 74% lower, and the area of Conifer observed was approximately 14% higher, than modeled proportions predicted for 2001 using 1975–1989 Soviet era transition rates. The proportion of Cut projected for 2013 was about 80% lower when based on early post-Soviet era probabilities. Overall, modeled results indicate that should early post-Soviet trends continue, low rates of logging, some agricultural abandonment, re-growing forests especially near access routes, increases in deciduous cover, along with continued or increased fire events in mixed and conifer forests will define the landscape. Should forest management change, for example to Soviet era rates and patterns of harvest, different outcomes are projected. More broadly, results highlight the real and prospective effects that divergent management strategies can have on forested landscapes, and demonstrate that land-cover data combined with emerging spatial–temporal modeling methods provide an approach to understand and project the complex and ongoing influences associated with changing forest management at landscape scales.