新营养健康资源:白背天葵的研究进展

本文介绍了白背天葵的基本概况,包括生物学特性、来源与分布、栽培种植技术,系统地综述了营养价值、活性物质组成及生物学功效,并从中医学理论对其药理作用进行了阐述。此外,全面分析了白背天葵的研发现状及存在的问题,并对其研究前景进行了相应的展望,以期为白背天葵的研发利用提供理论依据,为食品工业的发展提供新的动力。     

闽北地区枫香优树子代生长性状变异分析及选择

在福建省三明市郊国有林场对来自安徽省南部黄山地区的53个枫香家系进行子代测定试验,开展优良家系选择。结果表明,14年生时,试验林树高、胸径、地径、材积、圆满度的平均值分别为9.87 m、7.87 cm、11.18 cm、0.0267 m3、0.72,变幅分别为0.90~16.7 m、2.30~15.60 cm、3.20~22.50 cm、0.00072~0.15060 m3、0.21~0.97,树高、胸径、地径、材积、圆满度的家系遗传力分别为0.476、0.550、0.531、0.520和0.414,单株遗传力分别为0.188、0.211、0.207、0.221和0.107。通过综合比较,从参试的53个家系中选择出9个速生优良家系,树高、胸径和材积的平均值分别为10.70 m、8.98 cm和0.0415m3,平均遗传增益分别为2.50%、5.00%和19.37%,这些优良家系适宜福建省三明地区推广应用。     

枫香DNA提取方法与PCR扩增程序的优化

从SDS、CTAB、高盐低pH值3种方法中选择了CTAB法作为枫香适合的DNA提取方法,同时构建了枫香DNA的PCR扩增程序,并从Mg^ 浓度、Taq酶用量、dNTP浓度、引物浓度、DNA模板用量等方面优化了PCR扩增程序。     

中亚热带四川桤木与台湾桤木幼林的光合生态特性

四川桤木与台湾桤木是湖南乃至亚热带地区极具发展前景的阔叶纸浆原料林树种.为了系统研究四川桤木与台湾桤木在湖南的适应性,对四川桤木、台湾桤木4年生幼林的主要光合特性进行了研究.结果表明:(1)两种桤木的光合作用日变化有单峰与双峰曲线两种类型,四川桤木光合作用日变化在6月、9月净光合速率呈双峰曲线型,4月和10月、11月净光合速率呈单峰曲线型;台湾桤木净光合速率日变化在4月、6月、10月和11月呈双峰曲线型,而9月份净光合速率日变化呈单峰曲线型.一年中以6月份的净光合速率峰值最高,分别达18.68和23.51μmol/m2.s,10月或11月最低.(2)两种桤木光照强度日变化始终成单峰曲线,只是峰值出现的时间不同,在4月、6月和9月,光照强度峰值在中午12:00~13:00出现,10月光照强度以中午12:00最高,11月13:00最高;一年中,光照强度峰值6月份最高(1 800μmol/m2.s),11月份的最小,仅1 260μmol/m2.s.(3)气孔导度、蒸腾速率和叶面水气压亏缺的日变化与季节变化趋势规律和净光合速率一致,两种桤木的蒸腾速率和叶面水气压亏缺的日变化有单峰与双峰曲线两种类型;一年中两种桤木蒸腾速率峰值均以6月份的的峰值最高为8.10 mol/m2.s(台湾桤木)和6.38 mol/m2.s(四川桤木),其次是4月份,在11月份的蒸腾速率的峰值最小;两种桤木的叶面水气压亏缺峰值均以6月最高,其次是9月、10月,生长初期的4月份和末期的11月份较小.(4)四川桤木光饱和点为262~468μmol/m2.s,光补偿点介于11~104μmol/m2.s,不同部位的叶片和不同季节的光饱和点和光补偿点均有差异;台湾桤木的光饱和点介于288~409μmol/m2.s,光补偿点为14~102μmol/m2.s,二种桤木具有较低的光补偿点,即利用弱光的能力较强.     

枫香与杉木、马尾松混交林土壤有机质和腐殖质碳的研究

对枫香与杉木、马尾松混交后土壤有机质碳和腐殖质碳的变化进行研究表明:枫香与杉木、马尾松混交后,增加了土壤的有机质碳和腐殖质碳的储量,0~20 cm土层增加的幅度大于20~40 cm土层。从腐殖质的组成来看,混交林土壤无论是胡敏酸、富啡酸还是土壤腐殖化度都大于纯林,混交林土壤胡敏酸与富啡酸比值(HA/FA)也大于纯林。从而表明了混交林土壤腐殖物质的品质变佳,土壤熟化度增大,土壤供肥保肥的能力增强,土壤肥力得以提高。     

枫香木材改性利用研究

采取清水浸泡、药物蒸煮、干燥和ＰＣ树脂浸渍处理等措施，对易裂难干、易发生翘曲变形、使用价值较低的枫香木材进行改性处理，可以显著降低其干缩差异，减少翘曲变形，实现均匀干燥．从而大大改善其加工性能和耐腐程度，提高利用价值．实践证明，以浸泡时间为６个月，蒸煮时间为４８ｈ，药量配比为１号药液：２号药液＝０．５％：１．５％进行改性处理的效果最为理想．     

Cryopreservation of yellow-poplar and sweetgum embryogenic cultures

Cryopreservation has become anessential tool for operational application offorest tree embryogenic cultures, due to thelong evaluation periods needed for treesregenerated from these cultures. Fiveyellow-poplar (Liriodendron tulipifera)and seven sweetgum (Liquidambar spp.)embryogenic culture lines werestored in liquid nitrogen for 48 hours, afterwhich they were thawed and tested for regrowthand ability to produce somatic seedlings.Combinations of two sorbitol pretreatments andthree dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) cryoprotectantlevels were evaluated for their impact onrecovery following cryogenic storage. The bestresults were obtained with 0.4 M sorbitol and5% DMSO, which provided 100% recovery.Somatic seedlings were regenerated from allculture lines and treatments, except for atransgenic sweetgum line.     

Diversity and abundance of carabid beetles in short-rotation plantings of sweetgum, maize and switchgrass in Alabama

This study compares assemblages of carabid beetles, potentially important regulators of herbivorous insect pests, in short-rotation plantings of sweetgum (Liquidambar styraciflua L.) with and without grass cover crops, maize (Zea mays L.) and switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.). A total of 38 species were trapped during the summers of 1996 and 1997. The dominant carabid encountered was Harpalus pensylvanicus Latreille, a widespread omnivorous species; H. pensylvanicus was particularly prevalent in maize plots. Several other commonly encountered species were primarily associated with one plot type. Overall carabid activity was found to be similar in maize and switchgrass plots and much greater than that in sweetgum plots of both cover types. This may be related to the presence of more consistently available dense ground cover in these plots compared to sweetgum plots, a situation favored by most carabids, although both abundance and diversity were similar in sweetgum plots with and without cover. Diversity, as indicated by species richness and dominance levels, was greater in switchgrass than in maize or sweetgum plots, which were similar. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

枫香的育苗栽培技术及其开发

介绍了枫香的地理分布、利用价值和育苗栽培技术，分析了其开发利用前景，并针对其栽培利用现状提出了建议。     

林檎生物学特性及开发利用前景的研究

研究了林檎的生物学特性、叶的化学成分及在不同时期其化学成分含量的变化规律，综述了林檎的开发利甲前景．