Hydrodynamic method for estimating production carrying capacity of coastal finfish cage aquaculture in Southeast Asia

This paper presents the development of a simple and generally applicable hydrodynamic method for the estimation of production carrying capacity (PCC) of coastal finfish cage aquaculture. Dimensional analysis was used to find significant and general interdependencies between the hydrodynamics at fish farm locations and particulate wastes deposited on the seafloor by fish farms. Modeled ratios of deposition to emission of particulate wastes underneath fish farms were found to be primarily a function of the flow Reynolds numbers at the farming locations and the non-dimensional settling velocity of emitted wastes. In the non-dimensional model, farming conditions include daily feed rate, proportion of unconsumed feed, and carbon content in feed and fish feces. The relationship can be used to estimate the PCC of floating net cages imposing a threshold value for deposition. Results of in-situ assessments of the benthic impacts of several fish farms in an aquaculture site in the northwest of Bali, Indonesia were used to validate and demonstrate the effectiveness of the method. Predicted results were able to clearly identify fish farms operating beyond ecologically sustainable carrying capacity. The proposed method has broad applicability and could help make decisions regarding the estimation of production potential of individual farms in pristine areas, for providing first estimates in sites that have scarce data, and for assessment, expansion, and optimization of the currently operating aquaculture sites in Southeast Asia, China and potentially other data-poor island nations. As the method relies on dynamic models, it enables straightforward assessments over the entire aquaculture region.     

人类活动对大亚湾海域鱼类群落多样性及其演替的影响

根据2015—2016年间对大亚湾海域进行的4个航次底拖网调查数据,分析了大亚湾鱼类群落的种类组成和多样性特征。结果表明,调查共采集到鱼类131种,隶属14目、53科、84属。其中以鲈形目(Perciformes)占绝对优势(54.20%),其次是鳗鲡目(Agunilliformes)和鲽形目(Pleuronectiformes),均占9.92%。种类数具明显季节变化,以夏季最高,69种;春季最低,32种。鱼类群落优势种组成主要以二长棘犁齿鲷(Evynnis cardinalis)、李氏(Callionymus richardsoni)、斑(Clupanodon punctatus)、竹荚鱼(Trachurus japonicus)、黄鳍马面鲀(Thamnaconus hypargyreus)、短吻鲾(Leiognathus brevirostris)和细条天竺鲷(Apogon lineatus)等小型鱼类为主。多样性分析显示,鱼类物种多样性存在明显的季节差异和空间差异。季节变化上,多样性指数(H')季节变化范围为1.516~1.998,以冬季最高,秋季最低;均匀度指数(J')季节变化范围为0.494~0.869,以冬季最高,夏季最低;丰富度指数(D')季节变化范围为2.230~3.777,以夏季最高,秋季最低。典范对应分析表明,温度、盐度和水深是影响大亚湾海域鱼类群落结构的主要环境因子。空间分布上,海湾中部海域鱼类多样性水平高于沿岸海域。与历史资料相比,由于人类活动对大亚湾生态系统的干扰,鱼类群落结构发生了较大变化,优势种组成更替明显,多样性水平降低,鱼类群落结构趋向简单化。     

西部地区实施乡村振兴战略路径探析

由于主体责任不明确，农村商品经济发展滞后，科技文化素养偏低，西部乡村自身定位不清，农业生产技术落后，农产品科技含量低等问题制约了农村发展。只有正确处理政府主导与村民主体关系，优化资源配置，建立现代农业产业体系，思想扶贫、智力扶贫与能力扶贫相结合，因地制宜，以市场为导向，发展特色农业等举措，才能振兴西部乡村。     

Contrasted optimal environmental windows for both sardinella species in Senegalese waters

We investigate Sardinella aurita and Sardinella maderensis recruitment success relative to the variability of oceanographic conditions in Senegalese waters using generalized additive models (GAM). Results show that recruitment of both species is marked by a strong intra‐annual (seasonal) variation with minimum and maximum in winter and summer, respectively. Their interannual variations are synchronous until 2006 (recruitment decreasing), while from 2007 there is no synchrony. The model developed shows that sardinella recruitment variability is closely related to the tested environmental variables in the study area. However, the key environmental variables influencing the recruitment success are different for both species: the Coastal Upwelling Index and the sea surface temperature for S. aurita and S. maderensis, respectively. We report that recruitment success of S. aurita and S. maderensis are associated with distinct ranges of sea surface temperature, upwelling intensity, wind‐induced turbulence, concentration of chlorophyll‐a and north Atlantic oscillation index. Considering food security and socio‐economic importance of both stocks, we recommend that consideration is given to the environmental variability in the small pelagic fish national management plans, particularly in the context of climate change.     

采用主成分分析法评价廉州湾贝类养殖区水质状况

为了解广西廉州湾贝类养殖区水质状况并指导渔业生产,借助SPSS软件,分析了2013—2015年该养殖区的水温、溶氧(DO)、化学耗氧量(COD)、溶解态无机磷(DIP)、溶解态无机氮(DIN)、石油类、汞(Hg)和叶绿素-a(Chl-a)等8项水质因子。采用主成分分析法筛选对养殖区影响较显著的因子来综合评价水质状况。结果显示,在产卵期(5月)和高渔获期(10月)可以各提取占总方差89.9%、92.9%的前4个主成分来计算综合评价函数得分,2013—2015年各监测期水质综合得分依次是0.220、-0.211、0.759、1.028、-0.977、-0.817,分值高低反映水质污染程度。2013年两个监测期的水质均属于III类,2014年两个监测期的水质均属于IV类,2015年产卵期水质属于I类,2015年高渔获期水质属于II类。由此可知,养殖区水质综合状况不稳定,年际间变化较大,曾出现Hg超标情况,污染较严重的是DIP、DIN和Chl-a。因此,养殖区应加强码头日常作业及沿岸工业排污口管理,同时应控制生活污水、农业废水排入,合理规划养殖规模,防止贝类养殖自身污染。     

不同植被覆盖盐碱地碱化特征及养分状况

为进行区域耕地保护和质量提升,增加耕地数量,合理开发利用长期处于荒废状态的盐碱地势在必行。本研究采用常规经典的测试方法,对西辽河流域8种植被覆盖盐碱地土壤0-5、5-15、15-30和30-50cm剖面层的土壤有机质、速效养分、碱化特征及离子组成进行了分析。结果表明,不同植被覆盖盐碱地养分含量均不同,玉米(Zea mays)地、羊草(Leymus chinensis)+狗尾草(Setaria viridis)草地的有机质、速效养分含量较高;虎尾草(Chloris virgata)草地、裸地、碱蓬(Suaeda glauca)地的养分含量相近且极显著低于玉米地和羊草+狗尾草草地的养分含量(P0.01)。各生态景观的碱化特征在4个剖面层间均差异极显著(P0.01),羊草+狗尾草的pH、碱化度(ESP)和含盐量在4个剖面层中均低于其它生态景观的;裸地、碱蓬地、芦苇地(Phragmites australis)和芦苇苔草(Carex dariuscula)草地在4个剖面层的pH、ESP和含盐量均较高;碱蓬地与裸地在0-5cm剖面层的Na~+、CO_3~(2-)、HCO_3~-含量较高,玉米地、羊草+狗尾草的CO_3~(2-)和HCO_3~-较低。各植被覆盖地间的离子组成基本呈极显著性差异(P0.01)。由于盐碱化土壤退化到一定程度会变成裸地,不利于改良利用,因此,本研究通过比较不同植被覆盖盐碱地4个剖面层的养分状况和碱化特征,认为羊草+狗尾草覆盖有利于盐碱化土壤的改良。     

香港行道树管理优化探讨

结合实际情况，分析香港市区行道树安全管理在综合管理措施、规划设计建设、种植养护技术等方面存在的不足，其管理观念及技术已经不符合当前绿化生态的理念及发展。继而针对性提出健全管理机构、优化技术措施、加强各部门的宏观协作等建议。     

桑沟湾不同养殖区大型底栖动物的群落结构特征

于2016年9月和11月对我国北方典型筏式养殖海湾—桑沟湾的筏式贝藻养殖区和网箱养殖区的大型底栖动物进行调查,研究了桑沟湾不同养殖区大型底栖动物的种类组成、数量分布、群落结构及生物多样性等群落特征,分析了底栖动物与海洋环境因子的关系,以了解养殖活动对大型底栖动物的影响。结果显示,调查共鉴定出大型底栖动物67种,其中,环节动物多毛类36种,软体动物12种,节肢动物门甲壳类和全足类16种,棘皮动物3种。桑沟湾大型底栖动物的优势种主要为多毛类,贝藻区的绝对优势种为刚鳃虫和长叶索沙蚕,网箱区的绝对优势种为异足索沙蚕和多丝独毛虫。生物量和丰度的特性为9月网箱区11月网箱区9月贝藻区,多样性指数的趋势相反。研究表明,底栖动物群落特征与底质有机碳、总磷、硫化物和氧化还原电位等因素有关,桑沟湾大规模养殖活动对底栖动物群落组成和分布产生了一定的影响。     

Geochronology,geochemistry, and Sr-Nd isotopes of Early Carboniferous magmatism in southern West Junggar,northwestern China: Implications for Junggar oceanic plate subduction

West Junggar is a key area for understanding intra-oceanic plate subduction and the final closure of the Junggar Ocean. Knowledge of the Carboniferous tectonic evolution of the Junggar Ocean region is required for understanding the tectonic framework and accretionary processes in West Junggar, Central Asian Orogenic Belt. A series of Early Carboniferous volcanic and intrusive rocks, namely, basaltic andesite, andesite, dacite, and diorite, occur in the Mayile area of southern West Junggar, northwestern China. Our new LA-ICPMS zircon U-Pb geochronological data reveal that diorite intruded at 334 (±1) Ma, and that basaltic andesite was erupted at 334 (±4) Ma. These intrusive and volcanic rocks are calc-alkaline, display moderate MgO (1.62%-4.18%) contents and Mg# values (40-59), and low Cr (14.5×10^-6-47.2×10^-6) and Ni (7.5×10^-6-34.6×10^-6) contents, and are characterized by enrichment in light rare-earth elements and large-ion lithophile elements and depletion in heavy rare-earth elements and high-field-strength elements, meaning that they belong to typical subduction-zone island-arc magma. The samples show low initial ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratios (range of 0.703649-0.705008), positive ε_Nd(t) values (range of 4.8-6.2 and mean of 5.4), and young T_DM Nd model ages ranging from 1016 to 616 Ma, indicating a magmatic origin from depleted mantle involving partial melting of 10%-25% garnet and spinel lherzolite. Combining our results with those of previous studies, we suggest that these rocks were formed as a result of northwestward subduction of the Junggar oceanic plate, which caused partial melting of sub-arc mantle. We conclude that intra-oceanic arc magmatism was extensive in West Junggar during the Early Carboniferous.     

First serological evidence of West Nile virus infection in wild birds in Northern Algeria

While the epidemiology of Flaviviruses has been extensively studied in most of the Mediterranean basin, little is known about the current situation in Algeria. In order to detect the circulation of West Nile (WNV) and Usutu viruses (USUV) in Kabylia, 165 sera were collected from two wild birds species, namely the long distance migrant Turdus philomelos (song thrush) (n = 92) and the resident Passer domesticus (house sparrow) (n = 73). A total of 154 sera were first analyzed by commercial competition ELISA. WNV and USUV micro-neutralization tests were performed on all c-ELISA positive sera and all samples with poor volume. Overall, 7.8 % (CI95 %: 3.5–11.9) were positive by c-ELISA. Positive results were detected in 12.5 % (CI95 %:5.6–19.4) of song thrushes and 1.5 % (CI95 %: 0.0–4.5) for sparrow.Micro-neutralization tests revealed an overall seroprevalence of 6.7 % for WNV (CI95 %: 2.9–10.3), Neutralizing antibodies were found in 8.7 % (CI95 %: 3.0–14.4) for song thrushes and in 4.1 % (CI95 %: 0.0–8.7) of sparrows. The current study demonstrates significant seroprevalence of WNV antibodies in wild birds in Algeria.