墨西哥柏实生种子园营建及其优树子代测定的研究

通过种子园与子代测定相结合的方式,在位于滇中的石林林场建立了含102个优树(家系)的墨西哥柏实生种子园,从中探讨了墨西哥柏实生种子园的营建途径。对该种子园的52个墨西哥柏自由授粉优树子代测定的结果表明,墨西哥柏速生,10年生树高、胸径、材积、冠幅的年均生长量分别为1.04 m、1.43 cm、0.009 6m3和0.22 m。生长性状和结实性状家系间的差异达显著水平。树高、胸径、材积、冠幅、结实量的家系遗传力分别为0.76、0.66、0.68、0.74和0.65,单株遗传力分别为0.27、0.16、0.18、0.23和0.16,其生长性状和结实性状呈显著的负相关。从该种子园中评选出了9个优良家系,22个优良单株,其材积遗传增益平均为13.47%和25.2%。此外,还揭示了墨西哥柏10年生期间的生长规律。     

昆明动物园野生小白鹭营巢高度选择与营巢材料研究

对昆明动物园内干香柏树上营巢的野生小白鹭进行研究,测算其最低适宜营巢枝干和实际最低营巢枝干占树高的百分比,并检测两者的差异显著性。结果表明,实际营巢高度与适宜营巢高度占树高百分比存在显著差异,可能因为亲鸟为避免来自地面的干扰,选择离地较高的位置繁育后代。通过分析坠落鸟巢的构成材料,发现其由268根植物枝条构成,其中91%为干香柏,与主要营巢树一致,说明此地可能由于提供丰富的营巢材料而被鹭群选择成为繁殖地。建议公园积极加强野生涉禽的科学管理,降低繁殖区内及周边的干扰。     

Phellinus torulosus on Cupressus sempervirens in Italy

Phellinus torulosus was reported for the first time on Cupressus sempervirens in Tuscany, Italy. This fungus causes white rot in roots and stems and may also invade and kill the cortical tissue. The invasion of trees by the fungus and its subsequent spread is probably facilitated by fire scars.     

Relationships between soil and foliar nutrients in young densely planted mini-plots of Pinus radiata and Cupressus lusitanica

The long-term nature of forest crop rotations makes it difficult to determine impacts of forestry on soil nutrients that might be depleted by forest growth. We used small scale, highly stocked plots to compress the length of the rotation and rapidly induce nutrient depletion. In the study, two species (Pinus radiata D. Don and Cupressus lusitanica Miller) are compared under two disturbance regimes (soil undisturbed and compacted), and two fertiliser treatments (nil and plus fertiliser), applied in factorial combination at 33 sites, covering the range of climatic and edaphic variation found in plantation forests across New Zealand. To assess our ability to rapidly highlight important soil properties, foliar nutrient concentrations were determined 20 months after planting. It was hypothesised that the densely planted plots, even at a young age, would create sufficient pressure on nutrient resources to allow development of relationships between properties used as indicies of soil nutrient availability and foliar nutrient concentrations. For both species significant relationships between foliar nutrients and 0–10 cm layer soil properties from unfertilised plots were evident for N (total and mineralisable N) and P (total, acid extractable, organic, Bray-2 and Olsen P). With the exception of Ca in C. lusitanica, foliar K, Ca and Mg were correlated with their respective soil exchangeable cation measures. The results thus confirm the utility of the experimental approach and the relevance of the measured soil properties for forest productivity.

In unfertilised plots foliar N and P concentrations in P. radiata exceeded those in C. lusitanica, the differences being eliminated by fertiliser application. Foliar N/P ratios in P. radiata also exceeded those in C. lusitanica. In contrast to N and P, foliar K, Ca and Mg concentrations were all higher in C. lusitanica, the difference being particularly marked for Ca and Mg. P. radiata contained substantially higher concentrations of the metals Zn, Mn and Al than C. lusitanica, whereas the latter contained higher B concentrations. Possible reasons for differences between species in foliar nutrient concentrations are discussed.     

巨柏种子活力与濒危的关系

鉴于巨柏目前的濒危状况,通过对巨柏天然分布的3个居群(雅鲁藏布江朗县段、米林县、林芝县)进行野外观察和测量以及TTC法种子活力测定,研究了巨柏结实状况、种子形态特征、种实受害和种子活力、出芽率等与濒危的关系,结果表明:巨柏成熟个体有70%～80%不结实或结实极少,健康球果平均含种子58粒;树体大多受樵采危害,种实受病虫、鸟鼠危害严重,是导致巨柏濒危的主要外因;种子活力最高只有39.8%,平均只达到34.6%,远远低于红松、杉木等的种子活力;种子发芽率较低,平均只达到32.67%,是导致巨柏濒危的主要内因;种子品质和其所处生境的温湿条件不利于巨柏个体繁殖和种群扩散。     

柏木属引种研究

柏木属为常绿乔木。现已定名有24种。分布在北半球。美洲从俄勒冈到墨西哥,欧亚大陆从地中海地区到中国喜马拉雅山地。中国原产有5种。江苏从1930年以来已栽培有8个种和10多个不同种源。墨西哥柏危地马拉种源生长最快,但树冠大,干型较弯曲。墨西哥柏肯尼亚①,②,③3个种源生长快,树冠紧凑,干型通直。绿子柏和垂柏比墨西哥柏耐寒性强。本文同时介绍了柏木属的种子和扦插育苗技术。     

一种新的估测林木现存量数学模型的探讨

本文利用相关系数(r)和剩余标准差(SD),探讨了6种不同数学模型估测柏木人工林现存量的效果。发现方程W=a+b_1D+b_2D~1+b_3DH+b_4H+b_5H~2是估测干材、树皮、枝、叶、根、地上部分、地下部分和全株现存量的最优模型,而且普遍适用于不同立地类型、林型和年龄的林分。并且对不同器官估测效果优劣进行了比较,结论是:干材>枝>叶>树皮>根。     

雷蘑胞外多糖抗肿瘤活性研究

从雷蘑AS 5.105深层发酵的滤液中分离得到胞外粗多糖CGP,以KM系S180荷瘤小白鼠为实验模型,用免疫器官重量法,进行高、中、低剂量CGP的腹腔注射实验。结果表明,CGP具有较高的抑瘤活性,并与剂量呈显著相关性;高剂量组与对照组相比较,小白鼠胸腺指数和脾脏指数均有显著增加,P<0.05;与低剂量组相比较,脾脏指数有显著增加,P<0.05。表明CGP能明显提高小白鼠的免疫功能。     

橄榄竹引种试验研究

通过对橄榄竹的引种、繁殖和适应性试验及栽培调查,认为橄榄竹繁殖容易,适应性强。在北亚热带轻霜地区种植,生长良好,可作观赏栽培和园林绿化造林。影响其成活的主要限制因子是母竹的质量、栽培时间及当年冬季低温寒害等。若定植当年和翌年春采取保护措施,待其根系、地下茎和茎秆抗性增强后,便可抵御一定程度的寒害。     

Genetic differences between autochthonous and breeding populations of common cypress (Cupressus sempervirens L.) in Greece

Individuals were selected for resistance against the imperfect fungus Seiridium cardinale Wag in six common cypress populations (Cupressus sempervirens L.) in Greece. A total of 109 resistant clones and 140 trees from their base populations were surveyed at several allozyme loci. The comparison yielded information on changes in genetic variation due to artificial selection. The genetic structure of the breeding populations was similar to their base populations. Nevertheless, the number of rare alleles among the resistant clones had decreased, showing a similar trend at most loci and for most comparisons. Possible implications for breeding strategies are discussed.