不同施氮量下覆膜滴灌玉米相对根长密度模型研究

为探明施氮量对宁夏引黄灌区覆膜滴灌玉米根长密度(RLD)的影响,设置5个施氮水平和1个对照(CK,不施氮与不覆膜)进行试验,测定玉米RLD,建立不同施氮量下相对根长密度(NRLD)模型,并加以检验。结果表明:不同施氮处理的玉米RLD分布区域均随土层深度的增加而减小,且大部分集中在0～20 cm土层;随着施氮量的增加,RLD分布区域明显扩大; NRLD分布满足三阶多项式函数模型,模拟曲线的决定系数R2为0.951,模型检验结果R2为0.845,均方根误差(RMSE)为0.248,拟合效果好,但该多项式模型不能保证NRLD在相对取样深度Zr为1时达到0,故对玉米NRLD分布多项式模型进行优化。优化模型验证结果显示,各施氮处理RMSE不大于0.308,CK、N0、N1、N2、N3和N4处理的标准化均方根误差分别为0.242、0.193、0.184、0.226、0.208和0.273,R2分别为0.903、0.953、0.920、0.944、0.962和0.898,具有较高的拟合度,解决了NRLD在Zr=1时达到0的问题。本研究可为宁夏引黄灌区膜下滴灌玉米NRLD分布拟合、根系养分吸收和施肥管理提供理论参考。     

A family of segmented polynomial functions for modelling the border effect on the diameter growth of Ayous (Triplochiton scleroxylon K. Schum)

This paper introduces a family of four segmented (or grafted) polynomial functions for modelling the decrease in the diameter of Ayous (Triplochiton scleroxylon K. Schum) with distance from the border of the plantation. The functions, each comprising two segments of second degree or less, were fitted to data collected in the Cameroon rain forest. A comparative assessment of the fit was carried out using criteria such as mean deviation, root mean squared deviation, and fit index.

The border effect extended to 10 m inside the plantation where a 50% decrease in diameter occurred. Beyond that distance, the diameter appeared to be stable except for random variation. The estimated functions performed equally well as they all provided a good fit to the data, with a small bias. Most importantly, they proved to be flexible and thus adaptable to a wide variety of situations.

Recommendations are made concerning setting up a guard area and ways of improving the silviculture of Ayous. Also, the possibilities for an agrisilvipastoral system are explored.     

基于模拟退火算法优化给水管线造价公式研究

给水管线造价公式的精确性对工程经济分析与给水管网优化的科学性和经济性有重大影响。通过五个地区的铸铁管综合单价数据,采用最小二乘法对各组数据进行多项式一至十次的拟合,确定了给水管线造价公式的最佳拟合次数为三次;进一步采用模拟退火算法对拟合的多项式参数进行优化计算,求解给水管线造价公式。结果表明:凭借模拟退火算法随机全局搜索模式以及不受函数性质影响的优势,能够克服传统算法难以求解多阶导数的困难,提高公式拟合精度。     

Dietary protein requirements for discus (Symphysodon spp.)

Discus (Symphysodon spp.), a valuable ornamental species (mean initial weight 4.40–4.65 g) were fed five isoenergetic (gross energy: 200–209 kJ g^–1), semipurified diets (casein, gelatine and Danish fish meal as protein sources) twice a day to satiation for 12 weeks. Five levels of protein were evaluated (350, 400, 450, 500 and 550 g kg^–1 diet) and each fed to four replicates. Growth rate increased significantly with protein level up to 500 g kg^–1 diet and then decreased. Feed conversion rates (FCRs) ranged from 2.2 to 3.8, varying inversely with observed growth rate. A similar trend was also observed in the efficiency of protein utilization (PER). Analysis of dose (protein level)‐response (growth rate) with second order polynomial regression suggested a requirement of 449–501 g kg^–1.     

二次矩阵的相似类

从复矩阵的相似分类的角度出发,对给定的复数p,q,根据最小多项式的性质,得到了由二次多项式（x-p）（x-q）所确定的全体二次矩阵的相似分类的刻画.     

中国剩余定理与插值多项式关系的探究

研究了有理数域上中国剩余定理及其证明,并且分析讨论了中国剩余定理与插值多项式之间的关系,结果表明拉格朗日插值多项式是中国剩余定理的一个特殊形式。最后用算例验证了所得的结论。     

建昌板鸭微生物发酵动力学研究

[目的]研究建昌板鸭传统制作工艺过程中主要发酵微生物的生长变化规律。[方法]以建昌板鸭为原料,每48 h对其主要发酵微生物（细菌、酵母菌、乳酸菌和葡萄球菌）的菌体浓度进行了测定,应用7次高阶多项式方程建立了板鸭发酵过程中各微生物生长的动力学模型,并对各动力学模型函数进行了验证试验。[结果]建昌板鸭发酵微生物细菌、酵母菌、乳酸菌和葡萄球菌生长的动力学模型与试验实测数据能够较好地拟合。[结论]为建昌板鸭加工行业的规模化生产提供了参考。     

Modeling the Inclusion of Fish Powder and Fish Oil into Extruded Snacks by Response Surface Methodology

ABSTRACT

Extrusion cooking plays an important role in the production of puffed snacks, which enjoy wide acceptance all over the world and are potential vehicles for increasing the consumption of n-3 fatty acids. Response surface methodology (RSM) with central composite design was adopted to investigate the effects of four independent variables (fish powder, fish oil, moisture, and screw speed) at five levels on expansion ratio, breaking strength index, hardness, color, and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS). A second order polynomial model was used to study the main, interactive, and quadratic effects of the independent variables and to explain the relationship between the responses and independent variables. Moisture was found to be the most significant factor (p < 0.001) influencing expansion ratio, breaking strength index, and color. Inclusion of fish powder and fish oil were found to be negatively associated with the expansion characteristics, resulting in decreased lipid oxidation due to less exposed surface area of the extrudates to air. Further, the absence of linear effect of fish powder and fish oil on TBARS demonstrated the possibility to incorporate higher levels of these ingredients to produce oxidatively stable extruded snacks rich in fish proteins.     

一类有十一个赤道环的七次多项式系统

研究了一类七次系统无穷远点的中心条件与赤道极限环分支问题.通过将实系统转化为复系统研究,给出了计算无穷远点奇点量的递推公式,并在计算机上用Mathematica推导出该系统无穷远点前13个奇点量,进一步导出了无穷远点成为中心的条件和十三阶细焦点的条件,在此基础上首次得到了七次系统无穷远点分支出11个极限环的一个实例.     

新疆早熟棉花主要农艺性状相关性及多项式趋势分析

以新疆早熟陆地棉预备试验品系为材料,对其主要农艺性状进行了相关性和多项式趋势分析,结果表明:生育期、单铃质量及籽指与霜前皮棉产量成负相关,影响力顺序为生育期>籽指>单铃质量;果枝始节位、株高、单株铃数及衣分与霜前皮棉产量成正相关,影响力大小为衣分>株高>单株铃数>果枝始节位。并提出新疆早熟棉区棉花育种的主要农艺性状目标为:生育期127～132 d、果枝始节位4.4～5.3、株高(7月15日打顶后自然株高)62～74 cm、单株铃数6.5～9个、单铃质量5.2～5.9 g、籽指10.1～11.3、衣分42%左右。