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1.
Soil protection for a sustainable future: options for a soil monitoring network for Ireland 下载免费PDF全文
The increased recognition of the importance of soil is reflected in the UN Post‐2015 Development Agenda with sustainable development goals that directly and indirectly relate to soil quality and protection. Despite a lack of legally binding legislation for soil protection, the European Commission remains committed to the objective of soil protection. However, the achievement of a legally binding framework for soil protection relies on the implementation of a soil monitoring network (SMN) that can detect changes to soil quality over time. As beneficiaries do not pay for the provision of soil information, the options for soil monitoring are limited. The use of existing data sets should be considered first. Using Ireland as an example, this research explored the opportunities for a SMN for Ireland considering three existing national data sets. The options for a SMN are considered in terms of their spatial and stratified distribution, the parameters to be measured and an economic analysis of the options proposed. This research finds that for Ireland, either a 10 or a 16 km2 grid interval stratified by land use and drainage class offers the best potential in relation to the spatial distribution of existing data sets to reflect local data at a national level. With existing data, the stratified SIS data using the 16 km2 grid offers the best value for money, with baseline costs for analysis, excluding field costs, of between €706 481 and €2.8 million. Acknowledging the impossibility of measuring all parameters with ideal frequency, this study proposes a two‐tier system for optimized monitoring frequency. Parameters must anticipate future policy requirements. Finally, the implementation of a SMN must be accompanied by standardized methods, defined thresholds and action mandates to maintain soil quality within allowable limits. 相似文献
2.
本文对冲裁件的计算机自动(优化)排样问题进行了全面、深入的讨论,给出了其实现的主要算法及数学模型,这一方法已在冲裁模CAD系统中应用. 相似文献
3.
本文用约1000块样地资抖,系统地研究了黑龙江省落叶松人工林的地位指数级导向曲线模型。通过林业统计分析软件Statistica6.0对各落叶松人工林数据进行拟合、分析比较,结果为:从拟合精度、曲线走向与散点分布趋势、残差分布等综合考虑,舒马切尔曲线函数比较适合落叶松人工林地位指数级导向曲线模型的拟合。 相似文献
4.
5.
Hao Wenkang Lang Kuijian Zhang Yanli Li Longchang Weng Guoqing Huang Mingquan Wang Xiangguo 《林业研究》1993,4(2):33-42
Site quality of larch (Larix gmelinii Rupr.) in Da Xingan Mountain in Inner Mongolia was studied systematically with about 1000 temporary plots and computer software.
The nature of site class and site index curve was discussed in view of general mathematical model of height growth. The height
growth of dominant tree of four divisions of forest stands were studied and site index tables were constructed respectively.
In order to unify the comparing standard and convenience for management in this region, site index table was constucted too.
Based on discussing the action and accuracy of forest type, a series of site quality evaluation (forest type-site index class-site
index) was suggested.
This subject of study is supported by the National Natural Scientific Fund (No. 39270549). 相似文献
6.
拓扑简化可以为渐进网格带来更好的效果,但目前几乎所有的渐进网格方法都不支持拓扑简化,而且edge collapse和vertex split操作有时会产生非流形.针对这些问题,提出了基于图形旋转系统的渐进网格法.以基于图形旋转系统的数据结构和操作实现了渐进网格,用图形旋转系统的操作集合构建了edge collapse和vertex split操作.在此基础上,通过扩展新操作即可进行任意拓扑变化,从而实现拓扑简化, 相似文献
7.
杨衡 《农业图书情报学刊》2005,17(3):154-157
本文从语言特点、编排体例及内容特点出发,对《中图法》(第四版)类目注释进行了系统的认识,并就此提出了自己的一些看法。 相似文献
8.
T. Limonard M. A. Ruissen 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》1989,95(Z1):129-135
Present conditions of high inputs and narrow rotations render the importance of vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhiza (VAM) in arable farming in the Netherlands rather low. Changes expected in the near future under the influence of economic pressures and environmental problems may change this situation. This is discussed in the light of some such expected changes in Dutch arable farming.De huidige Nederlandse akkerbouw is zeer intensief. Ze heeft in het algemeen een nauwe rotatie met slechts enkele gewassen (aardappelen, granen en suikerbieten) en een ruime toepassing van kunstmest en bestrijdingsmiddelen. Het is te verwachten dat er onder invloed van toenemende problemen met het milieu, afnemende bodemproduktiviteit en lagere prijzen voor nu geteelde gewassen ten gevolge van overschotten een tendens zal zijn in de richting van een meer geïntegreerde landbouw. In de bestaande akkerbouw werken zowel hoge kunstmestgiften (met name N en P) en bestrijdingsmiddelen negatief op VAM-vorming. Naarmate het gebruik van kunstmest en bestrijdingsmiddelen in de nabije toekomst wellicht zal verminderen, kan worden verwacht dat zowel de aanwezigheid als het belang van VAM in de nederlandse landbouw zal toenemen. Het laatste zal vooral het geval zijn indien de vruchtwisseling wordt verruimd met de teelt van andere gewassen (zoals vlinderbloemigen) met een hogere VAM-afhankelijkheid dan die van het huidige gewasassortiment. Het zou zeer verstandig zijn zich reeds nu te beraden over vormen van bedrijfsvoering die VAM zoveel mogelijk stimuleren en daardoor meer profijt trekken van de door deze symbiose geboden voordelen. 相似文献
9.
F. van den Bosch 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》1993,99(Z3):41-50
This paper deals with a study on the effects of mixtures of partially resistant cultivars in focus forming plant diseases.
The focus expansion velocity in a mixture of two partially resistant cultivars depends on four parameters, the focus expansion
velocity in a crop of cultivar 1 only and in a crop of cultivar 2 only, the net-reproduction in a crop of cultivar 1 and of
cultivar 2, respectively.
An explicit equation is developed for the damage of a cultivar mixture where the crop is infected by two physiological races
of the pathogen. It is shown that cultivar mixtures exist where damage is smaller than in crops of either of the two cultivars
only. A simple explicit formula is given on the basis of which it can be decided whether an optimal mixture exists for a given
pathosystem. 相似文献
10.
J. A. T. Woodford 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》1992,98(Z2):47-54
This paper reviews the contribution of vector activity and plant age to virus spread in potato crops. Determining which aphid species are vectors is particularly important for timing haulm destruction to minimize tuber infection by potato virus Y (PVY). Alate aphids of more than 30 species transmit PVY, and aphids such asRhopalosiphum padi, that migrate in large numbers before flights of the more efficient vector,Myzus persicae, appear to be important vectors. Differences in methodology, aphid biotypes and virus strains prevent direct comparisons between estimates of vector efficiencies obtained for aphids in different countries in north western Europe.
M. persicae is also the most efficient vector of potato leafroll virus (PLRV), but some clones ofMacrosiphum euphorbiae transmit PLRV efficiently toNicotiana clevelandii and potato test plants. The removal of infected plants early in the season prevents the spread of PLRV in cool regions with limited vector activity. The proportion of aphids acquiring PLRV from infected potato plants decreases with plant age, and healthy potato plants are more resistant to infection later in the season. Severe symptoms of secondary leafroll developed on progeny plants of cv. Maris Piper derived from mother plants inoculated with PLRV in June or July of the previous year. Progeny plants derived from mother plants inoculated in August showed only mild symptoms, but the concentration of PLRV in these plants was as high as that in the plants with severe symptoms. 相似文献