Evaluation of lufenuron as a chemosterilant against fruit flies of the genus Anastrepha (Diptera: Tephritidae)

BACKGROUND: Chemosterilisation with lufenuron bait stations is a recently developed technique that is being implemented for Ceratitis capitata Wiedemann control. The aim of this work was to evaluate the chemosterilising effect of lufenuron against four economically important Latin American fruit flies species: Anastrepha ludens (Loew.), A. obliqua Macquart, A. serpentina Wiedemann and A. striata Schiner (Diptera: Tephritidae) in order to design a similar strategy for their control. RESULTS: Sexually mature adults were treated by ingestion with concentrations ranging from 0.1 to 30.0 mg g^?1 of lufenuron in the diet. In addition, conspecific crosses with only one of the sexes being treated (30.0 mg g^?1) were performed in order to appraise the contribution of each sex to the sterilising effect. In all cases, fecundity was not affected by the treatments, as opposed to fertility where all Anastrepha species studied were significantly affected, although to different extents. The conspecific crosses showed that treated males of A. ludens, A. obliqua and A. serpentina were not able to transmit the sterility to their respective untreated females. Only in the case of A. striata did crossing treated males with untreated females significantly reduced egg hatch. CONCLUSION: Although further investigations are required, the present results demonstrate that the use of lufenuron for controlling A. striata could be potentially viable. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry     

三种仿生不育剂对栗山天牛成虫的不育效应

为筛选出防治栗山天牛Massicus raddei(Blessig)成虫的不育剂,本研究利用灭幼脲Ⅲ号、除虫脲和杀铃脲3种仿生制剂分别稀释500倍、1000倍、1500倍、2000倍、3000倍和4000倍等6种浓度进行处理,对其成虫进行了不育性试验。结果表明,这3种不育剂不同处理在雌雄虫寿命、产卵量和产卵期、子代卵的孵化历期的差异均不显著,但经不育剂处理过的雌虫后期产卵量要明显小于对照;不同处理间子代卵的孵化率差异显著,特别是3种药剂500倍液处理后的孵化率分别为19.07%、23.74%和26.3%,远低于对照组的90.21%。三种不育剂1500倍以上的稀释浓度对卵的孵化均有明显的抑制作用,孵化抑制率与浓度之间呈正相关关系,其毒力方程均达到了极显著水平,其中灭幼脲Ⅲ号比其它两种不育剂效果更好。     

草地生态系统有害啮齿动物的生物防治

啮齿动物产生的危害是当今生态系统中常见的灾害之一,对其开展有效的防治是全球范围内一个重要问题。人类在控制和消灭有害啮齿动物方面做出了巨大的努力,但种种措施均有利有弊,很难兼顾高效、安全和环境等问题,因而迄今仍停留在应急防治和重复投资等被动层次上。基于此,本研究在查阅大量文献的基础上,就国内外草地生态系统中啮齿动物防治的现状、开展生物防治的主要措施、存在的主要问题进行了综述,以期为有害啮齿动物的防控提供有益参考。     

CSⅡ不育剂林间喷雾防治山楂叶螨

在不育剂筛选已获成功的基础上 ,为明确其野外应用的效果 ,应用CSⅡ不育剂可湿性粉剂在果园、桑园中分别进行山楂叶螨防治试验。结果表明 ,在果园和桑园中采用CSⅡ不育剂 100倍液喷雾 ,对山楂叶螨均产生明显的不育效果 ,并以桑园中的叶螨不育效果更为显著 ,其若螨、成螨和卵的总平均数量分别为15.267头和 0.367头 ,而对照分别为36.333头和5.300头。     

CSⅡ不育剂对家蚕的急性毒性测定及不育性研究

在不育剂室内外筛选试验均获成功的基础上,为了解其广泛应用于桑园的安全性,对筛选出的CSⅡ不育剂(可湿性粉剂)进行了家蚕急性毒性及不育性测定。前者采用饲喂浸过不育剂饱和溶液桑叶的办法进行测定;后者采用新月、新松两品种进行正交、反交测试。正杂交方式为♀(新松)×♂(新月);反交方式为♀(新月)×♂(新松)。结果表明,CSⅡ对家蚕无急性毒性;对其化蛹影响很大,但对其化蛹后发育到蛾期影响不大,也无不育性。不论是添食还是喷体,在不育剂溶液浓度为1.0%时,其上簇吐丝结茧率均达84%以上,因而对大量养蚕不制蚕种的桑园来说,可以使用该不育剂1.0%以下浓度的溶液在桑园喷雾防治山楂叶螨。     

美国白蛾化学不育试验初报

美国白蛾(Hyphantria cunea Drury)属于鳞翅目(Lepidoptera)灯蛾科(Arctiidae),是一种国际性检疫害虫,具有食性杂、寄主范围广、危害严重、繁殖力强等特点,常造成重大的生态灾害和经济损失.     

Efficacy of lufenuron as chemosterilant against Ceratitis capitata in field trials

Two field trials in citrus orchards in Turis (Valencia, Spain) and Denia (Alicante, Spain) were performed in order to test the sterilant effect of the insect growth regulator lufenuron against wild medfly Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann) populations. Two application methods for lufenuron were tested: spraying, in spots, an emulsion of lufenuron in a protein bait, and hanging delta traps that contained a proteinaceous gel with lufenuron (solid bait). The sterilant effect was measured as medfly population reduction, reduction of fruit damage in treated fields, and the number of eggs hatching in punctured fruits. In order to assess the efficacy of lufenuron treatments, we recorded results obtained from two different zones in both trial fields: an outer zone, close to untreated fields, and an inner zone, in the centre of lufenuron treated fields. We observed a minimum sterilant effect in the outer zone and a maximum sterilant effect in the inner one. The maximum sterilant effect was in the inner zone, where a reduction of medfly population of 80.4% in the sprayed field and a reduction of 77.6% in the solid bait field was observed. In addition, the greater the distance from the untreated zones of the treated orchard (inwards), the lower the fruit damage and medfly population level. In this inner zone, fruit punctured by medfly developed significantly fewer larvae (38.8%) than punctured fruits from the outer zone (68.6%). In addition, we recorded the decline in the activity of the lufenuron treatments with time. Lufenuron activity persisted in field for at least 2 weeks with spray applications, and for 3 months with bait gels.