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1.
为解决罗非鱼链球菌感染难题,本研究在抗菌肽菌丝霉素分泌型丁酸梭菌制剂的基础上,对其进行了抑菌活性、稳定性和罗非鱼养殖应用研究。结果发现:表达产物菌丝霉素对常见致病菌如大肠杆菌、沙门氏菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、蜡样芽孢杆菌和猪链球菌均有较好的抑菌活性。选用米糠作为菌丝霉素分泌型丁酸梭菌的保护剂载体,此制剂可在常温保存一年。通过上述的应用基础试验,初步建立一套菌丝霉素分泌型丁酸梭菌制剂养殖应用方案,此方案可显著降低罗非鱼链球菌病发病率58.6%以上。本研究为丁酸梭菌制剂在防治罗非鱼链球菌病应用方面提供了参考,此制剂有望替代抗生素,促进罗非鱼养殖业的持续健康发展。  相似文献   
2.
以水解度和α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制率为评价指标,确定双酶复合水解罗非鱼下脚料的方案,并通过单因素试验和正交试验进行优化,最后得到最适酶解工艺参数为先在碱性蛋白酶在温度50℃,加酶量10000 U/g,pH值9.5,底物质量分数6%条件下水解;再在胰蛋白酶在温度37℃,加酶量10000 U/g,pH值8条件下水解100 min。此工艺条件下罗非鱼下脚料水解度、水解产物的α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制率分别为48.26%和41.46%。  相似文献   
3.
Sixteen countries, including Bangladesh, have reported the presence of tilapia lake virus (TiLV), an emerging tilapia pathogen. Fish polyculture is a common farming practice in Bangladesh. Some unusual mortalities reported in species co-cultivated with TiLV-infected tilapia led us to investigate whether any of the co-cultivated species would also test positive for TiLV and whether they were susceptible to TiLV infection under controlled laboratory experiments. Using 183 samples obtained from 15 farms in six districts across Bangladesh, we determined that 20% of the farms tested positive for TiLV in tilapia, while 15 co-cultivated fish species and seven other invertebrates (e.g. insects and crustaceans) considered potential carriers all tested negative. Of the six representative fish species experimentally infected with TiLV, only Nile tilapia showed the typical clinical signs of the disease, with 70% mortality within 12 days. By contrast, four carp species and one catfish species challenged with TiLV showed no signs of TiLV infection. Challenged tilapia were confirmed as TiLV-positive by RT-qPCR, while challenged carp and walking catfish all tested negative. Overall, our field and laboratory findings indicate that species used in polycultures are not susceptible to TiLV. Although current evidence suggests that TiLV is likely host-specific to tilapia, targeted surveillance for TiLV in other fish species in polyculture systems should continue, in order to prepare for a possible future scenario where TiLV mutates and/or adapts to new host(s).  相似文献   
4.
为了研究甘草总黄酮对高脂饲料造成的罗非鱼(Oreochromis niloticus)脂肪肝损伤是否具有保护作用,随机将180尾健康无伤罗非鱼分成6组,即对照组、高脂饲料模型组和4个不同浓度甘草总黄酮组(0.05、0.10、0.50、1.00 g·kg-1甘草总黄酮),每组30尾。饲喂90 d后,采集罗非鱼各实验组肝,测定肝匀浆中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性、还原型谷胱甘肽(GSH)活性、丙二醛(MDA)含量、甘油三酯(TG)含量、总胆固醇(TC)含量、总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)水平,Western blotting法检测肝中核转录因子-κB P65(NF-κB P65)和核转录因子-κB C-Rel (NF-κB C-Rel)蛋白表达水平,RT-PCR法测定肝中微粒体甘油三酸酯转移蛋白(MTTP)和载脂蛋白B100(ApoB100)基因表达情况。结果表明:与对照组相比,高脂饲料模型组罗非鱼肝匀浆中TG、TC、MDA含量极显著(P<0.01)升高,GSH活性、SOD活性、T-AOC水平均极显著(P<0.01)降低;MTTPApoB100 mRNA表达水平降低(P<0.01或P<0.05);Western blotting结果显示,NF-κB P 65和C-Rel蛋白表达水平升高。饲料中加入甘草总黄酮后,与高脂饲料模型组相比,罗非鱼肝中GSH活性、SOD活性、T-AOC水平不同程度提高,TC、TG、MDA含量和NF-κB P65、C-Rel蛋白表达水平不同程度降低,MTTPApoB100的mRNA表达水平升高,以0.50 g·kg-1甘草总黄酮组效果较好。说明甘草总黄酮对于罗非鱼脂肪肝损伤具有一定的保护作用,可以缓解高脂饲料造成的脂肪肝损伤。  相似文献   
5.
Co-infections commonly arise when two or multiple different pathogens infect the same host, either as simultaneous or as secondary concurrent infection. This potentiates their pathogenic effects and leads to serious negative consequences on the exposed host. Numerous studies on the occurrence of the bacterial, parasitic, fungal and viral co-infections were conducted in various tilapia species. Co-infections have been associated with serious negative impacts on susceptible fish because they increase the fish susceptibility to diseases and the likelihood of outbreaks in the affected fish. Co-infections can alter the disease course and increase the severity of disease through synergistic and, more rarely, antagonistic interactions. In this review, reports on the synergistic co-infections and their impacts on the affected tilapia species are highlighted. Additionally, their pathogenic mechanisms are briefly discussed. Tilapia producers should be aware of the possible occurrence of co-infections and their effects on the affected tilapia species and in particular of the clinical signs and course of the disease. To date, there is still limited information regarding the pathogenicity mechanisms and pathogen interactions during these co-infections. This is generally due to low awareness regarding co-infections, and in many cases, a dominant pathogen is perceived to be of vital importance and hence becomes the target of treatment while the treatment of the co-infectious agents is neglected. This review article aimed at raising awareness regarding co-infections and helping researchers and fish health specialists pay greater attention to these natural cases, leading to increased research and more consistent diagnosis of co-infectious outbreaks in order to improve control strategies to protect tilapia when infected with multiple pathogens.  相似文献   
6.
Tilapia lake virus (TiLV) is an emerging pathogen in aquaculture, reportedly affecting farmed tilapia in 16 countries across multiple continents. Following an early warning in 2017 that TiLV might be widespread, we executed a surveillance programme on tilapia grow-out farms and hatcheries from 10 districts of Bangladesh in 2017 and 2019. Among farms experiencing unusual mortality, eight out of 11 farms tested positive for TiLV in 2017, and two out of seven tested positive in 2019. Investigation of asymptomatic broodstock collected from 16 tilapia hatcheries revealed that six hatcheries tested positive for TiLV. Representative samples subjected to histopathology confirmed pathognomonic lesions of syncytial hepatitis. We recovered three complete genomes of TiLV from infected fish, one from 2017 and two from 2019. Phylogenetic analyses based on both the concatenated coding sequences of 10 segments and only segment 1 consistently revealed that Bangladeshi TiLV isolates formed a unique cluster within Thai clade, suggesting a close genetic relation. In summary, this study revealed the circulation of TiLV in 10 farms and six hatcheries located in eight districts of Bangladesh. We recommend continuing TiLV-targeted surveillance efforts to identify contaminated sources to minimize the countrywide spread and severity of TiLV infection.  相似文献   
7.
Due to the ambient temperature fluctuation during the process of storage, transportation, and sale, frozen fillets may go through frozen-thawed cycles that result in quality changes. In order to detect the frozen-thawed cycles in frozen tilapia fillets, near infrared spectroscopy was applied. The thawing loss, cooking loss, moisture content, total volatile basic nitrogen, and texture profile of fillets in seven frozen-thawed cycles were analyzed to reflect the change of quality. A total of 60 fillets were used to collect the spectra on both dorsal and belly flesh in frozen and thawed state from the first to the seventh cycle. The results showed that there is a better discrimination among the once and the repeated frozen-thawed samples in the frozen state than the thawed state. Frozen samples were still conducive to the differentiation and had higher classification accuracy, ranging from 80% to 93.33%. Dorsal flesh was more beneficial for the differentiation than belly flesh and had the highest accuracy, ranging from 86.67% to 93.33% in the frozen state. These results showed that the nondestructive and fast detection of repeated frozen-thawed cycles in frozen tilapia fillets can be accomplished by near infrared spectroscopy, which has enormous potential for practical application.  相似文献   
8.
Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) is currently one of the most farmed freshwater fish and contributes significantly to total global aquaculture production. The genetically improved strain of O. niloticus (GIFT) was introduced to Papua New Guinea (PNG) in 1999 to improve food and income security. The high cost and low availability of commercial fish feed hinder the growth of GIFT farming in PNG. Stable carbon and nitrogen isotopes were used to determine the role of supplementary and natural food sources in the diet of GIFT in pond‐based aquaculture. Two treatments were used: treatment 1 was daily feeding, and treatment 2 was weekly feeding, each with three replicates. Isotopic analysis of muscle tissue and all potential food sources showed that pellet feed contributed 7% to the growth of GIFT in daily‐fed ponds and 33% in the weekly‐fed ponds. Highly enriched δ15N values for chicken manure, compared to depleted values for GIFT and other natural food sources in both treatments, clearly indicate insignificant contributions of this input to production. After 90 days of cultivation, the average final body weight of GIFT receiving daily feed inputs was 134 g (average 19 cm), while for weekly‐fed it was 92 g (17 cm). The feed conversion ratio (FCR) was poor (6.4:1) in the daily‐fed GIFT ponds compared to a better, and preferable, FCR (1:1) in the weekly‐fed ponds. The findings of this study show that pelleted feed was not the major contributor to the growth of GIFT. Genetically improved farmed tilapia aquaculture should focus on enhancing natural food availability for fish production.  相似文献   
9.
Four isocaloric‐isonitrogenous diets containing 0, 50, 100 and 190 g/kg corn protein concentrate (CPC) as replacement for dietary fish meal were fed to Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus fingerlings for 8 weeks. Tilapia growth parameters were not significantly (p > .05) different in fish fed diets with 0, 50 and 100 g/kg CPC and found to be superior compared to those fed on 190 g/kg CPC. Fish dressing ratios and body composition were similar among all treatments. The electron microscope indicated that the stomach size of control fish was slightly smaller and the wall was thinner while the stomach of the fish fed all other levels of CPC undergone a remarkable size increase and their walls were thicker after feeding diets with CPC. Total aerobic bacterial and coliform counts were significantly decreased in fish intestine when fed diets with 100 and 190 g/kg CPC compared with fish fed diets with 0 g/kg or 50 g/kg CPC. This study indicates that it is possible to replace up to 534 g/kg of dietary fish meal in tilapia fingerlings using 100 g/kg of CPC without any negative effect on fish growth and proximate body composition.  相似文献   
10.
X Luo  G Liao  C Liu  X Jiang  M Lin  C Zhao  J Tao  Z Huang 《Journal of fish diseases》2018,41(10):1477-1484
Streptococcus agalactiae is a causative agent responsible for massive mortalities of tilapia that has led to catastrophic losses to tilapia culture globally. Bacteriophages represent a new class of antimicrobials against bacteria. In this study, we characterized the bacteriophage HN48, which formed small and round‐transparent plaques on a double‐layer plate. With a hexagonal head and a long tail, this phage may belong to the Caudovirales according to the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses. HN48 was found to have a relatively wide and highly specific host range, to be sensitive to high temperature (60–80°C) and low pH (3–5), and to be relatively stable at alkaline pH (8–10). Intraperitoneal injection with HN48 had no adverse effects on tilapia and effectively inactivated the bacteria in the kidney. Fish that received phage therapy had 60% ± 3.3% survival rates and a delayed mean death time of about 3 days when compared to the control group. To the best of knowledge, this is the first study of tilapia streptococcal phage. Overall, the results indicated that phage HN48 could prevent tilapia from experimental S. agalactiae infection, suggesting it has the potential to control this disease.  相似文献   
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