槭属植物种子解剖生物学的研究

对黑龙江省分布的11种槭属植物种子,从形态特征、解剖特征、种子休眠特征、结实规律、种子萌发等方面进行了详细的观测和分析,结果表明:种子外观最大者为拧劲槭,最小为小楷槭;除茶条槭成熟率较高外,一般年份其他种子成熟率30%～50%;槭树种子室温储藏5年,发芽率50%以上;解除槭树种子胚休眠0～10℃低温效果显著,3～4 个月低温即可完成胚的生理后熟.同时描述了槭树种子形态特征与解剖特征间关系.     

气象条件对内江地区水稻生长影响的分析

本研究旨在定量讨论气象条件对水稻穗—茎叶的影响。主要根据水稻的生理特征和生长规律,采用动力学的方法,分营养生长期和生殖生长期建立水稻生长模型。在此基础上,结合Forcal、Matlab等数值模拟工具,探索性的讨论气温、降水和日照3个综合因素对水稻穗—茎叶的影响。【结果】？核心部分,约150字（全面、概括、精炼）【结论】？结果表明：（1）营养生长所带来的能量优势并不能完全转化为稻穗的储存优势,而生殖生长期的环境条件对水稻的产量形成更为关键;（2）不仅营养不足对稻穗物质积累存在负面作用,而且旺长对稻穗物质积累也存在一定的负面作用;（3）该模型较好地反映了气象条件对水稻生长的影响,从能量的角度定量化的模拟四川内江地区的水稻生长情况。     

国外枫树优良品种引种试验初报

枫树是最受欢迎的园林绿化树种之一,为丰富我国枫树种质资源,增加园林绿化树种的多样性,山东省果树研究所于2005年从美国引进4种枫树种的10个优良品种。经过3年多的栽培研究,从生物学特性、形态学特性、生长适应性等方面,观察了引进品种在山东泰安地区的生长表现。结果表明：自由人枫‘秋焰’和‘冷俊’两个品种生长量大,秋季叶色美观,红色期长,适宜在山东及周边地区推广栽培;‘秋焰’和‘冷俊’具有较强抗冻性,具向北移栽的潜力。     

“冷俊”槭查尔酮异构酶基因(CHI)片段克隆及序列分析

以槭树品种"冷俊"为试材,利用RT-PCR技术,根据GenBank中登录的相关物种查尔酮异构酶基因(CHI)的保守序列设计简并引物,提取其秋季变色期叶片中的总RNA并扩增出CHI基因的cDNA片段。测序结果表明,该片段长553 bp,编码183个氨基酸。序列分析表明,该片段与龙眼、橄榄、山茶、沙梨等的同源性在81%～90%以上,证明已成功克隆到槭树变色期叶片CHI基因的cDNA片段,在GenBank中登录号为KC121346。     

二种槭树有效获得无菌试管苗的研究

以挪威槭的成熟种子,自由人槭的顶芽、幼嫩茎段为外植体,研究了0.1%升汞不同消毒时间、不同培养条件、不同培养基对2种槭树有效获得无菌试管苗的影响.结果表明:挪威槭种子用0.1%升汞消毒8 min,在Ms+6-BA 0.5 mg/L+NAA 0.2 mg//L的培养基上,黑暗条件、温度24～26℃下,有效的获得了无菌试管苗;自由人槭以顶芽为外植体,0.1%升汞消毒6min,在MS+6-BA 0.5(0.2)mg/L+NAA 0.2 mg/L培养基上,光照3 000 5 000 lx、温度24～26℃下,同样有效的获得了无菌试管苗.     

Forest fire effects in beech dominated mountain forest of Iran

Most of world's forests of different climates have a history of fire, but with different severities. Fire regimes for broadleaf deciduous forests have return intervals that vary from many decades (or less) to centuries (or more). Iran has a total of 1.2 million ha of temperate forest in the north, where fires burn about 300–400 ha annually. This study focused on the impact of fire on forest structure, tree species quality, and regeneration composition (specially beech) in the Chelir forest of northern Iran. The results showed that forest fires changed the structure and had different effects on tree species composition between burned and control areas. Thin barked species such as oriental beech (Fagus orientalis Lipsky) and coliseum maple (Acer cappadocicum Gled.) have been affected more than those with thick bark, like hornbeam (Carpinus betulus L.) and chestnut-leaved oak (Quercus castaneifolia C.A. Mey). The density of oriental beech regeneration in the unburned area was greater than in the burned area, while the quantity of regeneration of hornbeam, coliseum maple and velvet maple (Acer velutinum Boiss) was higher in burned area. Forest fire had a greater effect on oriental beech quality, and changed regeneration composition in the burned area. Fire prevention activities should be considered as a silvicultural treatment for preserving these valuable forests.     

本溪市枫红指数预报方法研究

利用本溪市部分景区2015—2016年枫红指数和无人自动站温度、降水、日照等资料,采用相关分析和回归分析等方法,对枫红指数变化进行分析并建立了枫红指数预测模型。结果表明,影响枫叶变色的气象因子中,温度影响最大,日照次之,降水较小;而气温因子中,最低气温影响最大,最高气温影响较小。运用枫红指数预测模型,其模型回代拟合率为68.8%,模型预测正确率为63.5%,模型具有一定的可预测性。     

Sweet trees, sour circumstances: the long search for sustainability in the North American maple products industry

Maple sugar and maple syrup have long been important non-timber forest products in North America. We examined the historical and the scientific literature to determine the long-term sustainability of the industry in an economic, an ecological, and a cultural context. During the 18th and 19th centuries, maple sugar was an inexpensive substitute for cane sugar and a cash crop that fit into the work schedule of the northern farmer. Maple syrup replaced maple sugar as the mainstay of the industry at the end of the 19th century as increasingly cheaper cane sugar and other sweeteners undercut the sugar market. Active government intervention and support have made Quebec the major bulk supplier of maple syrup today. Quebec alone produces approximately 80% of the world’s supply of maple products. A series of good sap years and production in excess of demand, however, has recently reduced the price of bulk syrup and the profit of producers in Quebec. Producers in the United States have focused on the more lucrative and price stable retail syrup market.

Farming practices in the late 18th and early 19th centuries tended to clear away sugar maple on the more fertile, level sites and preserve sugar maple as a source of fuel wood, sugar and syrup on the less accessible, marginal sites. The crude tapping procedures employed at the same time often killed the trees. Widespread grazing in the 20th century and more recently diameter-limit cutting of even-aged stands have hindered the regeneration of the sugarbush. An emphasis on monocultures and global warming currently threatens the sustainability of the sugarbush. On the whole, however, the maple products industry has probably increased sugar maple’s representation in the forest. From a cultural standpoint, the industry represents a positive work experience that unites families, connects one to the land, and provides a sense of continuity with the past.     

Capsaicin migration through maple sap collection tubing

Capsaicins, present in most hot sauces and salsas, are responsible for the “hot” sensation in many spicy foods. At high doses, capsaicins cause significant discomfort upon contact with the sensitive tissues of the mouth and throat of mammals. By applying a capsaicin containing paste to the outside of maple tree sap collection tubing, operators hope to minimize rodent (primarily red squirrel, Tamiasciurus hudsonicus) gnawing damage to the tubing. However, some operators and sap processors have expressed concern regarding the potential migration of capsaicins through the tubing and into the tree sap, leading to contaminated maple syrup. To address these concerns, we filled a variety of new and used sap collection tubing with maple sap, plugged the ends, and coated the tubing with a commercially available capsaicin-based rodent repellent paste. Following storage, the contents of the tubes were carefully removed and subjected to a solid-phase extraction clean-up process. Capsaicins in the sap were then quantified by high performance liquid chromatography/fluorescence detection. Results indicate that polyethylene tubing was more resistant to capsaicins migration than was polyvinyl tubing. While capsaicins were detected in the sap, the predicted levels in syrup would be below the human taste threshold.     

中国槭属(Acer)的数值分类

应用数值分类的多种方法(系统分类法、模糊分类法、图论分类法、主分量分类法)对我国150种槭树进行了数值分类研究。根据各种数值分类方法得到的结果,以协表相相关系数作为最佳分类的依据,确定了相关系数UPGMA法的分类结果为最佳。画出树系图,找出属以下分类阶元的结合线。根据结合线,并考虑该属进化系统学知识,最后将槭属分为14个组。与传统分类系统的分类结果相比较,绝大多数种相符,并且使有的类群得到合理的归并和划分。同时,对近年发表的近几个新种也进行了归类。