基于DOM航空影像单木树冠提取

准确提取单木树冠边界是获取森林数量参数的重要基础，是高分辨率遥感图像林业应用的技术难题。基于DOM航空影像数据源，采用面向对象的方法对研究区内的2个树种的林分进行了单木树冠边界提取研究。首先利用桉树和杉木的空间分布矢量数据对DOM航空影像进行掩膜处理，在掩膜区域内进行多层次多尺度图像分割得到初步树冠分割结果，并剔除非树冠信息；再以树冠信息种子对象为基础，使用区域增长算法对树冠信息种子对象增长得到单木树冠范围；最后使用形态学滤波的方法优化单木树冠边界，完成林区内桉树和杉木两类树种的单木树冠边界提取。结果表明，由于不同树种的树冠存在尺度和形态差异，进行单木树冠分割时需要设置不同的参数才能到达较好的分割效果。本研究中桉树和杉木的单木树冠提取总体精度分别为86.75%与89.21%，可满足林业部门获取森林单木树冠的精度需求。     

正射影像地图的制作及其应用

在经济飞速发展的时代,传统的地形图更新速度远远不能跟上时代发展的步伐,利用卫星遥感影像数据和航空摄影制作数字正射影像地图(Digital Orthophoto Map,缩写DOM),在数字正射影像地图上进行各种专题地图和对地形图的更新应用.     

航空遥感技术在林改宗地勘界中的研究与应用

指出了在集体林权制度改革中,林地宗地勾绘是核心内容,分析了采用高分辨率大比例尺航空正射影像图与电子矢量化地形图叠加进行林改宗地勘界,研究表明：其技术比传统地形图上勾绘宗地方法更能提高工作效率及勾绘精度。     

Chemical characteristics and potential source of fulvic acids leached from the plow layer of paddy soil

To understand better the chemical characteristics and source of dissolved organic matter (DOM) leached from the plow layer of rice paddies, a lysimeter study was conducted, which simulated submerged paddy topsoil during rice growth. The fulvic acid (FA) fraction in the percolation water from the lysimeter was collected by adsorption onto insoluble polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), and the temporal variations in its elemental composition, molecular size distribution, IR spectra, ¹³C CPMAS NMR spectra, and δ¹³C values were investigated. The proportion of the FA fraction to bulk DOM varied greatly, but the chemical characteristics of the FA fraction did not change appreciably during the experimental period. Thus, it is considered that the changes in the DOM composition in percolation water were mainly due to the differing contributions of the FA fraction. Further, to investigate the source of the FA fraction in the leachate, the chemical characteristics of the FA fraction in the leachate were compared with those extracted from the plow layer soil. A sequential extraction of the FA fraction was conducted using a sequence of water, 0.25 M Na₂SO₄, 0.1 M Na₄P₂O₇ (pH 7.0), 0.1 M Na₄P₂O₇ (pH 10.5), and NaBH₄+0.1 M Na₄P₂O₇ (pH 10.5). It was found that the water- and 0.25 M Na₂SO₄-extractable fractions, which were most mobile, were not the only source of the FA fraction in the leachate. The small molecular size sub-fraction of the NaBH₄+0.1 M Na₄P₂O₇ (pH 10.5)-extractable FAs, most of which are probably bound mainly to iron oxides, are considered to be another source of the FA fraction leached from the plow layer of paddy fields.     

基于GIS的小流域坡耕地调查方法探讨

坡耕地研究是水土流失治理及水土保持规划的核心内容 ,GIS的发展及其在多领域的成功应用为坡耕地研究提供了新的技术手段。用矢量基础图件叠加来获取单元图斑的方法是GIS的基本功能 ,但叠加多边形的不确定性成为影响GIS数据质量的灾难性因素。以MapGIS作为基础平台 ,以DOM作为控制底图更新信息 ,采取矢栅叠加的方法获得单元图斑 ,用操作属性表获取专题属性 ,进行小流域坡耕地快速调查的研究 ,展示了矢栅叠加方法在信息复合过程中的显著优势。     

微咸水膜下滴灌条件下绿洲棉田土壤盐分的时空变化规律试验研究

在相同灌水量条件下,以不同比例混合地下咸水(3.56 g/L)和地表淡水(0.4 g/L),采用膜下滴灌方式充分灌溉棉田,探求土壤盐分的时空变化规律.研究表明,棉花生长期间土壤盐分的变化主要受土壤水分运移和地面植被覆盖度的影响;表层土壤盐分波动大,深层土壤盐分波动小;监测层在总合盐量上比未灌水处理前低,但所有微成水处理的都比淡水对照的大;膜下滴灌棉田盐分的变化主要受灌溉水和蒸散发的影响.     

滇池金线鲃全人工繁殖研究

用人绒毛膜促性腺激素(HCG)+促黄体素释放激素类似物(LRH-A2)+马来酸地欧酮(DOM)组成的混合催产剂对滇池金线鲃催产获得成功,单独用人绒毛膜促性腺激素或鲤鱼脑垂体(PG)+人绒毛膜促性腺激素的混合催产剂均催产失败。采取2次注射催产效果明显,第1次用2μg/kgLRH-A2催熟,第2次用8μg/kgLRH-A2+3mg/kgDOM+1000IU/kgHCG催产,能获得88.5%的催产率。催产成功后,采取遮光孵化,孵化率明显提高。     

Limited effects of land use on soil dissolved organic matter chemistry as assessed by excitation–emission fluorescence spectroscopy and molecular weight fractionation

Dissolved organic matter (DOM) in soil solution represents a complex mixture of organic molecules and plays a central role in carbon and nitrogen cycling in plant–microbial–soil systems. We tested whether excitation–emission matrix (EEM) fluorescence spectroscopy can be used to characterize DOM and support previous findings that the majority of DOM is of high molecular weight (MW). EEM fluorescence spectroscopy was used in conjunction with MW fractionation to characterize DOM in soil solution from a grassland soil land management gradient in North Wales, UK. Data analysis suggested that three distinct fluorescence components could be separated and identified from the EEM data. These components were identified as being of humic‐like or fulvic‐like origin. Contrary to expectations, the majority of the fluorescence signal occurred in the small MW (<1 kDa) fraction, although differences between soils from the differently managed grasslands were more apparent in larger MW fractions. We conclude that following further characterization of the chemical composition of the fluorophores, EEM has potential as a sensitive technique for characterizing the small MW phenolic fraction of DOM in soils.     

土壤可溶性有机质研究进展

可溶性有机质（DOM）是陆地生态系统重要的活性碳源和养分库,在土壤有机质的降解和矿化过程中发挥着关键作用,决定着土壤微生物区系和土壤生物学活性,在森林生态系统生命元素的生物地球化学物质循环中具有重要作用。本文介绍可溶性有机质的基本概念及其研究方法,分析和探讨可溶性有机质的影响因素及其发展趋势。