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1.
为降低西瓜基质育苗生产成本,采用不同比例的辣椒秸秆与蛭石、珍珠岩进行复配,探讨其对西瓜幼苗形态建成及生理特性的影响,以明确最佳的草炭替代材料。试验设置L1(V辣椒秸秆∶V蛭石∶V珍珠岩=1∶1∶1)、L2(V辣椒秸秆∶V蛭石∶V珍珠岩=2∶1∶1)、L3(V辣椒秸秆∶V蛭石∶V珍珠岩=4∶1∶1)3个处理和对照CK(V草炭∶V蛭石∶V珍珠岩=2∶1∶1)。结果表明,L2处理的西瓜幼苗株高、茎粗、叶片数、干鲜质量、根尖数、壮苗指数和根冠比最大,根系活力最高;L1处理的西瓜幼苗出苗率最高,但与L2差异不显著;L3处理的西瓜幼苗根长最大,但与L2差异不显著。L2处理的西瓜幼苗叶片叶绿素a、叶绿素b、叶绿素(a+b)、类胡萝卜素含量和净光合速率最高,较对照分别增加10.98%、11.51%、11.13%、7.71%和21.38%。因此,由辣椒秸秆、蛭石、珍珠岩体积比按2:1:1复合而成的育苗基质可以替代常规草炭育苗基质(V草炭∶V蛭石∶V珍珠岩=2∶1∶1)进行西瓜育苗。  相似文献   
2.
Peritrophic matrix/membrane (PM) critically prevents the midgut of insects from external invasion by microbes. The proteins in the peritrophic membrane are its major structural components. Additionally, they determine the formation and function of this membrane. However, the role of PM proteins in immune regulation is unclear. Herein, we isolated a novel PM protein (MdPM-17) from Musca domestica larvae. Further, the function of MdPM-17 in regulating host innate immunity was identified. Results showed that the cDNA of MdPM-17 full is 635 bp in length. Moreover, it consists of a 477-bp open reading frame encoding 158 amino acid residues. These amino acid residues are composed of two Chitin-binding type-2 domain (ChtBD2) and 19 amino acids as a signal peptide. Moreover, tissue distribution analysis indicates that MdPM-17 was enriched expressed in midgut, and moderate levels in the fat body, foregut, and malpighian tubule. Notably, MdPM-17 recombinant protein showed high chitin-binding capacity, thus belongs to the Class III PM protein group. MdPM-17 protein silencing via RNA interference resulted in the expression of antimicrobial peptide (defensin, cecropins, and diptericin) genes, and this occurred after oral inoculation with exogenous microbes Escherichia coli (Enterobacteriales:Enterobacteriaceae), Staphylococcus aureus (Bacillales:Staphylococcaceae), and Candida albicans (Endomycetales:Saccharomycetaceae)). Therefore, all the antimicrobial peptide (AMP) gene expression levels are high in MdPM-17-depleted larvae during microbial infection compared to controls. Consequently, these findings indicate that MdPM-17 protein is associated with the antibacterial response from the housefly.  相似文献   
3.
Placenta is formed by a parenchyma rich in extracellular matrix (ECM), and this structure guarantees the proper development of the embryo and placental functioning. Recently, studies have focused on the characterization of ECM in the placenta and foetal membranes of different species. This work aimed to analyse the composition of the ECM and to quantify the types of collagens in its composition. For this, 33 chorioallantoic membranes were used at different gestational ages, which were grouped into five groups. Subsequently, haematoxylin–eosin staining, Masson trichrome and picrosirius were performed for histological analysis. Through the technique of polarized light, it was possible to quantify the total collagen present in the membranes and finally the immunohistochemical technique was performed to verify the presence of collagens and glycoproteins. It was possible to verify that the chorioallantoic membranes have, in all the gestational periods of the initial third of gestation, the same histological structures, being the most significant difference the membrane thickening that occurs gradually during the gestation. However, we notice the appearance of binucleate cells only from group II. In addition, it was verified that a gradual increase of collagen occurs until the group IV, yet from the group V begins to occur a decrease of this protein. In addition, collagen I, collagen III, fibronectin and laminin were present in all membranes. With this, we concluded that the buffalo chorioallantoic membrane presents ECM in constant remodelling at the beginning of gestation and can be used as biomaterial in works on regenerative biology.  相似文献   
4.
旨在提出一种新型基因组关系矩阵并验证其在多品种联合群体中的模拟应用效果。本研究利用QMsim软件模拟牛的表型数据和基因型数据;利用Gmatrix软件构建常规G阵;利用R语言构建新型G阵,新型G阵在常规G阵的基础上,将多品种联合群体的非哈代-温伯格平衡位点考虑在内;利用DMU软件使用“一步”法模型计算基因组估计育种值(estimated genomic breeding value,GEBV);比较不同情况下使用两种G阵的GEBV预测准确性。结果表明,在不同遗传力及QTL数下,不对新型G阵使用A22阵加权就能达到常规G阵使用A22阵加权时的GEBV预测准确性。在系谱部分缺失时,新型G阵不加权较常规G阵加权时GEBV预测准确性高。证明,在系谱有部分缺失时,新型G阵对多品种GEBV的预测有一定优势。  相似文献   
5.
AIM: To investigate the effect of astragalus polysaccharides (AP) on the expression of matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP2) and MMP9 in the annulus fibrosus of cervical intervertebral discs from cervical spondylosis model rats. METHODS: The model rats were randomly divided into model group (M group), and low-dose and high-dose AP treatment groups (L-AP and H-AP groups). The rats in sham operation group were used as negative control group (NC group). In addition, all the annulus fibrosus tissues were used for primary cell culture. Histological analysis was performed using HE staining and Safranin O staining. The expression of MMP2, MMP9, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 2 (TIMP2) and collagen Ⅳ at mRNA and protein levels was analyzed by immunohistochemistry, Western blot and RT-qPCR. Cell-collagen adhesion assay was used to detect annulus fibrosus cell-collagen adhesion. RESULTS: The intervertebral discs of M group were degenerated, while astragalus polysaccharide improved the degenerative disc disease in the rats with cervical spondylosis. Compared with NC group, the expression of MMP2 and MMP9 in the annulus fibrosus tissues of M group increased significantly, while the expression of TIMP2 and collagen Ⅳ was decreased significantly (P<0.05). Compared with M group, the expression of MMP2 and MMP9 in L-AP group and H-AP group was significantly decreased, while the expression of TIMP2 and collagen Ⅳ was significantly increased (P<0.05). The cell-collagen adhesion in M group was significantly lower than that in NC group (P<0.05). Compared with M group, the cell-collagen adhesion in L-AP group and H-AP group was increased significantly (P<0.05). Compared with NC group, the expression of MMP2 and MMP9 in annulus fibrosus cells of M group was increased significantly, while the expression of TIMP2 and collagen Ⅳ was decreased significantly (P<0.05). Compared with M group, the expression levels of MMP2 and MMP9 in L-AP group and H-AP group of fibrocytes were significantly decreased, while the expression of TIMP2 and collagen Ⅳ was significantly increased (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: Astragalus polysaccharides inhibit the expression of MMP2 and MMP9 in the annulus fibrosus of cervical intervertebral discs from cervical spondylosis model rats and regulate the dynamic balance of MMPs and TIMPs in the extracellular matrix, thus inhibiting the degradation of collagen in the intervertebral disc matrix and having the potential research value for the treatment of intervertebral disc degeneration.  相似文献   
6.
选取五年生健壮费约果树为母株,采用L9(33)正交设计法研究植物生长调节剂、基质对三个品种费约果半木质化枝条扦插生根的影响。本试验结果表明:不同品种、植物生长调节剂和基质处理的生根的影响呈显著性水平。影响费约果扦插枝条生根率因素的主次顺序为品种>植物生长调节剂>基质;影响根长因素的主次顺序为基质>植物生长调节剂>品种;影响插穗根数的因素主次顺序品种>基质>植物生长调节剂。Gemini品种经1000 mg/L ABT浸泡两分钟,以腐叶土+珍珠岩为基质,生根效果最好,生根率为70.00%,平均根长为8.85 cm,平均根数为10.22条/穗;Unique品种经1000 mg/L ABT浸泡两分钟,以腐叶土+蛭石为基质,生根效果较好,生根率为56.67%,平均根长为9.32 cm,平均根数为12.33条/穗;Coolidge品种生根率低,均≤20 %。  相似文献   
7.
French Polynesia is renowned for the production of Tahitian black pearl. These gems are obtained by grafting a nucleus into the gonad of a receiving oyster together with a graft, i.e. a small section of mantle tissue of a donor oyster. This procedure initiates the formation of a pearl sack around the nucleus, and subsequently, the deposition of concentric layers of nacre. The nucleus plays a key‐role in pearl formation and its characteristics influence markedly the quality of the final product. As it is manufactured from mollusc shells, it contains a small percentage of organics. In the present paper, we used a set of biochemical techniques to characterize and compare the organic matrices from two types of nuclei that are currently used in French Polynesia: that from the freshwater mussel Amblema sp., and that from the pearl oyster Pinctada sp. To this end, we extracted the matrices from nuclei and performed FT‐IR, monodimensional electrophoresis, and enzyme‐linked immuno‐sorbent assay (ELISA). Our data show that the matrix associated with Amblema nuclei has a very different biochemical signature from that of Pinctada nuclei, a fact that may explain the improved tolerance of grafted oysters to nuclei of Pinctada origin. In the absence of complex physical methods of investigation, simple immunological techniques and FT‐IR performed on the extracted organic matrix are extremely reliable and effective for discriminating nuclei from these two sources. We assert that such techniques can be used as a diagnostic test to track unambiguously the biological origin of nuclei to avoid fraud.  相似文献   
8.
  1. Understanding population size and trend is critical information in species management and conservation. To enable accurate population trend estimates, consistent robust monitoring of a species is essential, particularly for a species such as the New Zealand (NZ) sea lion, Phocarctos hookeri , which has experienced an almost continuous decline in pup production since the late 1990s.
  2. This research examines the pup production estimates for all known breeding sites for this species, and using a stage‐structured matrix population model, estimates population size and trend between 1995 and 2015.
  3. Overall, it is estimated that 2,316 pups were born in 2015, a decrease of 13% since 1995 and a 27% decline since the highest pup production estimate in 1998. This decline has been driven by the significant decline of 48% at the main breeding area, the Auckland Islands since 1998.
  4. Using the stage‐structured matrix population model a total species population size of 11,767 sea lions (95% CrI: 10,790–12,923) was estimated. This is the lowest population size of any sea lion species. Trend data for the Auckland Islands indicated that pup and population numbers have decreased at 1.9% yr?1 in the last 20 yr, while total species population decline is 0.6% yr?1.
  5. Estimates of population trends for this species have been hindered by inconsistent monitoring at most breeding sites. This study strengthens the growing field of research highlighting the need for consistent long‐term monitoring for the conservation management of endangered species.
  相似文献   
9.
符升平  罗宁 《农业机械学报》2020,51(12):384-393
针对数学表征行星变速机构换挡变胞过程及自动识别各挡位构态属性较难的问题,首先,解析了行星变速机构变胞理论,基于机构转换法定义相对转速意义下行星排构件间运动副约束函数的转换规则,构建以约束函数为元素的行星变速机构构件和关联关系的邻接矩阵;然后,根据换挡逻辑分析了操纵离合器和制动器的换挡变胞过程,基于邻接矩阵分别推导这两种换挡构态演变的变胞方程,建立包含行星排空转和整体回转等特殊构态的判别准则,结合实例分析揭示换挡变胞机理;最后,通过建立相对转速方程和行星变速机构特性参数识别,结合行星变速机构等效拓扑模型的约束条件,提出了基于构态变胞方程的行星变速机构传动比和转矩自动建模和求解方法,实现了行星变速机构各挡位构态属性的自动识别。以某拖拉机行星变速器为例进行了分析,验证了该方法的可行性和有效性。  相似文献   
10.
The inbreeding coefficients are considered in breeding decisions, and the inverse numerator relationship matrix A ?1 is a prerequisite for breeding value estimation. Polyandry and haploid males are among the specifics of relationships between honey bees. Brascamp and Bijma (2014) averaged out the manifold possible relationships among honey bees that appear to have the same parents in a pedigree and assigned a single entry in A to animals that behave as a unit, for example, the workers of a hive. Their methods of calculation connected full‐sibs in the variance matrix of the Mendelian sampling terms D , via nonzero off‐diagonal elements. This impedes the inversion of A and the closely connected calculation of inbreeding coefficients, because efficient algorithms for this task take D to be a diagonal matrix. Memory limitations necessitate their use for large data sets. We adapted the quickest of them to the block diagonal matrix D , that is postulated for the honey bee. To our knowledge, the presented algorithm is the first one that facilitates the method of Brascamp and Bijma (2014) on large data sets.  相似文献   
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