不同种源多穗柯主要生物活性成分与矿质元素含量变异分析

【目的】阐明多穗柯主要药用活性成分与矿质元素的种源遗传变异规律。【方法】对设置在江西省分宜县多穗柯全分布区的5个种源试验林植株叶部根皮苷、三叶苷、总黄酮、有机碳、氮、磷和钾元素含量进行测定、分析。【结果】不同种源多穗柯叶部根皮苷、三叶苷、总黄酮、有机碳、全氮、全磷含量差异均存在极显著差异(P <0.01)。不同种源根皮苷含量变异范围为16.03~64.35 mg·g-1,三叶苷含量变异范围分别为4.76~29.97 mg·g-1,根皮苷含量变异范围为61.59~81.05 mg·g-1,其中重庆北碚为根皮苷、有机碳、全磷和全氮含量高的种源,与其他种源相比根皮苷含量最高,四川米易三叶苷含量最高,江西分宜总黄酮含量最高。多穗柯根皮苷含量随日照时数增加呈显著降低趋势(P <0.05),三叶苷含量随无霜期增加呈显著降低趋势,总黄酮含量随经度增加呈极显著增加的趋势,随降水量增加呈显著增加的趋势;根皮苷与全氮含量呈极显著正相关关系,有机碳与全钾含量呈显著负相关关系;聚类分析表明,5个多穗柯种源可划分为2个类群,高根皮苷、高总黄酮、低三叶苷类群和低根皮苷、低总黄酮和高三叶苷类群。【结论】多穗柯根皮苷、三叶苷、总黄酮和主要矿质元素含量具明显种源变异,重庆北碚、四川米易和江西分宜的多穗柯为优良种源。     

大孔树脂ADS-7分离纯化多穗柯黄酮工艺研究

采用大孔树脂ADS-7分离纯化多穗柯黄酮粗提物(CE),对主要工艺条件进行了研究。得出最佳工艺条件为:将CE先配成10%(体积分数)CE溶液,10?溶液体积与树脂质量比值(mL∶g)略大于3、在中性pH值下静态吸附2 h,再以3倍装柱体积(1 500 mL)的80%(体积分数)乙醇、每小时1倍装柱体积流速进行动态洗脱。该工艺条件得到的纯化产物中黄酮的质量分数由粗提物中的40%提高到纯化产物的88%,得率为91%。     

湘中丘陵区石栎混交林群落物种多样性研究

通过对湘中丘陵区石栎（Ｌｉｔｈｏｃａｒｐｕｓｇｌａｂｅｒ（Ｔｈｕｎｂ．）Ｎａｋａｉ）混交林群落调查．利用Ｓｈａｎｎｏｎ和Ｓｉｍｐｓｏｎ多样性指数及相应的均匀度和种间相遇机率．对其群落物种的多样性进行了初步研究．结果表明：湘中丘陵区石栎混交林群落乔木层与下木层的Ｓｈａｎｎｏｎ多样性指数分别为１．１８４和３．１９７；Ｓｉｍｐｓｏｎ多样性指数分别为０．６２４和０．８１４；种间相遇机率分别为０．６２５和０．８１４；均匀度分别为４５．８０％和６３．９４％．乔木层第Ⅰ亚层多样性指数低于第Ⅱ亚层；群落的物种多样性是时间和空间的函数．     

EFFECTS OF pH ON GROWTH AND NODULATION OF TWO FORAGE LEGUMES

A study was conducted to compare the responses to acid pH of Medicago sativa and Lotus glaber, two forage legumes with different environmental requirements, either supplied with inorganic nitrogen (N) or inoculated with different strains of their nodule bacteria. Medicago sativa showed, in both treatments, a significant reduction in total dry weight at pH below 6.0. In contrast, Lotus glaber grew equally well at all the pHs assayed in the presence of adequate N. Under inoculated conditions, in the absence of N supply, plant growth was dependent on the bacterial strain used. When the ability of each strain to multiply in culture medium was examined, it was observed that Sinorhizobium meliloti strains showed a pH-sensitive response that inhibited growth at pH 4.0, whereas Mesorhizobium loti strains showed normal growth at this pH. These results suggest that for the effectiveness of Mesorhizobium loti–Lotus glaber symbiosis in acid soils the major factor to be considered is the tolerance of the bacterial strain to acid conditions, while the limiting factors for the Sinorhizobium meliloti–Medicago sativa symbiosis are the sensitivity to low pH of both the plant and its bacteria.     

哀牢山木果石栎林凋落物矿质元素含量的研究

研究表明：木果石栎林凋落物年产量每公顷5．5－7．1吨。凋落物中落叶占80％。每公顷凋落叶中含氮91．5kg，磷3．7kg，钙101kg，铝5．7kg，钾42．1kg，钠0．3kg，镁10．7kg，锰5．6kg和铁1．9kg。每年4．6月为凋落物降落的高峰期。凋落物消失参数是基于测定凋落物的现存量与年凋落物量之间的比率，其系数范围为0．73-0．94。分解率的测定是采用该群落中七种优势树种的叶子）木果石栎、景东石栎、腾冲栲、长尾青冈、滇木荷、大花八角、米饭树和箭竹）为材料，在塑料网袋中进行，结果不同种间分解率有差异，其年分解率为68％－96％。分解率与采集地无关。各种植物凋落物中灰分元素含量有较大差异。     

壳斗科七种常绿树种在南京地区的物候期观测

通过定株对7种壳斗科常绿树种的物候期进行定期观察,基本掌握了各树种在南京地区的物候期和各生育期维持的时间,为壳斗科常绿耐寒树种在江苏地区的推广利用提供了依据。结果表明:7种植物生长适应性良好,6种植物开花结果正常,东南柯未见坐果期。不同属间壳斗科常绿树种的物候期存在差异,2种青冈属常绿树种花期较短,平均11.50 d,2种石栎属常绿树种果实次年发育成熟,且花期较长,平均为36 d;栎属常绿树种(乌冈栎)花期出现较早,为4月,时长较短为18 d;栲属常绿树种(苦槠)花期较短,为15 d。石栎属3个种间物候期差异最大,表现为石栎萌芽最迟,绵石栎花期较长,东南柯物候期不完整。     

高黎贡山生物多样性研究——Ⅱ印度木荷、硬斗石栎林主要树种生态位研究

以高黎贡山中部的印度木荷、硬斗石栎林6条600 m2的样带调查为依据,对群落乔木层26个树种中重要值最大的10个种进行生态位研究.结果表明:群落中生态位宽度较大的树种为印度木荷、硬斗石栎、绿叶甘橿、贡山大叶柳、针齿铁子,它们的Shannon-Wiener和Levins生态位宽度分别为0.772,0.761,0.741,0.659,0.632和0.971,0.934,0.843,0.708,0.658.生态位宽度的大小与按重要值排列的顺序基本一致.群落中生态位重叠值Lih及Lhi>0.08所占的比例分别为88.89%和75.56%,主要树种对资源有明显的共享趋势.但这些树种间的生态位重叠与它们的生态位宽度大小并没有明显的正相关:生态位宽度值大的树种之间,生态位重叠值较小;生态位宽度值大的树种与生态位宽度值小的树种,其生态位重叠值较大;生态位宽度值小的树种之间,生态位重叠值却较大.     

昆明地区的光叶石栎（Lithocarpus mairei）群落

光叶石栎(Lithocarpus mairei)分布滇中高原山地,耐干旱贫瘠,比较适合于山脊(海拔约2500m)荒地造林。光叶石栎群落是为数不多的一种硬叶常绿阔叶林,它的成分复杂,演替稳定,在实现绿色的防火线构想上有独特的作用。     

大孔吸附树脂分离纯化多穗石柯根皮苷

为优化筛选最优树脂分离纯化根皮苷的工艺技术参数,以多穗石柯根皮苷提取液为原料,比较研究D101、X-5、ADS-7、S-8、AB-8、NKA-9、HPD-100及HPD-400 8种大孔吸附树脂对多穗石柯根皮苷的静态吸附与解吸效果。结果表明：S-8树脂对根皮苷有较好的吸附与解吸效果,静态吸附量与解吸量分别达到14.70 mg/g和8.395 mg/g。当主要考虑根皮苷得率时,最优工艺条件为根皮苷上样浓度 0.9 mg/mL、上样流速3 BV/h、上样体积7 BV,洗脱剂乙醇体积分数60%、洗脱流速为4 BV/h、洗脱体积为3 BV,其根皮苷得率为89.89%,纯度为10.50%,根皮苷分离富集倍数为2.76倍;当主要考虑根皮苷纯度时,最优工艺参数为根皮苷上样浓度0.9 mg/mL、上样流速3 BV/h、上样体积7 BV,洗脱剂乙醇体积分数70%、洗脱流速为3 BV/h、洗脱体积为3.5 BV,其根皮苷纯度为13.51%,得率为83.26%,根皮苷分离富集倍数为3.56倍。     

Genetic diversity of Lithocarpus harlandii populations in three forest communities with different succession stages

By using random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) technique, this paper studied the genetic diversity and genetic differentiation of Lithocarpus harlandii populations in three forest communities (coniferous forest, coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest, and evergreen broad-leaved forest) with different succession stages in Tiantai Mountain in Zhejiang Province. The results showed that a total of 173 repetitive loci were produced in 60 individuals of L. harlandii by 12 random primers, among which, 152 loci were polymorphic, and the total percentage of polymorphic loci was 87.86%. The average percentage of polymorphic loci of the populations was 65.32%, and their total genetic diversity estimated by Shannon information index was 0.4529, with an average of 0.3458, while that judged from Nei’s index was 0.3004, with an average of 0.2320. The percentage of polymorphic loci, Shannon information index, and Nei’s index of the populations were in the sequence of coniferous forest community > coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest community > evergreen broad-leaved forest community. Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) showed that 72.85% of genetic variance was found within the populations, and 27.15% of genetic variance resided among the populations. The coefficient of gene diferentiation was 0.2277, and the gene flow was 1.6949. The genetic structure of L. harlandii was influenced not only by the biological characteristics of this species, but also by the microenvironment of different communities. The mean of genetic identity among three populations of L. harlandii was 0.8662, and the mean of their genetic distance was 0.1442. The genetic similarity between coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest community and evergreen broad-leaved forest community was the highest, while that between evergreen broad-leaved forest community and coniferous forest community was the lowest. The unweighted pair group method with arithmeticmean (UPGMA) cluster analysis based on Nei’s genetic distance showed that conierous and broad-leaved mixed forest community first gathered with evergreen broad-leaved forest community, and then with coniferous forest community. __________ Translated from Chinese Journal of Ecology, 2007, 26(4): 509–514 [译自: 生态学杂志]