A QSAR Study of the Repellency of some Terpenoids to the Bedbug Cimex lectularius L.

测定了一系列六元环萜类化合物对臭虫(Cimex lectularius L.)的驱避活性,利用Codessa Pro程序计算了这些化合物的结构描述符,再利用Codessa Pro程序中的最优线性回归方法计算了驱避活性与这些化合物结构描述符之间的定量构效关系.所得到的最优定量构效关系计算模型的R2为0.924,模型所包含的4个参数分别是:FNSA3 fractional PNSA、Min n-n repulsion for bond H-C、YZ Shadow/YZ rectangle、Max electrophilic reactivity index for atom C.通过对模型的分析讨论了臭虫化学感受器与驱避剂之间可能存在的相互作用.     

运用QSAR模式对N—甲基氨基甲酸酯类农药急性毒性的定量预测

运用多元回归对２２种Ｎ－甲基氨基酸甲酸酯类农药进行了结构－毒性关系的研究，选入的结构参数ｌｏｇＫｏｗ和分子连接性指数直接通过计算得到，毒性参数诜在量鼠经口ＬＤ６５０。结果表明，ｌｏｇＫｏｗ，ＸＶ和ＸＶ能很好地反映这类化合物的结构特性。     

有机磷农药氯过氧化物酶反应活性的定量构效研究

氯过氧化物酶（CPO）是应用最广的一种过氧化物酶，能催化一系列底物的氧化。采用量子化学从头算方法在HF／6—31G（d）水平下计算了7种含S=P键的有机磷农药的多个量子化学参数，运用偏最小二乘法建立CPO对有机磷农药反应活性的定量结构-活性关系（QSAR）模型。结果表明，CPO对有机磷农药的反应活性与所考查的量子化学参数之间存在非线性关系。以对数关系建模得到了相关系数为0．910的模型，该模型具有较高的拟合精度和较强的预测能力。模型辅助分析表明。农药分子的S=P键中S原子电荷的大小对氧化活性的影响最大，P原子电荷大小的影响次之，分子偶极矩对氧化活性也有一定影响：农药分子中S原子带负电荷越多，P原子所带正电荷越多，分子极性越小，该农药就越容易被CPO催化氧化。最后运用所得模型预测了2种有机磷农药的CPO反应活性。     

1-取代-2-氨基苯并咪唑化合物QSAR研究

利用量子化学程序计算了8个1-取代-2-氨基苯并咪唑化合物的结构和量子化学参数(最高充满轨道能量、最低空轨道能量、水化能、极化率、生成热、N1原子静电势、摩尔折射率等),并分别对雌、雄小鼠急性毒性进行了定量结构-活性相关(QSARs)分析。结果表明,正辛醇-水分配系数、最低空轨道能量、极化率、水化能4个参数共同构建的模型准确性最高,解决了化合物苯环取代基预测相差较远的问题,而水化能、极化率在QSAR研究中也比较少见。利用上述模型对雌、雄小鼠急性毒性进行了预测,结果表明该模型能很好地预测化合物对小鼠急性毒性,预测值与试验值误差小。     

Development of novel pesticides based on phytoalexins: Part 2. Quantitative structure-activity relationships of 2-heteroaryl-4-chromanone derivatives

Phytoalexins are low-molecular-weight chemicals that immune systems of plants produce and accumulate in response to infections, especially those of fungal origin. Although their content is not high in plants, yet they have shown unique fungicidal activity and played an important role in the defence system of plants. In searching for novel environmentally benign fungicides with high activity, the structures of flavanone derivatives, one of the most important phytoalexins groups, have been modified via bioisosteric substitution and a series of 2-heteroaryl-4-chromanones were designed and synthesized. They showed good fungicidal activities against rice blast disease, Pyricularia grisea (Sacc). Their IC50 values were tested in vitro and the relationship between structure and fungicidal activity was analyzed quantitatively using a Hansch-Fujita approach. The results showed that hydrophobicity was very important for fungicidal activity and there is apparently an optimum hydrophobic property for the molecules at a log Pow value of about 2.7. In addition, the results indicated that electronic effects played an important role in binding with the receptor and that the C=O group was probably a electron-accepting site. The quantitative structure-retention correlative equation of the title compounds was also established.     

Structural effects of dinotefuran and analogues in insecticidal and neural activities

The insecticidal potencies of dinotefuran and analogues against the adult male American cockroach, Periplaneta americana (L) were measured by injection with or without metabolic inhibitors. The potency of dinotefuran was close to those of clothianidin and imidacloprid under the conditions used. The nerve-excitatory and nerve-blocking activities were measured with central nerve cords of P americana. The nerve-excitatory activity of dinotefuran was lower than that of imidacloprid, but was comparable with that of clothianidin. The nerve-blocking activity of dinotefuran was comparable with that of imidacloprid and slightly higher than that of clothianidin. Quantitative analyses showed that variations in the insecticidal activity were better correlated with variations in the nerve-blocking activity than with those in the nerve-excitatory activity when the contribution of the hydrophobic factor was allowed for.     

N-(pyrid-3-yl)thioureas and derivatives as acaricides. II. Quantitative structure-activity relationships and chemodynamic behaviour

The biological activity of a series of N-(pyrid-3-yl)thioureas and -carbodiimides, analogues of the insecticide/acaricide diafenthiuron, towards the carmine spider mite (Tetranychus cinnabarinus Boisd.) and the two-spotted spider mite (T. urticae Koch) was analysed using QSAR methodology. A canonical correlation analysis allowed for the establishment of a prediction model and the identification of outliers within that model. The chemodynamic behaviour of certain compounds in the two series, including these outliers, determined by using photochemical experiments in the laboratory as well as in the glasshouse, was shown to be responsible for anomalous results obtained in the biological tests. It was found from the above study that the biological activity towards both spider mite species is extremely sensitive to the kinetics of formation of the carbodiimides from the corresponding thioureas and to the photostability of the former. The results obtained with a thiourea which underwent no appreciable photochemical transformation into the corresponding carbodiimide supported the hypothesis that the thioureas are also in-vivo propesticides of the acaricidal carbodiimides.     

QSAR及其在农药设计中的应用和进展

在介绍定量结构 -活性关系 (QSAR)的基本原理后 ,重点评述了 QSAR各种方法的主要原理、优缺点及其在农药设计中的研究应用进展 ,包括取代基多参数法 (Hansch法 )、Free- Wilson法、分子轨道法 (MO)、距离比较法 (DISCO)、比较分子力场分析法 (Co MFA)、分子模拟法 (MS)、分子对接法 (MD)、人工神经网络法 (ANN)以及 Leapfrog法等。     

A perspective on the role of quantitative structure-activity and structure-property relationships in herbicide discovery

BACKGROUND: For the last 15 years the agrochemical industry has focused on using genetic modification to put genes that confer resistance to existing commercial herbicides into crop plants rather than on discovering new herbicides with novel modes of action. The widespread appearance of weeds resistant to those herbicides is now causing the industry to revive their herbicide discovery programs. RESULTS: Elucidation of quantitative structure–activity relationships (QSARs) played a major role in the discovery and development of existing commercial herbicides, but the advent of genetically modified crops has caused published work (at least) in the area to drift from the industrial arena into academic studies. The focus has also turned inward, to refining models for established herbicide targets instead of elucidating new ones. CONCLUSION: This perspective highlights the importance of QSARs and quantitative structure–property relationships (QSPRs) to herbicide discovery in an historical context and provides some guidance as to how they might profitably be applied going forward. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry