添加尿素和糖蜜对甘蔗尾打捆青贮品质的影响

试验采用单因子设计研究不同水平的尿素、糖蜜及糖蜜与尿素混合处理对甘蔗尾打捆青贮品质的影响。试验共分5组,其中1组为对照组,甘蔗尾经揉搓后直接青贮,2~5组为试验组分别添加0.6%尿素、1.0%的尿素、5%糖蜜和0.6%尿素+5%糖蜜,每个处理3个重复,青贮期90 d。试验结果表明,添加0.6%、1%的尿素及0.6%尿素+5%糖蜜均能显著提高青贮饲料的粗蛋白质含量（P<0.05）,但3个组间差异不显著（P>0.05）;单独加尿素的两组青贮料pH较对照组和其它试验组高,外观品质有所下降;添加5%的糖蜜和0.6%尿素+5%糖蜜均能显著降低青贮料的粗纤维含量,增加可溶性糖的含量,青贮料的pH及外观品质较好;综合营养成分和外观品质, 甘蔗尾用尿素与糖蜜混合处理其青贮料的品质最好。     

糖蜜对不同比例干稻草和王草混合青贮品质的影响

为探究添加糖蜜对不同比例干稻草和王草混合青贮品质的影响,试验设定四个不同比例干稻草和王草混合,添加干稻草比例分别为0％(T1组)、10％(T2组)、20％(T3组)、30％(T4组),并分别对青贮料做无添加处理和糖蜜添加处理.结果 表明:随着稻草比例的增加,粗蛋白质(P＜ 0.001)、粗脂肪(P＜0.05)呈下降趋势...     

Innovative liquid formulation of digestates for producing a biofertilizer based on Bacillus siamensis: Field testing on sweet pepper

A biofertilizer (BF) based on the plant growth promoting rhizobacterium (PGPR) Bacillus siamensis was produced using anaerobic digestate (AD) as the main ingredient of the growth medium, alongside a carbon source from residual origin. The use of residues for the growth of PGPR reduces the production costs of biofertilizers, but makes an assessment of the possible toxicity of residues for the bacteria or plants necessary. Therefore, the growth medium of PGPR was first optimized using the response surface methodology (RSM), followed by phytotoxicity tests and a field trial of the BF in a sweet pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) crop at two different locations. AD at 50% dilution, supplemented with 2.3% sugar beet molasses, was the optimum growth medium for producing the BF, with a bacterial concentration of 10⁹ cfu mL⁻¹. In the field trial, the treatments inoculated with BF and fertilized with decreased mineral N (80%) produced significantly better yields per ha than the controls with decreased N (80%) and full N (100%) without BF. This indicates improved efficiency of N use by the crop, as a consequence of the use of BF.     

利用甘蔗糖蜜生产饲料酵母发酵条件的研究

以甘蔗糖蜜为碳源发酵生产高生物量饲料酵母,通过单因素正交试验设计,确定优化的培养条件为:温度28℃,pH5.0,装液量200mL/500mL,摇床转速180r/min,培养时间84h。在优化的培养条件下酵母菌株的总蛋白质含量可达到6.01g/L。     

Effects of ethanol,molasses and Lactobacillus plantarum on fermentation characteristics and aerobic stability of total mixed ration silages

This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of Lactobacillus plantarum, molasses and/or ethanol on fermentation quality and aerobic stability of total mixed ration (TMR) silage, which is widely used in dairy cow diets at mid‐to‐late lactation in Tibet. TMR was treated with ethanol (E), molasses (M), Lactobacillus plantarum(L), ethanol+molasses (EM), ethanol+Lactobacillus plantarum (EL) plus control. After 45 d of ensiling, inoculant significantly (P < 0·05) increased lactic acid (LA) concentration and decreased pH, ammonia nitrogen (AN) concentration, and aerobic bacterial and yeast counts, compared to control. After the first 3 d of aerobic exposure, LA for silages without ethanol started to decrease, while LA for E silages almost remained unchanged till the end of the aerobic exposure period. The pH in TMR silages without ethanol gradually increased, while that for E and EL remained about 4·60 and 4·00, respectively, and EL showed the lowest pH among six silages over the course of aerobic exposure. Aerobic bacterial counts in control, M and EM silages were significantly higher (P < 0·05) than those in E, L and EL, and yeast counts in E and EL silages were significantly lower (P < 0·05) than those in other silages after 9 d of aerobic exposure. The results suggest that inoculation with L. plantarum was more effective in altering fermentation characteristics than adding molasses, while ethanol showed a potential to protect TMR silages from pH increase and delayed the growth of aerobic bacteria and yeast either alone or in combination with L. plantarum.     

糖蜜酒精废液处理过程中生成的微生物蛋白的最佳水解条件研究

通过实验选择复合蛋白酶水解糖蜜酒精废液处理过程中生成的微生物蛋白,并通过正交试验分析得到最佳水解条件为水解酶加入量5.5g/150mL,水解温度65℃,pH值5和水解时间5h。     

糖蜜和农副产品复合添加物对苜蓿青贮品质的影响

研究了不同添加量的糖蜜(0%、5%、10%)和稻草、麸皮、米糠复合添加物对新鲜苜蓿青贮品质的影响.结果表明,添加糖蜜明显改善了青贮饲料的感官品质,提高了粗蛋白质和乳酸含,降低了铵态氮和总氮的比值以及饲料的pH值,添加5%糖蜜组、10%糖蜜组的各项指标与不加糖蜜组(0%)相比,差异极显著(P《0.01);添加糖蜜后挥发性脂肪酸的含量也均下降,但3个试验组之间差异不显著(P》0.05):添加5%、10%糖蜜组之间的平均乳酸含量、平均pH值差异极显著(P《0.01),其他各项指标无显著差异;添加糖蜜后,同麸皮、米糠相比,添加稻草极显著地提高了青贮饲料的乳酸含量、降低了pH值(P《0.01);不加糖蜜时不同的添加物则无显著差异,水分含量影响青贮饲料的品质,农副产品添加量大时,青贮效果较好.     

Effect of Supplementation of a Basal Diet of Maize Stover with Erythrina variegata,Gliricidia sepium or Leucaena leucocephala on Feed Intake and Digestibility by Goats

Two 4 x 4 Latin square design experiments were carried out. In experiment 1, four mature Anglo-Nubian x Fiji local goats, pre-experimental body weight 25.0 +/- 0.6 kg, 22-24 months old, were used to study the effect of supplementation of a basal diet of maize stover with Erythrina variegata (EV), Gliricidia sepium (GS) and Leucaena leucocephala (LL) on dry matter intake (DMI) and nutrient digestibility. Maize stover treated with urea was used as a control diet. E. variegata was higher in crude protein content than LL or GS. The DMI of the urea treated stover diet was significantly lower (p < 0.05) than that of the diets of untreated stover supplemented with forage legumes. The DMI was significantly lower (p < 0.05) in the GS diet than in the EV or LL diets. Significant (p < 0.05) differences existed between the urea-treated stover and the diets of stover supplemented with forage legumes in the digestibility of dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fibre (NDF), organic matter (OM) and energy. In experiment 2, four mature goats, pre-experimental body weight 27.0 +/- 0.3 kg, 24-28 months old, were used to measure their response when the urea-treated maize stover and the maize stover and forage legume diets were sprayed with molasses. The intake of the urea-treated stover diet sprayed with molasses was significantly lower (p < 0.05) that that of the maize stover/forage legume diets sprayed with molasses. The DMI of the diets improved with the addition of molasses. The DMI among the goats offered the maize stover/forage legume diets + molasses did not differ significantly. (p > 0.05). Statistically significant (p < 0.05) differences were obtained in this second study between the urea-treated stover and the stover supplemented with forage legumes in the digestibility of DM, CP, NDF, OM and energy. The stover supplemented with forage legumes had a higher (p < 0.05) nutrient digestibility. The present studies demonstrated that the use of forage legumes as protein supplements improved the feed quality of maize stover in the diets of mature goats. It is suggested that molasses should be sprayed on fresh leaves of Gliricicia sepium and other forage legumes that are initially rejected, in order to improve acceptance and DMI when fed to ruminant animals in confinement or in a cut-and-carry system of production.     

棕榈在孟加拉乡村传统利用——一种可持续的生物多样性管理手段(英文)

采用多级采样的方法研究了孟加拉国农村耕作区内棕榈树的传统利用模式和当地的管理经验。农民管理棕榈主要为获取树液产品,生产以糖为主的次生品。树液可直接用作饮料,也可加工成糖蜜或酒精饮料。7块不同地块为棕榈提供生长环境,20.40%的棕榈种植在果园内。尽管中等级的农民拥有多数棕榈(33%),但是主要管理棕榈的是没有土地的农民,他们靠棕榈维持生计。这些农民将自己的智慧应用到棕榈管理当中,从种植到开孔取树液再到产品加工。如果能更科学地管理棕榈,加上农民的智慧,棕榈业将会对当地经济发展起到重要作用,也会丰富当地生物多样性。