八角茴香油β-环糊精包合物胶囊的制备工艺及稳定性研究

[目的]研究八角茴香油β-CD包合物胶囊的制备工艺,并考察其稳定性。[方法]以八角茴香油与β-CD的比例、包合时间和包合温度为因素,并以包合物收率、包合物含油率和油的收率为指标,采用L9(34)正交试验优选最佳包合条件;然后以休止角和吸湿性为指标,用薄层色谱法(TLC)对包合物进行验证,优选包合物胶囊的处方,并检查胶囊质量。[结果]最佳包合工艺为:八角茴香油:β-CD为1∶6,包合时间为2 h,包合温度50℃;在此条件下,包合物收率为89.84%,包合物含油率为15.93%,油的收率为72.63%。胶囊处方为:包合物200 mg,微晶纤维素100 mg,十二烷基硫酸钠5 mg,硬脂酸镁3 mg;制得的胶囊水分、装量差异和崩解时限均符合药典规定;影响因素试验表明,胶囊剂对高温、高湿度和强光的稳定性明显高于其物理混合物。[结论]八角茴香油包合物胶囊制备工艺简单、易行,质量稳定、可控。     

Milk Thistle and Its Derivative Compounds: A Review of Opportunities for Treatment of Liver Disease

Milk thistle extracts have been used as a “liver tonic” for centuries. In recent years, silibinin, the active ingredient in milk thistle extracts, has been studied both in vitro and in vivo to evaluate the beneficial effects in hepatic disease. Silibinin increases antioxidant concentrations and improves outcomes in hepatic diseases resulting from oxidant injury. Silibinin treatment has been associated with protection against hepatic toxins, and also has resulted in decreased hepatic inflammation and fibrosis. Limited information currently is available regarding silibinin use in veterinary medicine. Future study is justified to evaluate dose, kinetics, and treatment effects in domestic animals.     

HPLC法测定醒脑抗栓胶囊中芍药甙的含量

采用HPLC法测定醒脑抗栓胶囊中芍药甙的含量。色谱条件:YWG-C18柱,2.6 mm×250 mm,10μm;流动相:乙腈-磷酸盐缓冲液(0.05 mol/LNa H_2PO_4,用Na OH调p H6.0)(20∶80),流速1.2 ml/min;量程0.02AUFS;检测波长230 nm。测定结果,平均回收率为94.60%,RSD=2.70%。     

Clindamycin bioavailability and pharmacokinetics following oral administration of clindamycin hydrochloride capsules in dogs

Oral bioavailability and pharmacokinetic behaviour of clindamycin in dogs was investigated following intravenous (IV) and oral (capsules) administration of clindamycin hydrochloride, at the dose of 11 mg/kg BW. The absorption after oral administration was fast, with a mean absorption time (MAT) of 0.87+/-0.40 h, and bioavailability was 72.55+/-9.86%. Total clearance (CL) of clindamycin was low, after both IV and oral administration (0.503+/-0.095 vs. 0.458+/-0.087 L/h/kg). Volume of distribution at steady-state (IV) was 2.48+/-0.48 L/kg, indicating a wide distribution of clindamycin in body fluids and tissues. Elimination half-lives were similar for both routes of administration (4.37+/-1.20 h for IV, vs. 4.37+/-0.73 h for oral). Serum clindamycin concentrations following administration of capsules remained above the MICs of very susceptible microorganisms (0.04-0.5 microg/mL) for 12 or 10 h, respectively. Time above the mean inhibitory concentration (MIC) is considered as the index predicting the efficacy of clindamycin (T(>MIC) must be at least 40-50% of the dosing interval), so a once-daily oral administration of 11 mg/kg BW of clindamycin can be considered therapeutically effective. For less susceptible bacteria (with MICs of 0.5-2 microg/mL) the same dose should be given but twice daily.     

复方犬肠宁胶囊的质量标准研究

[目的]研究复方犬肠宁胶囊的质量标准.[方法]采用薄层色谱（TLC）法对复方犬肠宁胶囊中的黄连、黄柏、白头翁、黄芪进行定性鉴别,采用高效液相色谱法测定盐酸小檗碱的含量,研究复方犬肠宁胶囊的质量标准.[结果]薄层色谱鉴别表明,样品分离度好,斑点清晰,且阴性对照无干扰;盐酸小檗碱进样量在10.92～ 163.74 μg/ml范围内与峰面积呈良好的线性关系,回归方程为Y=39 611X-2387.9（R2 =0.999 8）,平均加样回收率为97.60％,相对标准偏差RSD=1.64％ （n =6）.[结论]该标准操作简便,专属性、稳定性、重复性良好,可用于犬肠宁胶囊的质量检测方法.     

不同固体剂型元胡止痛制剂的溶出度考察

[目的]比较9个厂家不同固体剂型元胡止痛制剂的溶出度,为临床用药提供参考。[方法]采用紫外分光光度法测定延胡索乙素的吸光度值,转篮法测定溶出度,并以威布尔分布模型拟合溶出参数。[结果]9个厂家不同固体剂型中元胡止痛片剂和胶囊剂的溶出度、崩解时限均符合2005年版《中国药典》规定,T50与崩解时限间无显著相关性（P〉0.05）。[结论]研究所用方法简便、快速、稳定性好、结果准确,可用于药品制剂的质量控制。     

胶囊菌种在代料栽培中不发菌原因及解决方法

香菇胶囊菌种具有省工、省力和成活率高的优势,十分适合规模生产。近年来,胶囊菌种应用量成倍增长,深受广大菇农朋友欢迎。然而在菇农生产使用的过程中,偶尔会遇到菌棒接种后菌种不萌发的问题,主要从菌棒温度、含水量、酸碱度、环境温度和操作习惯等方面对香菇胶囊菌种在代料栽培中不发菌原因及解决方案加以探讨。     

百合不同离体授粉方法的杂交结实研究

为克服百合(Lilium ssp.)杂交受精前障碍,以5个杂种系品种和1个野生种为试材,采用离体柱头授粉、高体切割花柱授粉和离体子房授粉方法进行离体授粉杂交.结果显示,对于近缘杂交,离体柱头授粉的子房膨大率和结实率分别为30%和15%,高体切割花柱授粉的为15%和5%,离体子房授粉的为25%和5%;不同杂种系间杂交组合3种授粉方法的子房膨大率和结实率分别为17%和13%、3%和3%、10%和3%.百合杂交组合类型对高体授粉杂交结实率有明显影响;近缘杂交或系内杂交组合的子房膨大率和结实率高于远缘杂交(系间杂交)组合.在3种离体授粉方法中以高体柱头授粉的效果最好,其余2种方法的效果基本相同.采用胚培救方法获得了部分杂交组合的幼苗,经ISSR分子标记鉴定了杂种的真实性,表明通过离体授粉方法可以获得百合远缘杂交的真实杂种.