东革阿里种子生物学特性研究

为研究药用植物东革阿里(Eurycoma longifolia)种子的生物学特性,通过形态学观察、种子发芽试验等方法对5个东革阿里种源的种子形态、千粒重、种子含水量、种子发芽率等指标进行测定.结果表明:5个东革阿里种源的种子外观形态差异不大,其千粒重和含水量从大到小排列均为:海岸带种源＞海岛种源＞低地种源＞大陆种源＞山地种源.5个种源中以海岸带种源发芽率最高,为52％;低地种源和海岛种源发芽率低,仅为28％和34％.初步筛选出海岸带种源东革阿里种子可作为优良种质资源.     

恶性入侵植物刺苍耳浸出液对油麦菜种子的化感作用研究

刺苍耳被我国列为外来有害入侵物种,在我国的伊犁河谷地区大规模侵入草原、农田、荒漠、森林生态系统,给当地的生态安全、生态系统的生物多样性和农牧业发展带来严重威胁。为了揭示刺苍耳在入侵地群落演替中的作用及恶性入侵的化学生态学机制,以刺苍耳整株的水提液对油麦菜种子进行处理,探讨刺苍耳水提液对油麦菜种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响。结果表明:随着刺苍耳水提液浓度的增加,受体植物油麦菜种子的萌发率、发芽势、萌发指数均显著受到抑制,种子萌发进程也表现出显著的推迟现象。与对照相比,刺苍耳水提液在0.01g/mL水平即可使油麦菜幼苗的根长受到显著抑制。随着刺苍耳浸提液浓度的增加,油麦菜幼苗的根长逐渐缩短,各处理组与对照间均存在极显著差异,当浓度增至0.08g/mL则表现为完全抑制效应。同时,随着刺苍耳浸提液浓度的增加,油麦菜种子萌发的化感效应指数RI逐渐降低。在同一浸取液浓度下,种子萌发的化感效应指数随萌发时间的增加而降低。因此,刺苍耳植株水提液含有对油麦菜有害的化感物质,抑制其种子萌发和根的伸长生长。     

几种因素对东革阿里的愈伤组织中抗肿瘤药物成分累积的影响(英文)

研究提高东葛阿里的愈伤组织中抗肿瘤药物成分的累积。有些因素(不同培养基成分和物理因素)影响东葛阿里的愈伤组织中抗肿瘤药物成分的积累。结果表明:在1/4MS基本培养基的愈伤组织中获得较高的抗肿瘤药物成分(3.84mg·g-1干重)。与在基本培养基中添加碳源相比,添加2%果糖,抗肿瘤药物成分产量最高(4.59mg·g-1)。添加激素(3,6-Dichloro-o-aniscicacid,2.0mg·L-1),也可提高抗肿瘤药物成分产量(12.3mg·g-1)。在基本培养基pH值为5.5时,可获得较高的抗肿瘤药物成分产量(1.53mg·g-1)。当基本培养基附加苯丙氨酸(1×10-1μM)时,抗肿瘤药物成分产量也被提高到2.34mg·g-1。成功地提取了在试管培养下获得的抗肿瘤药物成分,具有大范围生产的潜力。     

Recruitment potential from asexual and sexual reproduction in Polymeria longifolia

Sexual and asexual reproduction in the perennial Australian weed Polymeria longifolia (polymeria take-all), was assessed using glasshouse and field studies. These studies aimed at elucidating the contribution that each reproductive mechanism makes to the success of the species as a weed in cotton in Australia. Asexual reproduction, including vegetative fragment movement because of cultivation and regeneration from in situ rhizome material, was the predominant means of dispersal and recruitment of the species. Sexual reproduction had a relatively minor but significant role in the reproductive biology of P. longifolia. Seedling establishment was <5% from buried seed in both the glasshouse and field. In the field, seedlings comprised <1% of the total number of new shoots recruited at the start of two consecutive seasons, with <3% of these reaching reproductive maturity. Vegetative fragments were more likely to survive and lead to subsequent shoot production when they were large and intact. Intensive cultivation, where plants of P. longifolia are cut into small fragments, may reduce the survival of fragments moved by cultivation and reduce recruitment from existing populations. Long-term management strategies should focus on reducing the large vegetative flushes of this weed, as well as controlling the small number of seedlings recruited.     

不同营养液浓度对莴苣生长特性的影响

 以长叶莴苣( Lactuca sativa var．1ongifolia Lam．)为试材，研究了NFT栽培条件下莴苣水分与养分吸收特性，以及NFT对其生长发育的影响。试验结果表明，莴苣蒸腾效率前期>中期>后期；整个生育过程中，P、K、Mg的吸收成分组成浓度(养分与水分吸收比，n/w)均低于原始营养液浓度，而Ca则相反；NO3^--N因处理浓度不同而异。叶片中各无机成分含量随生育过程而提高，同一生育期随营养液浓度提高而增加；综合莴苣产量因子与商品性状，以3/4倍园试均衡液最佳。     

见于天目山的2种浙江新记录植物：细齿短梗稠李和长叶赤爬

报道了发现于天日山国家级自然保护区的2种浙江新记录植物——蔷薇科Rosaceae的细齿短梗稠李Padus brachypoda（Batal．）Schneid．vat．microdonta（Koehne）Yu et Ku和葫芦科Cucurbitaceae的长叶赤瓞Thladiantha longifolia Cogn．。图2参7     

长叶点地梅愈伤组织诱导和植株再生

以长叶点地梅（Androsace longifolia）的无菌实生苗的下胚轴和叶片为外植体,研究不同种类、不同浓度的激素组合培养对愈伤组织诱导、芽诱导和生根的影响。结果表明,诱导下胚轴基部愈伤组织的最佳培养基为MS+0.3 mg·L-1 6 BA+0.1 mg·L-1 NAA,诱导率达85%;诱导叶片愈伤的最佳培养基为MS+0.02 mg·L-1 NAA+0.3 mg·L-1 TDZ,诱导率为80%;下胚轴愈伤诱导芽的最佳培养基为MS+0.5 mg·L-1 6 BA+0.2 mg·L-1 NAA,分化率达92.5%;叶片愈伤诱导芽的最佳培养基为MS+1.0 mg·L-1 6 BA+0.2 mg·L-1 NAA,分化率达82.5%;最佳生根培养基为MS+1.0 mg·L-1 IBA,生根率达100%,移栽成活率达95%。     

药用植物东革阿里的研究进展

东革阿里广泛分布于东南亚,是具有抗癌、抗疟疾、改善男性性功能障碍等作用的药用植物.文章主要从植物生物学和生态学特征、化学成分、药理作用、繁殖技术、次生代谢产物的生产等5个方面对其近年来的研究进展进行了综述,并对今后的研究方向进行了展望.     

How to Outgrow Your Native Neighbour? Belowground Changes under Native Shrubs at an Early Stage of Invasion

While it is acknowledged that invasive species are a global driver of land degradation, their effects are often only noticed when the invasion has been going on for a while. However, early stage processes must play a fundamental role in plant establishment until invasive plants are able to outgrow the native vegetation. In ten plots of 100 m² each, we tested the hypothesis that belowground properties are associated with early invasion processes aboveground. We examined the early stage of invasion by a woody legume (Acacia longifolia ), growing in the canopy of native dune shrubs (Corema album ) as a model system in oligotrophic primary dunes in southern Portugal. Biomass under canopies of invaded and non‐invaded C. album shrubs as well as organic matter (OM) distribution in various soil fractions was measured. In accordance with our hypothesis, A. longifolia presence was related to increased C. album foliar δ¹⁵N, a proxy for nitrogen derived from the invasive legume. Under invaded canopies, root and rhizosphere biomass were higher, as was OM in the silt‐clay fraction. Also, δ¹⁵N of the OM in the silt‐clay fraction under invaded canopies was enriched, while δ¹³C was depleted. Finally, we found that the ratio between OM in the biotic versus soil compartment could be a good early indicator for invasion. These findings suggest that even when aboveground invasion pressure on the system is low, it is imperative for ecosystem conservation to remove young plants, as they might alter soil functioning already at an early stage of invasion. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.