松嫩平原野古草无性系种群的营养繁殖特征

野古草是典型的无怀系禾草,分蘖节存活时间最多为４ａ。割草场和放牧场野古草无性系种群的分蘖株为增长型的年龄结构;放牧能增加２、３龄分蘖株的形成与存活;野古草无性系种群１龄级分蘖株的生产力明显高于２龄级;割草场和放牧场的野古草无性系潜在种群均于增长的年龄结构。以硌潜在种群的数量估计,割草场将保护翌年群落的优势种地位和作用;放牧场具有向优势和演替的潜在趋势。     

20个无花果品种在重庆石漠化地区的引种鉴选

无花果树可用于石漠化治理,同时具有一定的经济价值。为筛选出适宜石漠化地区的优良无花果品种,本研究引进20个无花果品种为试验材料,对其生长特性、病虫害抗性和成活率进行比较分析,并采用主成分分析法对无花果品种品质进行综合评价。结果表明：丰产黄、波姬红、法紫为20个无花果树中品质优良的品种。因此,可在石漠化地区适当推广种植丰产黄、波姬红、法紫3个品种。     

药用植物小叶榕研究进展

小叶榕为桑科榕属乔木,我国传统的中药材之一,具有止咳平喘、抗炎抑菌的功效,在岭南地区常用来治疗呼吸道疾病,是止咳类中成药的主要原料之一。小叶榕四季常绿,树型优美,也是我国南方城市绿化的优选行道树。但国内外对小叶榕的研究较少,主要集中在作为绿化植物特性方面的研究,而在用作药用植物方面的研究十分薄弱,优良小叶榕种质资源评价和选育、深加工及资源高效利用等技术缺乏。小叶榕药效成分的种类及其作用机理研究不够深入,生产上缺少叶干浸膏量效关系的质量标准,制约着小叶榕药用价值的开发和应用。随着小叶榕的综合开发利用逐渐受到重视,展现出巨大的应用前景和经济效益。从生药学研究、化学成分、质量工艺、药理活性及临床应用等方面对小叶榕的研究与利用进行综述,以期为更好的综合利用提供理论依据。     

无花果品系威紫在威远县的引种表现及栽培技术

2016年2月,威远县从中国农业大学引进无花果品系威紫,经过4年的试验种植表明,该品系在当地表现良好,弥补了缺乏紫黑色果皮鲜食品系的不足。果实长卵形,果面光洁,果皮紫黑色、韧性好,果肉无中空、浅红色,平均单果重45.8g,最大80g,含糖量15.6%,含酸量0.2%,果实始熟期7月中旬,成熟期持续到10月下旬,果实发育期84~91天,定植第3年进入盛产期,每666.7m^2产量1500kg左右,丰产性较强,果实品质佳,商品性好,可作为优良鲜食无花果品系在川渝地区推广。     

无花果越冬防寒技术研究

在同等环境条件下,分别对无花果采用土壤埋实法、草绳缠绕法、橡塑缠绕法3种防寒措施,越冬后,比较3种措施以及不同的埋实深度、缠绕高度对无花果萌芽、展叶时间以及受冻情况的影响.结果表明:利用土壤埋实法越冬的无花果萌芽、展叶时间早,受冻株数少,长势最好,最佳的埋实深度为30 cm,无花果可安全越冬.     

5种榕属植物不同发育阶段叶片的热值与灰分含量动态

对厦门园林植物园的5种榕属植物不同发育阶段叶片的灰分含量、干质量热值与去灰分热值的变化动态进行了初步研究。结果表明:①随着叶片的发育(从幼叶→成熟叶→老叶),灰分含量有升高的趋势,5种植物中老叶灰分含量均不是最低,说明叶片可能具有维持自身营养元素平衡的机制;②5种榕属植物不同发育阶段的叶片中,幼叶含有较高的干质量热值,不同发育阶段的榕属植物叶片干质量热值变化趋势因种而异;③5种榕属植物不同发育阶段叶片的干质量热值与灰分含量具有显著的线性相关(P<0 05);④不同发育阶段叶片去灰分热值的变化趋势因种而异,也不是固定不变的。表4参16     

Antifungal Flavonoids from Ficus sarmentosa var. henryi （King） Corner

The methanol extract of Ficus sarmentosa var. henryi （King） Corner was found to detect potent inhibitory activities against 6 crop pathogenic fungi, Fusarium graminearum, Pumpkin fusarium Wilt, Curvularia lunata （Wakker） Boed, Septoria zeicola Stout, Botrytis cinerea, and Rhizoctonia solani. Four flavonoids were isolated from the extract of F. sarmentosa var. henryi by activity-guided fractionation and they were identified as eriodictyol （1）, homoeriodictyol （2）, dihydroquercetin （3）, and luteolin （4） by spectroscopic means and displayed excellent inhibitory activity against F. graminearum and S. zeicola. Among them, luteolin （4） showed the strongest inhibitory activity with IC50 values of 56.38 and 81.48 mg L^-1, to the fungi, respectively. The in vitro inhibitory activity of F. sarmentosa var. henryi （King） Corner was reported for the first time and the inhibitory action mechanism of luteolin （4） was worthy of further research.     

北碚榕扦插繁殖技术研究北碚榕扦插繁殖技术研究

[目的]得出北培榕扦插繁殖技术最优的生根处理方式。[方法]研究了激素种类、处理浓度、处理时间、插穗长度以及基质种类对北培榕扦插生根的影响。[结果]插穗的最优长度为10 cm,用1 000 mg/L的IBA溶液处理15 s生根率可达96.7%。总体来看,IBA处理插穗的效果比NAA要好,根系较发达;扦插基质以珍珠岩：腐殖土为2∶1最好。[结论]扦插成活的难易程度除了和植物本身特性有关,还与处理插穗的激素种类、浓度、时间等有关。插穗的长度、扦插季节以及枝条的粗细对插穗生根也有很大影响。     

三叶鬼针草和黑心菊根系分泌物对井栏边草配子体叶绿素荧光特性的影响

研究了入侵植物三叶鬼针草(Bidens pilosa)和非入侵植物黑心菊(Rudbeckia hirta)的根系分泌物对三叶鬼针草入侵和潜在扩散区代表蕨类植物井栏边草(Pteris multifida)配子体叶绿素荧光参数的影响.结果表明,与对照相比,除非光化学荧光淬灭系数外,三叶鬼针草和黑心菊均可降低井栏边草其他叶绿素荧光参数.这种抑制作用随2种植物根系分泌物浓度升高而增强.处理第十天,抑制效果最明显.当三叶鬼针草和黑心菊根系分泌物浓度高于12.5％时,在处理4～10d后,配子体各叶绿素荧光参数均受到显著影响.综上所述,三叶鬼针草和黑心菊对井栏边草配子体光合能力均可产生抑制作用,且三叶鬼针草抑制作用更强.     

Molecular polymorphism of cytoplasmic DNA in Ficus carica L.: Insights from non-coding regions of chloroplast DNA

The trnL (UAA) intron and the intergenic spacer between the 3′ exon of trnL (UAA) and trnF (GAA) sequences were used as genetic markers for differentiating Ficus carica cultivars and establishing refined genetic relationships. The study was based on 20 fig cultivars, collected from south and centre of Tunisia. Since, the intron was thought to be more variable among close relatives than is the chloroplast spacer. The size of these non-coding regions varied from 554 to 589 and from 989 to 1022 bases pairs for the intron and the combined sequences correspondingly. The average of GC content was 33.9% and 34.6% in the intron and the combined intron and spacer respectively. High values of A + T contents were detected in both data sets and may explain the high proportions of transversions founded. The observed variation pattern of plastid DNA provides evidence of an important genetic diversity. The overall transition/transversion bias (R) was 0.202 in the intron and 0.27 in the combined regions. The RI index of 0.592 indicates that these combined sequences have clearly more homoplasy then the intron (RI = 0.705) and spacer (RI = 0.777) sequences separately. Phylogenetic trees were generated based on maximum parsimony (MP) and neighbor-joining (NJ) analysis of the chloroplast sequences data. Results proved that a typically continuous genetic diversity characterizes the local fig germplasm. In fact, relationships inferred from the cpDNA analysis suggest several clades, which do not show geographical or tree sex correspondence. Although the level of apparent diversity is considerable, we may conclude that non-coding regions of chloroplast genome provide a new and practical opportunity to evaluate genetic diversity and to discriminate fig cultivars. Revealed cytoplasmic DNA markers are reliable to elaborate a molecular data base to conduct management and breeding programs on local fig germplasm.