麦秸与木屑热解制备磁性生物炭基材料理化性质研究

分别以小麦秸秆和杨树木屑为原料,经浸渍-化学沉淀-高温热解制备磁性生物炭基复合材料,考察负载铁处理在不同原料类型、热解温度下对材料理化特性的影响。结果表明:复合材料中铁主要以Fe3O4的形式存在,材料外层含量较内层高。负载铁处理加速了生物质热解脱氢和脱氧进程,对生物炭理化特性的影响效应随温度升高而加剧。在300~600℃的热解温度下,负载铁处理小麦秸秆和木屑热解炭的灰分质量分数均增加,增加范围分别为28.8~34.4个百分点,39.1~47.6个百分点,而固定碳含量、热值均降低;比表面积、总孔容均增大,增大范围分别为:10.67~72.24 m2/g、0.039 8~0.093 1 cm3/g,15.43~105.14 m2/g、0.010 4~0.078 9 cm3/g,而平均孔径减小。负载铁处理对两种生物质挥发分含量和pH值的影响不同,表现为:负载铁秸秆生物炭的挥发分质量分数增加5.2~13.2个百分点,pH值降低0.04~1.49,而负载铁木屑生物炭的挥发分质量分数在300℃降低17.4个百分点,在400~600℃增加8.5~22.2个百分点,pH值则升高0.33~1.93。     

当代木材加工技术发展态势

从木材高效利用、木基复合材料、高新技术应用和环境保护等四个方面论述了当代木材加工技术的发展态势。     

生物质资源农作物秸秆应用于人造板工业的可行性分析

在总结国内外秸秆人造板工业发展现状的基础上。对我国利用农作物秸秆生产人造板进行了可行性分析，提出我国当前应当重点发展的秸秆人造板技术和产品领域，并对我国秸秆人造板的发展前景进行了展望。     

木质纤维/塑料复合材料的发展现状及应用

木质纤维/塑料复合材料是以木质纤维材料为基本体,与塑料通过不同的复合途径制成的一种新型复合材料,综合了木质纤维与塑料的性能特点,因而用途广泛.作者介绍了木质纤维/塑料复合材料的复合工艺、界面特性和改性处理以及产品的应用前景.     

西南桤木木塑复合材料的研究

采用乙烯基类系列单体——丙烯腈(AN)、甲基丙烯酸甲酯(MMA)、丙烯酸(AA)三元共聚单体注入西南桤木木材中，制成新型的高分子复合材料(AMA—WPC)。单体的注入用满细胞法，聚合用热引发法，并采用添加氯化锌对木材细胞壁进行活化等工艺对木塑复合材进行了研究和分析。实验样品按照国标GBl927—1943有关规定进行测试，并结合傅立叶红外光谱和扫描电镜探讨了各因素对AMA—WPC材料接枝率及性能的影响。结果表明：改性后西南桤木木塑复合材料具有优异的物理、力学性能。与素材相比较，AMA—WPC的密度提高了59．8％，顺纹抗压强度提高了76．7％，抗弯强度提高了90．4％，抗弯弹性模量提高22．2％，端面硬度提高102．3％，径面硬度提高153．6％，弦面硬度提高152．2％，吸水率降低56．7％，湿膨胀率降低19．0％。     

Characterization of wood-based multi-material systems under dynamic impact stress

ABSTRACT

Due to its naturally grown properties, wood has played a rather subordinate role as a material for technical applications up to now. In this paper, multi-material systems based on veneers of beech (Fagus sylvatica) with different reinforcing variants were investigated. In addition to the influence of different adhesive systems (urea formaldehyde and polyurethane), the effect of reinforcing by aramid fiber fabric and stainless steel foil in different climates was examined. At the center of the investigations were dynamically sudden loads, in the form of impact bending and dart drop tests (penetration and impact mode). It has been shown that the use of the reinforcing materials leads to a significant improvement in material properties. The penetration energy of the composites reinforced with the aramid fiber fabric could be increased by 43%. The maximum force in the dart drop test (impact mode) could be increased by 29% with the stainless steel foil, the damping decreased by 48%. The aramid fiber reinforcement achieved an increase in impact resistance by 27% in impact bending test, the steel reinforced achieved an increase of 39%. A clear dependency on both, the climate and the adhesive within the composite, could be demonstrated.     

Rapid production of high-strength cement-bonded particleboard using gaseous or supercritical carbon dioxide

This study deals with the effects of curing treatment with gaseous and supercritical carbon dioxide on the properties of cement-bonded particleboard (CBP) manufactured by the conventional cold-pressing method. The hydration of cement and the mechanism of improvement were examined using X-ray diffractometry (XRD), thermal gravimetry (TG-DTG), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observations. The results are as follows: (1) The curing of cement was accelerated concomitantly with the improvement in mechanical and dimensional properties of CBP significantly by curing with gaseous or supercritical carbon dioxide. (2) Supercritical carbon dioxide curing imparted boards optimal properties at a faster rate than did gaseous curing. (3) Accelerated formation of calcium silicate hydrate and calcium carbonate and the interlocking of those hydration products on the wood surface are potentially the main reasons for the superior strength of carbon dioxide-cured boards.     

木质复合材料研究概况

新型木质复合材料可缓解由于我国现有林木资源总量不足和森林资源质量不高而形成的资源危机,所以木质复合材料将是新世纪人们关注和研究的重点领域。     

杨木／无机硅化物复合材处理工艺初探

用硅酸单体溶液（SAMS）处理及用硅酸钠-三氧化二硼-乙酸复合处理改性文县杨（Populus wenxianesis)，制备杨木/无机硅化物复合材（WIC）。结果表明，在所选择的工艺条件下，SAMS处理的杨木WIC具有很好的尺寸稳定性和抗流失性，复合处理的杨木WIC的阻燃性能和防腐性能有了明显提高。     

Effect of maleic anhydride grafted styrene-ethylene-butylene-styrene （MA-SEBS） on impact fracture behavior of polypropylene / wood fiber composites

MA-SEBS as compatibilizer and impact modifier was incorporated into Polypropylene/Wood Fiber （PP/WF） to enhance interface adhesion and impact strength of the composite. The effect of MA-SEBS content on the impact fracture behavior of PP/WF composites was studied. The impact properties of composites with 8% MA-SEBS reached the maximum value. And further increasing of MA-SEBS content to 10% did not improve the fracture toughness, but improved the stiffness of composites by DMA analysis. This was attributed to the improved PP/WF adhesion. As the MA-SEBS content is more than 8%, the molecule interaction of PP and WF was expected to much stronger than lower MA-SEBS. Scanning electron microscopy （SEM） was performed to analyze the impact fracture surface and showed a stronger affinity for the wood surfaces.