Soil protection for a sustainable future: options for a soil monitoring network for Ireland

The increased recognition of the importance of soil is reflected in the UN Post‐2015 Development Agenda with sustainable development goals that directly and indirectly relate to soil quality and protection. Despite a lack of legally binding legislation for soil protection, the European Commission remains committed to the objective of soil protection. However, the achievement of a legally binding framework for soil protection relies on the implementation of a soil monitoring network (SMN) that can detect changes to soil quality over time. As beneficiaries do not pay for the provision of soil information, the options for soil monitoring are limited. The use of existing data sets should be considered first. Using Ireland as an example, this research explored the opportunities for a SMN for Ireland considering three existing national data sets. The options for a SMN are considered in terms of their spatial and stratified distribution, the parameters to be measured and an economic analysis of the options proposed. This research finds that for Ireland, either a 10 or a 16 km² grid interval stratified by land use and drainage class offers the best potential in relation to the spatial distribution of existing data sets to reflect local data at a national level. With existing data, the stratified SIS data using the 16 km² grid offers the best value for money, with baseline costs for analysis, excluding field costs, of between €706 481 and €2.8 million. Acknowledging the impossibility of measuring all parameters with ideal frequency, this study proposes a two‐tier system for optimized monitoring frequency. Parameters must anticipate future policy requirements. Finally, the implementation of a SMN must be accompanied by standardized methods, defined thresholds and action mandates to maintain soil quality within allowable limits.     

Understanding farmers’ potato production practices and use of improved varieties in Chencha,Ethiopia

This study was carried out to better understand non-adoption of improved varieties of potato (Solanum tuberosum) and associated technologies by smallholder farmers in Chencha, Ethiopia. Data were collected through a survey (n = 47) and in-depth interviews (n = 20). It shows how wealth status was a factor of major importance. Most wealthy and some medium-wealthy farmers adopted improved potato varieties and many of the improved production practices; they had access to seed, associated knowledge and support, and sufficient resources that were necessary to apply the improved practices. Non-adoption was common among many medium-wealthy and most poor farmers: they lacked—next to access to the technologies and knowledge—cash, land, and labor. Results indicated the need to rethink research and intervention efforts. Next to paying attention to differences in the access to technology and the related knowledge, there is a need to consider the variation in technology needs, supporting microcredit services, and room to experiment. As a result, different combinations of improved production practices may be adopted.     

3种冷季型草坪草混播配方优化组合筛选试验

在河西走廊中部地区气候条件下,通过对草地早熟禾Poa pratensis、高羊茅Festuca arundinacea、多年生黑麦草Lolium perenne3种冷季型草坪草18种混播配方进行了成坪品质的观察测定,筛选出了适应当地气候条件的优化组合配方10个。     

绵羊MHCⅡ类基因遗传多态性研究进展

主要组织相容性复合体(major histocompatibility complex,MHC)是广泛存在于脊椎动物体内的一类高度紧密连锁的基因群,绵羊MHC又称为绵羊淋巴细胞表面抗原(ovine lymphocyte antigen,OLA),位于绵羊20号染色体上,分为Ⅰ类、Ⅱ类和Ⅲ类区域,其中MHCⅡ类基因具有高度的基因多态性.文章综述了绵羊MHCⅡ类基因的分子结构及遗传多态性,重点总结了近十年来国内外不同绵羊品种MHCⅡ类基因遗传多态性的研究进展,并对绵羊MHCⅡ类基因未来的研究重点进行了展望.     

基于W_V_Hegyi竞争指数的杉木竞争生长模型研究——以湖南省福寿国有林场杉木生态公益林为例

根据湖南省福寿国有林场杉木生态公益林(幼龄林、中龄林、近熟林)复测数据,通过研究Hegyi,V_Hegyi,W_V_Hegyi三种竞争指数与胸径的相关性,选择相关性最强的W_V_Hegyi竞争指数,构建单木竞争生长模型。以此为基础,用加权平均树高作为胸径生长量的权重,重新构建了单木竞争生长模型,并对W_V_Hegyi竞争指数分布规律进行分析,利用回归分析方法构建径阶竞争指数预估模型和径阶生长模型。通过基于加权胸径生长量与W_V_Hegyi竞争指数构建径阶生长模型,以期为林木从单木到林分的模拟提供新途径。     

湘中丘陵区马尾松林粗木质残体研究

以湘中丘陵区马尾松林为研究对象,分析粗木质残体(CWD)的储量特征、物种组成、径级结构以及腐烂等级,研究湘中丘陵区马尾松林CWD的基本特征。结果表明:湘中丘陵区马尾松林CWD的平均储量为1.72 t/hm2,马尾松和杉木是针叶CWD的主要组成树种,樟树、南酸枣、枫香是阔叶CWD的主要组成树种。马尾松-阔叶树种混交林的CWD总储量显著大于马尾松-杉木混交林的,两者的CWD总储量与其对应森林总生物量的比例差异明显,且均表现为随森林生物量增长而增加的趋势。CWD的个体数量随着径级的增加而减少,呈反J型下降趋势,且不同存在形式CWD的数量比例大致表现为倒木枯立木大枝根桩。CWD具备完整的腐烂等级(Ⅰ~Ⅴ级),主要集中在Ⅰ、Ⅱ腐烂等级,且随着径级的增加,各腐烂等级CWD的数量比例呈现逐渐减少的趋势。     

班主任工作浅析

班主任有一颗永不泯灭的童心；慈祥、体贴学生；诚实、公正、虚心、好学、博识、多才；严于律己,宽以待人.老师从内心里整个地接纳学生,跟学生做知心朋友,随时进行心灵的交流,替学生排忧解难,给学生指点人生道路上的迷津,帮学生树立信心,为学生规划美好的前程,使学生身心得到健康的发展.     

The Weighted Ideal Point Method and Its Application in Forest Harvest Regulation

本文通过对理想点法进行分析，认为该法取不同的ｐ值代表决策者对不同目标的偏爱程度；但ｐ值过大模型求解比较困难，故实际应用时ｐ值取较大的值并不现实．为进一步突出决策人对不同目标的偏爱程度，作者对理想点法进行改进，引进了各目标的权重，提出了加权理想点法．与前者比较，它进一步突出了不同目标对决策结果的影响，使决策结果更符合决策者的愿望，便于在生产中实施．通过用该法对山西省千秋沟林场某经营类型进行收获调整，表明用该法进行森林收获调整，到调整期末龄级结构基本达到完全调整林状态，且可将决策者对不同目标的要求落实到合理水平上．     

彩叶植物及园林应用

简要介绍彩色植物的分类,呈色的影响因素,园林配置方式和研究、应用的发展方向。