敌百虫对国光、金冠苹果疏除幼果的效应

敌百虫对国光、金冠苹果疏果效应的研究结果表明,国光盛花后10d 喷布1125mg·1~(-1)敌百虫或加20mg·1~(-1)NAA;金冠盛花后12d 喷布900mg·1~(-1)敌百虫或加10mg·1~(-1)NAA,疏除幼果效应显著.果实单果重、翌年花量增加;果实品质、经济效益提高;大小年幅度降低.     

间伐对秦岭南坡锐齿栎林土壤腐殖质及微生物的影响

【目的】以秦岭南坡锐齿栎林为研究对象,探讨间伐对锐齿栎林地土壤腐殖质及土壤微生物的影响,为秦岭林区锐齿栎林抚育经营提供理论依据。【方法】2012年3月,在秦岭南坡陕西省宁东林业局沙沟林场林地阳坡的中下部选择生长状况接近、林分密度基本一致的锐齿栎天然次生林,设置锐齿栎天然次生林样地12块,间伐强度分别为林分蓄积量的0(CK)、5%(T1)、10%(T2)、15%(T3)、20%(T4)和25%(T5),2018年7月采集0～30 cm土层土样,测定土壤腐殖质及其组分(胡敏酸、富啡酸和胡敏素)含量以及土壤微生物(细菌、真菌、放线菌)数量,并分析土壤胡敏酸、富啡酸和胡敏素含量与细菌、真菌、放线菌数量的相关性。【结果】(1)间伐6年后,在0～30 cm土层,各间伐强度处理土壤腐殖质含量平均值均大于CK,且T1处理的土壤腐殖质含量最高,为(60.78±10.53) g/kg。各间伐强度下土壤胡敏酸含量平均值较CK均有明显减少,不同处理土壤胡敏酸含量平均值由大到小依次为CKT4T3T5T2T1。除T3处理外,其余间伐强度处理土壤富啡酸含量平均值均高于CK,富啡酸含量平均值由大到小依次为T2T1T5T4CKT3。与CK相比,除T1处理外,其余各间伐强度处理土壤胡敏素含量平均值均增加,各间伐强度处理土壤胡敏素含量平均值由大到小依次为T2T3T4T5CKT1。(2)不同间伐强度下土壤胡敏酸/腐殖酸含量比值(PQ)由大到小依次为CK15%20%25%10%5%。(3)间伐6年后,在0～30 cm土层,土壤微生物总量随着间伐强度的增加呈先增加后减少的趋势,微生物总量在间伐强度为10%时达到最高;土壤细菌、放线菌数量在间伐强度为5%～10%时较高,真菌数量在间伐强度为15%～20%时较高。(4)土壤细菌、真菌和放线菌数量均与土壤胡敏酸、胡敏素含量呈极显著正相关,土壤真菌数量与富啡酸含量呈显著正相关。【结论】土壤微生物各种群数量可以显著影响土壤腐殖质的积累,合理的抚育间伐可以显著增加土壤腐殖质含量及微生物数量,选择10%～15%的间伐强度作为提高林地土壤腐殖质的参考指标较为合理。     

金农糖橘的特征特性及配套栽培技术

金农糖橘是柑橘新品种,肉质脆嫩,汁多味浓甜,有香味、口感好、品质极优。该品种果实挂树期长,采摘上市时间弹性大,耐贮藏,市场发展前景好。本文概述了金农糖橘的特征特性,并分别从肥水管理、花果管理、病虫害防治等几个方面总结了该品种的栽培管理措施,以期为金农糖橘的品种推广提供依据。     

抚育间伐对燕山北部山区山杨林物种多样性的影响

为了了解抚育间伐对燕山北部山区山杨林物种多样性的影响,对山杨林抚育间伐前后的物种多样性进行了调查和分析,结果表明:抚育后林地草本植物的物种多样性高于未抚育林地,抚育间伐林地草本植物的Patrick指数、Margarlef指数、Simpson指数和Shannon-Wiener指数分别为35.0、6.13、0.89和2.76,未抚育样地分别为29.0、4.90、0.32和1.91;抚育林地灌木的Patrick指数、Margarlef指数、Simpson指数和Shannon-Wiener指数分别为9.0、1.41、0.43和0.98,未抚育林地则分别为8.0、1.48、0.68和1.51,除Patrick指数外,抚育林地的其他多样性指数都低于未抚育林地;抚育间伐使乔木层优势种的优势更为明显。由此得出结论,抚育间伐对山杨林的物种多样性有明显影响,但草本、灌木与乔木对抚育间伐的响应有所不同。     

A Fast One-Step Scanning Thinning Algorithm

A new quick thinning algorithm was presented in this paper,which assigneddifferent weights to different pixels near the skeleton pixels and rules out the im possible pixels in thethinning procedure. It needs neither iteration on pixel panel nor detection on every pixel such thatthe time consumed is greatly lessened. A filling algorithm is also offered for better results.Experiment on variety of binary patterns showed that it could get both a high speed and a goodskeleton shape compared with other algorithms,This new algorithm reaches perfect result.     

Recreational preferences depending on thinning practice in young even-aged stands of pedunculate oak (Quercus robur L.): comparing the opinions of forest and landscape experts and the general population of Denmark

The aim of this study was to investigate to which extent forestry professionals, other “green” professionals (mainly landscape architects) and natural resource students in Denmark agree with the general population regarding their recreational preferences for contrasting stem densities in young, even-aged stands of pedunculate oak (Quercus robur L.). The study was based on five pairs of colour photographs from each of the five recently thinned experimental plots in a 13-year-old stand. The plots represented five different residual stem densities: 7000 (unthinned), 5300 (traditional thinning), 1000, 300 and 100 stems ha^?1. All cut trees were left on the ground. The analysis was carried out as a survey of forest and landscape experts (n=158) and the general public (n=243) based on questionnaires. Interviewees ranked the photographs according to the criterion: “Which forest environment do you prefer as a visitor?” Principal component factor analysis showed that the general public tended to perceptually group photos according to similar overall pattern of openness, presence of row structure and stand accessibility (including presence/absence of slash). As long as a stand appeared accessible, stand density had little influence on their preferences for a wide range of stand densities (5300?300 stems ha^?1). In contrast, foresters, other “green” professionals and students seemed to perceptually group photos according to treatment type, and the presence of slash had little influence on their preferences. This suggests an influence of professional background, making experts visually analyse and evaluate stands according to contemporary management standards and paradigms within their own profession.     

Extent and causes of site damage due to forestry traffic

Increased mechanization in the forestry means usually increased traffic on a ground which is also used as a growth substrate. In this state‐of‐the‐art article it is found that the traffic could have an areal extent of 10–30% of the site area mainly due to yarding at clear‐felling and thinning. In the future there could be up to 6 machine entries on the site till a stand age of 50 year.

Skidding is often recognized as the major cause of soil disturbance with 50–75% of the skid trails considered as apparently compacted. Rut formation after forwarders can also be a problem but harvesters seems to be forgotten or give minor problems.

In order to reduce soil compaction smaller machines must be considered on many sites. Maybe 5–10 tonnes machines with a real mean ground pressure of 60–70 kPa could give, thanks to good tyres, an acceptable level of soil disturbance.

High tractive forces and slip may contribute to the soil disturbance as much as double the ground pressure. Calculations show it is therefore better to carry the load than to skid. However, the change in weight balance of the machine due to the load is still a problem and maybe anti‐slip control could give the machine a better torque distribution.     

透光抚育对红松阔叶林群落结构与生产力的影响

采用样带网格调查方法和群落重要值分析方法，研究透光抚育（全透光、半透光、未透光）对红松阔叶混交林群落（人天混群落）的树种组成结构、径级分布、蓄积量和红松蓄积生产力的影响效果。结果表明：沿由小到大的透光强度，人天混群落中红松重要值依次增大（0．499～1．000），透光有利于人天混群落中红松优势地位增强；红松大径木比例依次增加（0．00％～54．0％），小径木比例依次减少（74．9％～2．7％），透光有利于人天混群落中红松大径木比例提高；群落蓄积量依次增加（60．2475～230．4051m^3／hm^2），红松蓄积生产力依次增加（1．2692～5．3603m^3／hm^2·a），透光有利于人天混群落蓄积量及红松蓄积生产力的提高。     

Effects of Denapon and Ethrel on thinning grapes

The effectiveness of Denapon and Ethrel as a thinning chemical for ‘Muscat of Alexandria’ grape was examined from 1980 to 1982 with various timings and concentrations of application. Ethrel applied at 50 mg l^?1 by cluster-dipping or shoot-spraying at full bloom, or 6 days after full bloom, resulted in over-thinning and chemical injury, and no thinning effect was found when Ethrel was applied at 10 or 5 mg l^?1 on the same dates. The only treatment which exhibited a desirable thinning effect was shoot-spraying at 50 mg l^?1 12 days after full bloom, but this markedly inhibited berry growth. Denapon applied at 1667 mg l^?1 by shoot-spraying at full bloom, or 6 days after full bloom, reduced the number of berries per cluster almost adequately and consistently without any unfavorable side effects. This chemical applied at 834 mg l^?1 was nearly as effective as when applied at 1667 mg l^?1, but the effectiveness of the former was less consistent than that of the latter. From these results, Denapon is thought to be a promising thinning chemical for ‘Muscat of Alexandria’.     

马尾松天然次生林抚育间伐试验研究

马尾松天然次生林的抚育间伐试验结果表明:不同间伐强度对林木单株的胸径和材积生长的影响存在着显著性差异,以保留密度0.9×115株/667 m2和1.0×115株/667 m2对胸径的生长影响效果最佳;但对林木的树高生长影响没有显著性差异。不同间伐强度对不同径阶胸径和材积生长的影响存在显著性差异,径阶越大其胸径和材积的生长就越快。不同间伐强度对林木蓄积量的影响也存在显著性差异,以保留密度1.1×115株/667 m2的蓄积量生长量最大,效果最为显著。