栓皮栎软木研究进展

文章从软木的解剖结构、化学组成、主要特性以及复合材料等方面,阐述了国内栓皮栎软木的研究进展。建议今后应加强栓皮栎软木资源培育和基础特性研究,加大技术创新,提高软木行业竞争力,建立符合国情的软木标准体系。     

栓皮栎人工林栽培技术

栓皮栎是壳斗科栎属的高大乔木树种,是最重要的经济树种和用材树种之一。它的树皮(栓皮),也叫软木,具有比重小、弹性好、浮力大,不透水、不透气,耐酸、耐碱,绝缘,保温、隔音及不易与化学药品起反应的优点。经过加工可制成软木砖,软木纸等多种制品,用于医药、食品、建筑等方面,是国家不可缺的重要原料。     

水分胁迫对栓皮栎幼苗生理特性及生长的影响

通过盆栽实验，研究了在不同的水分条件下栓皮栎幼苗生理特性的变化和苗木生长量的变化。研究表明，在水分胁迫初期，随土壤含水量的降低，栓皮栎叶片的净光合速率、蒸腾速率下降，而水分利用效率提高。在水分胁迫末期，由于长期的干旱胁迫，水分条件最差的一组苗木已干枯死亡，土壤含水量从38．123％下降到20．323％时，净光合速率和蒸腾速率均下降，水分利用效率也下降。随着土壤含水量的降低，苗高、地径和生物量均有下降的趋势，其中生物量下降的幅度最大。     

新型软木原料栓皮槠的采剥,再生试验及理化性能研究

对栓皮槠与栓皮烁树初再生皮在采剥难易、含皮量、再生速度、再生率及其栓皮在外观、质量、化学组成的差异及地理差异等方面进行的对照试验结果表明：栓皮槠栓皮质量好，再生能力强，产皮厚，剥皮工效高，经济效益好，是优良栓皮树种，可用来改造我国的栓皮烁林。     

覆膜技术对栓皮栎成活与生长的影响

连续2年(2003年秋-2005年秋)通过覆膜对栓皮栎造林成活与生长的影响进行调查分析发现,成活率由59％提高到96％;高度年均生长量提高了21．5 cm,地径年均生长量提高了1．5 mm。分析其原因是:覆膜可以起到保墒、保温的作用,并且抑制了幼树周围杂草的生长。     

刺槐栓皮栎混交林调查报告

50年代末期,徂徕山林场营造栓皮栎纯林200余公顷,由于造林成活率较低,补植了部分刺槐,从而形成不周混交类型和比例的混交林。为了总结刺槐和栎类树种,混交造林的效果,为今后山区造林提供依据,我们于1981～1983年进行了调查,其结果分析如下。     

栓皮栎波尺蛾生物学特性观察及防治研究

栓皮栎波尺蛾ＬａｖｅｒａｎｎｉｓｆｉｌｉｐｊｅｒｉＷｅｈｒｉｌ是栎类树木的重要食叶害虫。该虫在河南省西峡县一年１代，以蛹在地表层越冬，蛹期长达９个月。采用久效磷树干涂环；２５００倍敌杀死（或速灭杀丁）叶面喷雾及敌马（或林丹）烟剂地面熏杀，防治效果可达８５％。     

6个栓皮栎种源种子形态及其幼苗生长的比较

[Objective]To compare the differences of seed morphological characters among provinces of Quercus variabilis Bl.,and explore the adaptive growth status of seedlings growing in the central distribution area. [Method]The seeds of 6 Q. variabilis provenances from six provinceswerecollected, and the seedlings were cultivated and transplanted to experimental field in the centre of natural distribution range (Wuhan Jiufeng National Forest Park), then the seed morphology and one-year seedling growth traitswere surveyed. [Result](1)There were significantor extremely significantdifferences among provenances in seed length, seed width, seed length/width ratio and 100-seed mass, the order of seed length among provenances was Beijing Provenance (22.28 mm),Hubei Provenance (22.10 mm), He'nan Provenance (20.80 mm), Shaanxi Provenance (19.57 mm), Yunnan Provenance (18.93 mm)and Liaoning Provenance (18.81 mm), the seed width of Beijing Provenance (19.71 mm) and Hubei Provenance (19.16 mm) was higher than that of the others, the seed length/width ratio of He'nan Provenance (1.38) was extremely significantly higher than that of the others; (2)There were significant or extremely significant differences among provenances in seedling height, ground diameter, leaf number, branching number and seedling height/ground diameter, the Beijing Provenance and Hubei Provenance were better in seedling height and leaf number, which were respectively 19.54 cm and 20.26 cm, 8.32 leaves and 9.50 leaves; (3)A decreasing trend with time for seedling growth traits among provenances was found; (4)There was a positive relationship between seed morphological characters and seedling growth traits except seed length/width ratio; the leaf number was significantly related to ground diameter and branching number and the seedling height and leaf number were closely related to the seed morphological characters; (5)It showed a decreasing trend with the growth time in the relationship between seedling growth traits and 100-seed mass. [Conclusion]The seedlings of Beijing Provenance and Hubei Provenance grew better in the experimental field which might be related to their larger seed mass, and the Yunnan Provenance in the south margin and the Liaoning Provenance in the north margin of distribution area of Q. variabilis grew weaker than the provenances in the centre of distribution area.With the effect of climate change, provenances in the margin of distribution area may lose in the community competition in the seedling stage if it cannot take advantage of its dispersal and settlement and affected by the disadvantage of growth and competition, so that the distribution and population renewal would surely be affected.     

栓皮栎软木化学除杂技术研究北大核心

该研究以产自我国陕西秦巴山区的栓皮栎软木初生皮为原材料,对栓皮栎软木化学除杂技术进行了探索。试验发现,将软木块浸泡于5.82mol/L盐酸溶液与6.12mol/L硫酸溶液体积比4:3的混合溶液中,并在恒温水浴60℃条件下浸泡20h的处理条件下软木除杂效果较优;通过扫描电镜对处理前后软木微观构造的对比观察,发现杂质细胞由之前的排列整齐变为杂乱,细胞间隙增大,且质地变疏松,易被剥离,而软木细胞未发生明显变化,表明此除杂工艺能够对软木产生明显的除杂效果。     

北京地区栓皮栎地上部分生物量的研究

以北京地区栓皮栎人工林为研究对象,应用典型样地调查法和相对生长法对乔木生物量展开研究,结果显示：各器官中生物量大小顺序为树干〉枝条〉叶片,其中树干约占65%,树冠约占35%。通过回归分析探讨了各变量的相关性,并对其各器官的生物量与胸径和树高进行模型拟合。其中树干和树冠的生物量与胸径、树高的拟合方程分别是：W=0.018（D2H）1.09、W=0.9（D）2.128。