全混合颗粒料中添加不同类型蛋氨酸对湖羊生长性能及血清生化指标的影响

本试验旨在研究在湖羊全混合颗粒料中添加不同类型蛋氨酸(蛋氨酸钙盐与蛋氨酸羟基类似物异丙酯)对湖羊生长性能及血清生化指标、抗氧化指标和激素含量的影响。选取体重为(19.99±2.04) kg的健康湖羊72只,随机分为3组:对照组、试验Ⅰ组(在基础饲粮中添加1.5 kg/t蛋氨酸钙盐)和试验Ⅱ组(在基础饲粮中添加1.5 kg/t蛋氨酸羟基类似物异丙酯),每组6个重复,每个重复4只(公母各占1/2)。预试期7 d,正试期80 d。结果表明:1)与对照组相比,试验Ⅰ组、试验Ⅱ组总增重、平均日增重均有上升的趋势,其中试验Ⅰ组总增重提高了12.8%(P>0.05),试验Ⅱ组总增重提高了3.1%(P>0.05);料重比方面,试验Ⅰ组、试验Ⅱ组均有下降的趋势,其中试验Ⅰ组下降了12.2%(P>0.05),试验Ⅱ组下降了3.6%(P>0.05)。2)试验Ⅱ组血清甘油三酯(TG)、总胆固醇(TCH)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、总蛋白(TP)含量显著高于对照组和试验Ⅰ组(P <0.05)。3)血清抗氧化指标及激素含量各组之间无显著差异(P>0.05)。综上所述,全混合颗粒料中添加蛋氨酸羟基类似物异丙酯及蛋氨酸钙盐具有提高肉羊生长速度、降低料重比的趋势,同时影响部分血清生化指标,但对血清抗氧化指标及激素含量无显著影响。     

油菜素内酯及配施外源钙对日光温室越冬茬番茄生长、坐果及产量的影响

为检验油菜素内酯(BR)的应用效果,采用大田试验的方法,研究不同浓度BR及其配施外源钙对日光温室越冬茬番茄生长、生理特性变化、坐果及产量的影响。结果表明,在试验浓度范围内,高浓度BR处理对番茄前期株高生长起到一定的抑制作用;适宜浓度的BR处理使株高增加。高浓度BR处理使番茄叶片MDA含量显著增高,且降低可溶性糖含量;适宜浓度的BR处理可降低番茄叶片MDA含量和相对电导率,增加番茄叶片的脯氨酸含量和可溶性糖含量,提高番茄的叶绿素含量。高浓度的BR处理会抑制番茄坐果,降低番茄第1花序的产量;适宜浓度的BR处理可提高番茄各层花序的坐果率,提高番茄产量。BR配施外源钙处理对番茄前期生长、生理指标优化、提高番茄坐果率和产量的加成效应不明显。综上,BR配施外源钙处理的效果不显著,适宜浓度的BR可以单独在日光温室越冬茬番茄生产上应用,以提高番茄的抗逆性和产量。     

硒肥与钝化材料组配对土壤Cd钝化及稻米Cd消减效果

为了探讨不同硒肥施用方式联合钝化材料对土壤镉钝化和稻米镉消减的效果,采用盆栽试验的方式,选用亚硒酸钠作为硒肥,钙镁磷肥和硅藻土作为钝化材料,设置基施硒肥+钙镁磷肥+硅藻土和叶面喷施硒肥+钙镁磷肥+硅藻土2种方式,研究其不同用量对镉污染酸性稻田土壤修复与安全利用的影响。结果表明：随着施用量的增加,稻米产量增加,基施硒肥产量略高于叶面喷施硒肥,产量差为 2.115 g/pot,与对照(CK)相比,基施0.28%钙镁磷肥+0.12%硅藻土+0.004‰硒(T3)能够提高1.68倍的稻米产量;随着施用量的增加,pH升高,有效Cd降低,有机质与CEC变化不大;基施硒肥与叶面喷施硒肥处理对土壤pH、有机质与CEC差异不显著,但基施硒肥处理有效Cd含量略低于叶面喷施硒肥处理,T3对土壤Cd的钝化效果最佳;随着基施硒肥用量的增加,稻米Cd含量降低,随着叶面喷施硒肥用量的增加,稻米Cd含量先降低后升高,基施硒肥处理对稻米Cd的消减程度强于叶面喷施硒肥处理,相差 0.021 mg/kg,与对照(CK)相比,T3处理稻米Cd降低0.063 mg/kg。可见,硒对调控稻米镉累积具有重要作用,且基施硒肥强于叶面喷施。综上所述,基施0.28%钙镁磷肥+0.12%硅藻土+0.004‰硒对土壤Cd钝化与稻米Cd消减的效果最佳,值得在镉污染稻田推广应用。     

Effect of miRNA-33 on ABCA1/ABCG1 expression in RAW264.7 macrophage-derived foam cells after Hcy treatment

AIM:To study whether homocysteine (Hcy) inhibits the expression of ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1) and ATP-binding cassette transporter G1 (ABCG1) by microRNA-33 (miRNA-33) signaling, and reduces the efficiency of reverse cholesterol transport (RCT).METHODS:RAW264.7 macrophages were induced by oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) to establish foam cell model. Oil red O staining was used to determine whether the model was established successfully. miRNA-33 mimics and miRNA-33 inhibitor were transfected into the cells by Lipofectamine 2000, and the cells were exposed to Hcy at concentration of 5 mmol/L for 24 h. The intracellular lipid droplets were observed by Oil red O staining. The expression of ABCA1 and ABCG1 at mRNA and protein levels was determined by real-time PCR and Western blot. The cellular cholesterol content was analyzed by HPLC, and effluent rate of cholesterol was detected by the method of liquid scintillation counting.RESULTS:Compared with blank control group, the lipid content in miRNA-33 mimics group was increased, and the expression of ABCA1 and ABCG1 at mRNA and protein levels was decreased (P<0.05). The intracellular cholesterol content was increased gradually (P<0.05), and the cellular cholesterol efflux rate was gradually decreased (P<0.05) in miRNA-33 mimics group. Compared with blank control group, the testing results in miRNA-33 inhibitor group were the opposition of those in miRNA-33 mimics group (P<0.05). No diffe-rence of the above indexes among blank control group, miRNA-33 mimics-NC group and miRNA-33 inhibitor-NC group was observed.CONCLUSION:Hcy inhibits the mRNA and protein expression of ABCA1 and ABCG1 through miRNA-33 signaling, and reduces the efficiency of RCT in RAW264.7 macrophage-derived foam cells.     

钙肥不同用量对巨峰葡萄产量及品质的影响

巨峰葡萄是南阳鲜食葡萄的品种之一,由于管理技术、营养供应等多方面的原因,葡萄的果实品质与国外同类产品相比存在较大差距,主要表现为果实较软、生理病害严重、耐贮性不足等问题。在巨峰葡萄果实膨大期和成熟后期分别对叶面和果穗同时喷施不同浓度的钙肥(卡利奥钙肥),分析了葡萄产量及果实品质相关性状的变化。结果表明,除可滴定酸和对照相比变化不显著外,增施钙肥能显著提高葡萄果实品质和产量指标;其中稀释3 000倍液对葡萄果实品质和产量提高效果最好,果实中钙、花青素、Vc含量、可溶性固形物含量、单株穗数、单穗重和亩产量分别比对照增加29.1%、20.9%、40.2%、1.2%、5.0%、23.6%、25.6%,葡萄的裂果率较对照降低25.9%。以上结果说明,叶面和果穗合理增施钙料可有效的提高葡萄果实品质及产量。     

围产期奶牛血钙影响因素及其与生产性能关系分析

本试验旨在探究围产期奶牛血钙浓度影响因素及其与生产性能的关系。于2018年7月20日—8月15日对北京地区36头围产期健康荷斯坦牛的血钙浓度进行测定,收集该牛场奶牛生产性能测定(DHI)报告,利用固定效应模型分析不同胎次、体况评分(BCS)、健康状况及血钙浓度变异度对血钙浓度的影响。结果表明:血钙浓度与产后天数存在显著的正向相关关系;经产牛的血钙浓度(1.40 mmol/L)极显著高于初产牛(1.31 mmol/L);不同BCS分组奶牛血钙浓度差异不显著;健康组的血钙浓度(1.41 mmol/L)显著高于患病组(1.30 mmol/L);血钙浓度变异度的大小影响奶牛的产奶量,初产奶牛低变异度组的产奶量(16.70 kg/d)显著高于中变异度组(9.75 kg/d)和高变异度组(5.63 kg/d)。本研究进一步揭示了围产期荷斯坦牛血钙浓度的变化规律以及其影响因素,为预防奶牛产后低血钙症的发生以及制定提高奶牛生产性能的饲养管理策略提供参考。     

日粮钙水平对空怀期云南半细毛羊生长性能及血清生化指标和繁殖相关激素的影响

试验旨在探讨日粮钙水平对空怀期云南半细毛羊生长性能、配种前血清生化指标和繁殖相关激素的影响,为开展空怀期云南半细毛羊营养需要量研究提供参考。选用50只体况良好、体重相近、38月龄的经产2胎空怀云南半细毛羊,随机均分为5组,分别饲喂0.40%(无外源钙)、0.45%、0.53%、0.66%、0.85%5个钙水平的日粮。预试期14d,正试期30d。结果表明:0.53%钙水平组云南半细毛羊的总增重、平均日增重、平均日采食量、耗料增重比等指标相对优于其他组;0.40%钙水平日粮组的血清钙最高,血清碱性磷酸酶、甲状旁腺素、钙、磷组间差异不显著(P>0.05);繁殖相关激素各组间表现不一,0.40%钙水平组雌二醇水平最高(P>0.05)。在日粮磷水平为0.20%水平条件下,0.53%钙水平组的空怀期云南半细毛羊表现出较好的生长性能,可为临配种前生理生化和激素水平提供较好准备;增加日粮钙水平,未见对以上指标有明显的正向增强作用,可能与日粮钙磷比失衡有关。     

补充营养对茶银尺蠖成虫寿命和产卵量的影响

茶银尺蠖[Scopula subpunctaria (Herrich-Schaeffer)]是危害茶树的常见害虫之一。为了更好地在实验室内饲养此害虫,获得大量供试虫源,研究了补充不同营养对茶银尺蠖成虫寿命和产卵量的影响。结果表明,成虫补充10%蜂蜜水和10%糖水时,雌成虫平均单雌产卵量显著提高,分别为(152.5±16.83)粒和(177.5±19.01)粒;产卵期显著延长,分别为(17.8±1.08) d和(21.4±1.27) d。补充不同营养对雌成虫产卵期和产卵后期有显著影响,但对产卵前期影响不显著。补充10%糖水时,雌成虫的寿命最长,为(29.1±1.41) d,显著高于其他处理;而在10%蜂蜜水、水和对照处理下,雌成虫寿命分别为(23.8±1.15)、(14.4±0.48)、(6.3±0.37) d。补充10%糖水和10%蜂蜜水时,雄成虫的寿命分别为(21.3±0.93) d和(19.5±1.20) d,显著高于水和空白对照处理。在每个处理下,雌成虫的寿命均高于雄成虫。综上所述,10%糖水可作为成虫补充营养的最佳选择。     

Effect of dietary calcium or phosphorus deficiency on bone development and related calcium or phosphorus metabolic utilization parameters of broilers from 22 to 42 days of age

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of dietary calcium (Ca) or phosphorus (P) deficiency on bone development and related Ca or P metabolic utilization parameters of broilers from 22 to 42 days of age based on our previous study, which indicated that dietary Ca or P deficiency impaired the bone development by regulating related Ca or P metabolic utilization parameters of broilers from 1 to 21 days of age. A total of 504 one-day-old Arbor Acres male broilers were randomly assigned to 1 of 4 treatments with 7 replicates in a completely randomized design, and fed the normal control and Ca- or P-deficient diets from 1 to 21 days of age. At 22 days of age, the broilers were further fed the normal control diet (0.90% Ca+0.35% non-phytate P (NPP)), the P-deficient diet (0.90% Ca+0.18% NPP), the Ca-deficient diet (0.30% Ca+0.35% NPP) or the Ca and P-deficient diet (0.30% Ca+0.18% NPP), respectively. The results showed that dietary Ca or P deficiency decreased (P<0.05) tibia bone mineral density (BMD), bone breaking strength (BBS), ash content, tibia ash Ca content and serum P content on days 28 and 42, but increased (P<0.05) tibia alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity of broilers on day 42 compared with the control group. Furthermore, the broilers fed the P-deficient diet had the lowest (P<0.05) tibia BMD, BBS, ash content, serum P content and the highest (P<0.05) serum Ca content on day 28 compared with those fed the Ca-deficient or Ca and P-deficient diets. The results from the present study indicated that the bone development and related Ca or P metabolic utilization parameters of broilers were the most sensitive to dietary P deficiency, followed by dietary Ca deficiency or Ca and P-deficiency; dietary Ca or P deficiency impaired the bone development possibly by regulating serum Ca and P contents as well as tibia Ca content and ALP activity of broilers from 22 to 42 days of age.     

SCFAs对奶牛瘤胃上皮细胞Ca2+信号通路相关基因表达的影响

为探究短链脂肪酸(SCFAs)对奶牛瘤胃上皮细胞(BRECs)Ca~(2+)信号通路相关基因表达的影响,试验分为3个处理组,分别为野生型BRECs组,含20mmol/L SCFAs BRECs组,含20mmol/L SCFAs且通过CRISPR/Cas 9系统敲除GPR41基因的BRECs组,每个处理组3个重复,每组细胞均培养24h后,收集细胞提取总RNA,通过qRT-PCR对Ca~(2+)信号通路相关基因的mRNA表达量和细胞内Ca~(2+)浓度进行测定。结果表明,与野生型BRECs相比,添加20mmol/L SCFAs可极显著增加PLCB2的mRNA表达量(P0.01),显著增加IP3R1的mRNA表达量(P0.05),对PLCE1、PLCL1、PKCB和PKCG的mRNA表达量无显著差异(P0.05),可增加细胞内Ca~(2+)浓度但无显著差异(P0.05);敲除SCFAs的受体GPR41后,添加20 mmol/L SCFAs可显著降低IP3R1的mRNA表达量(P0.05),极显著上调PLCE1和PLCB2的mRNA表达量(P0.01),但对PLCL1、PKCB和PKCG的mRNA表达量无显著影响(P0.05),细胞内Ca~(2+)浓度有降低趋势但无显著差异(P0.05)。综上,SCFAs可以通过激活其受体GPR41来调控BRECs内Ca~(2+)信号通路中相关基因的表达和细胞内Ca~(2+)的释放。