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Growth and reproduction by powdery mildew pathogens is generally inhibited by decreasing relative humidity. With Erysiphe sp. on Rhododendron cv. Elizabeth, the initial stages of colony development were adversely affected by reducing the relative humidity from 100% to 70 and 85%. No significant effects on secondary or tertiary hyphal development were detected. Light intensity and photoperiod both had considerable effect on the induced resistance response of the host. Over the initial 5 days of colonization there were no significant differences between any of the treatments. After 13 days, however, expansion of fungal colonies at 180 photosynthetic active radiation (PAR) was limited solely to the area initially infested by primary hyphae. By comparison, in colonies grown at 80 PAR regardless of day length, secondary and tertiary hyphae had extended beyond the area first colonized. These effects resulted in differing morphologies, small colonies of densely packed hyphae formed at 180 PAR compared with open spreading colonies at 80 PAR. 相似文献
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三尖杉枝叶粉末防治花生根结线虫病 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
采用盆栽及大田小区试验,研究了三尖杉Cephalotaxus fortunei枝叶干粉末对花生根结线虫病的防治效果.盆栽试验结果表明,每盆(2kg土)施用三尖杉枝叶干粉末10、15及20 g三种处理,与对照组相比,初侵染相应推迟4、6、10天,并能减少侵染量,降低根结增长率,显著减轻花生根结线虫病病情.大田小区试验结果与盆栽试验结果相似,每小区(5m2)沟施三尖杉枝叶干粉末120、80、50 g,处理后34及53天的2次平均防治效果分别为89%、82%及50%,施药对照10%益舒宝颗粒剂25g处理(相当于45kg/hm2)为74%.综合使用剂量及花生生长情况,建议沟施150kg/hm2三尖杉枝叶干粉为宜. 相似文献
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Top 20 environmental weeds for classical biological control in Europe: a review of opportunities, regulations and other barriers to adoption 总被引:4,自引:3,他引:4
Classical biological control remains the only tool available for permanent ecological and economic management of invasive alien species that flourish through absence of their co‐evolved natural enemies. As such, this approach is recognized as a key tool for alien species management by the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD), the European and Mediterranean Plant Protection Organization (EPPO) and the European Strategy on Invasive Alien Species (ESIAS). Successful classical biological control programmes abound around the world, despite disproportionate attention being given to occasional and predictable non‐target impacts. Despite more than 130 case histories in Europe against insect pests, no exotic classical biological control agent has been released in the EU against an alien invasive weed. This dearth has occurred in the face of increasing numbers of exotic invasive plants being imported and taking over National Parks, forests and amenity areas in this region, as well as a global increase in the use of classical biological control around the world. This paper reviews potential European weed targets for classical biological control from ecological and socioeconomic perspectives using the criteria of historical biological control success, taxonomic isolation from European native flora, likely availability of biological control agents, invasiveness outside Europe and value to primary industry and horticulture (potential for conflicts of interest). We also review why classical biological control of European exotic plants remains untested, considering problems of funding and public perception. Finally, we consider the regulatory framework that surrounds such biological control activities within constituent countries of the EU to suggest how this approach may be adopted in the future for managing invasive exotic weeds in Europe. 相似文献
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基质和激素对无刺枸骨扦插成活率及其生长影响研究初报 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
无刺枸骨在5种不同基质中,以及在经用NAA,IAA和IBA等3种激素处理的山黄土中扦插后,对其下端伤口愈合率、生根率、成苗率以及苗高、地径、新梢长、根数量、最大根长、最小根长、根系幅度和鲜重等11个指标进行了研究。结果表明:在3号基质(山黄土与珍珠岩容积比为1∶1)中插穗下端伤口愈合率、生根率、成苗率分别为90.67%,85.33%和71.33%,高于其他基质中的插穗,且3号基质中苗高、新梢长、最大根长、最小根长和鲜重等5个指标的平均值也都优于其他几种基质,与对照(砻糠灰)相比,增幅分别为0.18%,55.56%,22.80%,30.00%和13.66%;100 mg/L NAA浸泡2 h或1 000 mg/L IBA速蘸5 s,能显著提高插穗的下端伤口愈合率、生根率和成苗率。其中,经100 mg/L NAA处理过后的插穗,其苗高、新梢长、根系数量、鲜重等指标较对照(清水)增幅分别为18.79%,128.57%,43.90%和14.39%,生长优势最强。 相似文献
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立地条件与柳杉生长量关系研究初报 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:1
对9年生柳杉人工林的26个样地调查其立地条件与生长量之间的关系,初步研究表明:当土壤疏松层厚于30cm时,柳杉生长良好,浅于20cm时,柳杉生长不良;柳杉生长受地形影响,在山洼、山谷处生长最好,山坡、山顶、山脊则较差。 相似文献