暗期短暂远红光处理对南瓜幼苗生长、细胞形态和激素含量的影响

【目的】研究暗期前短暂远红光处理对南瓜幼苗生长形态、组织细胞形态和相关激素水平的影响,为远红光在农业上的应用提供理论依据。【方法】以南瓜品种‘日本雪松’为试验材料,分别在暗期前给予2（T1）、4（T2）、6（T3）、8（T4）、10（T5）和12（T6）mmol·m^-2·d^-1的远红光处理,以无远红光处理为对照（CK）,测定植株生长形态下胚轴细胞形态以及生长素（IAA）、玉米素（ZT）、赤霉素（GA₃）与油菜素内酯（BR）含量。【结果】在暗期短时外施远红光能显著提高南瓜幼苗下胚轴长度和株高,对植株茎粗,地上、地下部干/鲜重无显著影响;2、4、6、8、10和12 mmol·m^-2·d^-1远红光处理的下胚轴薄壁细胞轴向长度分别比CK显著增加34.6%、20.7%、31.3%、25.6%、32.8%和20.9%;下胚轴厚角组织厚度分别比CK显著增加19.6%、22.4%、21.2%、23.9%、19.6%和28%;经暗期前远红光处理后,南瓜幼苗根中生长素（IAA）含量,下胚轴中生长素（IAA）、赤霉素（GA₃）、玉米素（ZT）含量,子叶中生长素（IAA)、赤霉素（GA₃）、油菜素内酯（BR）含量以及真叶中生长素（IAA）与油菜素内酯（BR）含量均得到显著提高。【结论】暗期前短时远红光处理可能通过提高激素含量,进而改变细胞形态,促进下胚轴伸长生长。     

三种甘草下胚轴及子叶节区的初步研究

三种甘草维管组织在下胚轴、子叶节区内的排列形式及变化规律一致，但不同的种维管组织排列成不同形式所经过的距离有所不同。下胚轴是根和子叶间维管组织转变的过渡区，而根的初生维管组织与上胚轴的维管组织无直接的联系。在过渡区内外始式的木质部经过后生木质部分离、拉开呈一条直线的过程，然后在子叶节区靠合形成子叶的内始式木质部。在子叶节区子叶迹分化完成，上胚轴维管组织开始分化，同时在子叶迹与上胚轴维管组织之间有芽的分化。     

Impaired larval development in broods of eelpout (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Zoarces viviparus</Emphasis>) in Danish coastal waters

Eelpouts (Zoarces viviparus), a viviparous fish, were sampled in Danish coastal waters during October and November 2001 and 2002, in ten different areas, which are receiving effluents from cities and industry to more or minor degree. The presence of gross abnormalities in eelpout broods has been suggested to be a useful biomarker of the impact of hazardous substances on fish reproduction in the marine environment as chronic exposure to various substances has the potential to induce severe developmental defects in fish embryos and larvae. Relatively high frequencies of female eelpouts (20–53) with elevated levels (>5) of larvae with developmental defects in the broods were found in four shallow fjords with effluents from larger cities and industry compared to areas. Deformations like spiral or bend shapes of the spinal axis, cranio-facial defects, eye lesions or loss of eyes were the dominating types. In some ofthe areas with the highest incidences of developmental defects, the adults had significantly enlarged livers, which may also be a possible effect caused by contaminant exposure. In two of the areas, relatively high frequencies of the broods contained larvae, which had died late but without any visible developmental defects. These two areas were affected by severe oxygen depletion prior to sampling time suggesting that examination of broods in the eelpout may include not only impact of hazardous substances but also effect of eutrophication-related problems on fish reproduction in the marine environment.     

不同激素处理对假酸浆种子萌发的影响

【目的】假酸浆因种子外被胶质严重影响种子的萌发,探究不同处理对假酸浆种子萌发的影响,增加其种子的萌发率。【方法】以假酸浆种子为试材,采用随机区组法,设置种子放置在纱布上 4 ℃低温处理,以及赤霉素（GA3）、6- 苄氨基腺嘌呤（6-BA）和萘乙酸（NAA）的 MS 培养基处理,定期观察并作记录。【结果】与常温对照相比,种子放置在纱布上 4 ℃低温处理显著促进假酸浆种子萌发,以处理 48 h 发芽率最高为 25 个百分点。MS 培养基添加激素处理中,10 mg/L GA3 处理假酸浆种子发芽率和发芽指数分别为 92.00% 和9.58,比 CK 分别提高 4.27 个百分点和 1.33;1 mg/L 6-BA 处理假酸浆种子发芽率最高、为 96.63%,2 mg/L 6-BA处理发芽势最高、为 73.33%,比 CK 分别增加 8.9 个百分点和 10.07 个百分点;1、2 mg/L NAA 处理假酸浆种子发芽率均为 88.86%,但发芽势和发芽指数均比 CK 低;与 CK 相比,10、50 mg/L GA3 处理假酸浆种子下胚轴长度显著增加,而 6-BA 和 NAA 处理的下胚轴长度显著降低。【结论】低温处理能够显著促进假酸浆种子萌发,MS 培养基添加低浓度激素处理均能提高假酸浆种子的发芽率,通过发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数和下胚轴长度综合比较,假酸浆种子的最佳激素处理为 MS+10 mg/L GA3。     

Direct evidence of multiple paternities in natural population of viviparous Japanese surfperch by allelic markers of microsatellite DNA loci

This study was performed to obtain information on the occurrence of multiple paternities in three species of viviparous Japanese surfperch using allelic markers of microsatellite DNA loci. Direct evidence for multiple fertilizations was established by reconstructing paternal genotypes from the progeny of gravid females. Multiple paternities were ascertained in five of 10 broods of Ditrema temmincki and in three of nine broods of Neoditrema ransonneti, but not in Ditrema viride. The number of patrilines detected in the progeny of D. temmincki and N. ransonneti females were two or three, respectively, as determined by the GERUD v2.0 algorithm for reconstructing parental genotypes from half-sib progeny arrays.     

离体条件下抗生素对棉花愈伤组织生长的影响

研究了 3种抗生素对中棉所 19下胚轴愈伤组织生长的影响。结果表明 ,卡那霉素对棉花下胚轴的愈伤组织形成和增殖均有明显抑制作用 ,其浓度低于 10 0 mg· L -1时 ,随着其浓度增加 ,愈伤组织诱导率降低 ,增殖率下降 ;其浓度高于 10 0mg· L-1 时不能诱导愈伤组织发生。羧苄青霉素和头孢霉素对棉花下胚轴愈伤组织诱导率没有影响 ,浓度高于 2 5 0 mg· L-1 时对其增殖有轻微抑制作用。     

A Simple Method of Inducing Somatic Embryogenesis in Brassica juncea (L.) Czern & Coss.

A single-step method for the induction and development of somatic embryoids from hypocotyls explains of Brassica juncea is reported. On modified MS medium containing 2 % sucrose, 0.25 mgl ¹ 2,4-D, 0.5 mgl ¹ each of NAA and BaP-R, each explant calluses at both of and at its best, 31% of explants produce embryoids. In the variety RLM-198, the number of embryoids ranges from 8–21 per culture. Each embryoid, upon proliferation, developed up to the 25 shoots. The method is rapid; the time La ken from inoculation to the development of intact plantlets is 8–10 weeks. Regenerated plants have flowered normally and have set seed. The system can profitably be used for in vitro mutant selection and early bulking in mustard.     

农杆菌介导胡萝卜转化体系的诱导培养基优化

高频再生系统是外源基因成功转化的先决条件,但再生系统不等同于转化系统。为提高农杆菌共培养后胡萝卜的再生频率,以日本新黑田五寸参和林丰改良五寸参2个品种胡萝卜下胚轴为外植体,利用农杆菌介导法将人源白细胞介素-2基因(IL-2)导入其中,探讨了共培养后诱导培养基中激素浓度和筛选剂对再生的影响。结果显示:不同基因型胡萝卜的分化对激素浓度的反应不同,林丰改良五寸参在3种培养基上的胚性愈伤率差异不显著;日本新黑田五寸参胚性愈伤率和每个外植体分化的抗性株数随激素浓度的提高而呈上升趋势,2,4-D和6-BA浓度为1.0mg/L时胚性愈伤率和每个外植体分化的抗性株数最高,分别为87.50%和59株;日本新黑田五寸参以bar基因为标记基因、PPT作筛选剂时,分化较好。因此,遗传转化过程中,为提高共培养后胡萝卜胚状体的分化率,对共培养后的诱导培养基进行再优化是必要的。     

茄子组织培养再生体系研究初报

以茄子的子叶和下胚轴为外植体,研究了不同激素组合对外植体分化的影响,建立茄子下胚轴高效再生体系,并初步探讨了温度对植株再分化的影响.结果表明:下胚轴不定芽诱导的最适培养基为MS NAA 0.2 mg/L 6-BA 2.5 mg/L,芽诱导率为46%;子叶不定芽诱导的最适培养基为MS NAA 0.2 mg/L KT 2.0 mg/L,芽诱导率为37%.     

外源硫化氢对镉胁迫下黄瓜胚轴和胚根生理生化特性的影响

 以黄瓜（Cucumis sativus L.）种子为试材,研究了外源H₂S预处理对镉胁迫下黄瓜胚轴和胚根生理生化特性的影响。结果表明：用浓度为300、600、900和1 200 μmol · L^-1的H₂S供体NaHS预处理黄瓜种子均能显著缓解镉胁迫对其胚轴和胚根的抑制作用,其中以900 μmol · L^-1 NaHS处理效果最好。NaHS处理显著提高了镉胁迫下黄瓜子叶中淀粉酶的活性及胚轴与胚根中SOD、POD、CAT和APX活性,提高了二苯代苦味酰基自由基（DPPH· ）清除能力和羟基自由基（OH· ）清除能力,从而降低了MDA和H₂O₂含量,而其他钠盐（Na₂S、Na₂SO₄、NaHSO₄、Na₂SO₃、NaHSO₃和NaAc）处理效果甚微,表明NaHS缓解镉胁迫对黄瓜胚轴和胚根生长的抑制作用归因于其释放出的H₂S。