青橄榄营养成分及加工现状研究进展

我国橄榄种植历史悠久,种类繁多,橄榄果肉、果核以及橄榄叶不仅可食用,亦有药用价值,是卫生部颁布的首批药食两用物种,具有广阔的研究前景。本文对青橄榄中的营养成分及加工现状进行了综述,分析了青橄榄的加工及应用前景,以期为青橄榄的深入研究、精细加工、生产高附加值的橄榄产品提供依据。     

冷冻凝香工艺对菜籽油品质及主要挥发性风味成分的影响

[目的]测定传统工艺压榨的菜籽油(1号)和冷冻凝香工艺压榨的菜籽油(2号)品质及主要挥发性风味成分的区别。[方法]通过测定酸值、过氧化值、磷、色泽、生育酚、植物甾醇和反式酸,比较2种工艺对菜籽油品质的影响。采用固相微萃取(SPME)方法顶空萃取富集挥发性成分,以气相色谱-质谱联用仪(GC-MS)检测并进行初步分析。[结果]冷冻凝香工艺压榨的菜籽油(2号)的理化指标均优于传统工艺压榨的菜籽油(1号);经GC-MS检测和分析,冷冻凝香工艺压榨的菜籽油(2号)的主要挥发性风味成分硫苷降解产物相对含量提高,氧化挥发物(醛、醇、酮)以及杂环类物质的相对含量相对降低。[结论]冷冻凝香工艺既能提高菜籽油的品质,又能增加菜籽油的特殊风味物质硫苷降解产物,起到了留香提味的作用。     

千岛银珍茶适制品种筛选研究

[目的]筛选出适合加工千岛银珍茶的无性系茶树良种。[方法]对中白1号白化茶品种和茂绿、中茶108、春雨1号、杭茶21、鸠坑早等10个品种的产能性状和制得茶样的感官品质、理化成分、香气成分等进行比较分析。[结果]中白1号、茂绿和浙农117品种芽头肥壮,产能较高,且制得的茶样品质较好,审评总分高于对照鸠坑群体种2分以上。[结论]中白1号、茂绿和浙农117等品种较为适合加工千岛银珍茶。     

中国农业银行数据处理中心景观营造的实践

主要论述了中国农业银行数据处理中心景观设计与营造的实践。该项目根据场地的实际状况,通过空间分割、植物配置和挖湖造景等方式,营造出适合员工休闲的景观。在建筑区内,以高大乔木为主,注重乡土树种的运用;在人工湖内,科学配置各种水生植物,达到利用水生植物形成景观和净化水质的目的。通过景观设计与营造的实践,单位的景观效果得到了提升。     

Soil and tuber calcium affecting tuber quality of processing potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) cultivars grown in Hokkaido,Japan

Calcium (Ca) nutrition for potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is important to increase tuber Ca concentration and improve potato tuber yield and quality. High tuber Ca content among other benefits mitigates incidence of blackspot bruise through maintenance of membrane health and regulation of biochemical reactions that leads to potato tuber discoloration. However, growers avoid application of Ca fertilizer in potato production in the belief that it causes potato common scab in Hokkaido, Japan. This study was conducted in Hokkaido to determine the current status of soil Ca and tuber Ca content levels, and its effect in mitigating incidence of potato bruise. Soil and tuber samples were collected from 90 and 80 fields in Tokachi and Kamikawa districts, respectively, in 2013 and 2014. Soil samples were analyzed for base saturation, Ca saturation, and exchangeable Al. Tuber Ca content and susceptibility of tubers to bruising were also evaluated. This study found that (1) 81% and 76% of soils collected from Tokachi and Kamikawa district, respectively, were deficient in Ca level, (2) tuber Ca content was lower than the reported value (250 mg kg^?1) considered to mitigate incidence of bruise, and (3) incidence of bruise were influenced by both tuber specific gravity and Ca content. There is urgent need to apply Ca fertilizer to attain increased soil Ca levels and improve quality of tubers.     

日本农副产品加工产业分析及对于我国的启示姜丽 渭南师范学院 陕西渭南714099

本文以日本农副产品加工产品的发展历程为切入点,利用SWOT分析法对日本农副产品加工产业的优势与劣势、机遇与挑战进行了较为深入的分析,并最终根据分析结构提出了部分我国相关产业发展的启迪。      

Effects of germination and kilning on the phenolic compounds and nutritional properties of quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa) and kiwicha (Amaranthus caudatus)

Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa) and kiwicha (Amaranthus caudatus) are nutritious pseudocereals that originate from the Andean region. The aim of this research was to study the effect of germination and the subsequent kilning on the phenolic compounds and proximate composition in selected Peruvian varieties of quinoa (“Chullpi”) and kiwicha (“Oscar Blanco”). The germination process was carried out for 24, 48 and 72 h at 22 °C, and the kilning was performed with samples germinated for 72 h by drying the seeds at 90 °C for 5 min. Both processes increased the protein content of the samples. However, lipid content was reduced during germination. On the other hand, germination and kilning clearly increased the concentration of total phenolic compounds in both quinoa and kiwicha. Germination for 72 h either with or without kilning process resulted in a significant (p < 0.05) increase in the total content of phenolics compared to untreated materials, which was especially due to coumaric acid and a kaempferol tri-glycoside in quinoa and caffeoylquinic acid in kiwicha. Based on the results, germination and kilning may improve the nutritional quality of the Andean grains, encouraging the usage of the processed grains as ingredients in functional products for people with special gluten-free or vegetarian diets.     

对武汉市新洲区张店鱼面加工业发展的思考

武汉市新洲区张店鱼面加工业发展是提高渔产品附加值,拓宽农民就业门路和提高农民收入的重要途径。文章主要介绍了新洲区张店鱼面加工业发展的有利条件和主要做法,提出了进一步推进新洲区张店鱼面产业发展的举措。     

Assessment of insurance coverage and claims in rainfall related risks in processing tomato in Western Spain

An extension of guarantees related to rainfall-related risks in the insurance of processing tomato crops has been accompanied with a large increase in claims in Western Spain, suggesting that damages may have been underestimated in previous years. A database was built by linking agricultural insurance records, meteorological data from local weather stations, and topographic data. The risk of rainfall-related damages in processing tomato in the Extremenian Guadiana river basin (W Spain) was studied using a logistic model. Risks during the growth of the crop and at harvesting were modelled separately. First, the risk related to rainfall was modelled as a function of meteorological, terrain and management variables. The resulting models were used to identify the variables responsible for rainfall-related damages, with a view to assess the potential impact of extending insurance coverage, and to develop an index to express the suitability of the cropping system for insurance. The analyses reveal that damages at different stages of crop development correspond to different hazards. The geographic dependence of the risk influences the scale at which the model might have validity, which together with the year dependency, the possibility of implementing index based insurances is questioned.     

黄山夏季鲜叶绿茶和红茶适制性研究

[目的]提高茶树夏季鲜叶的利用率,多元化开发利用黄山茶区大宗茶原料。[方法]取舒茶早、凫早2号茶叶品种夏季鲜叶为原料,参照黄山毛峰和祁门工夫红茶初制工艺,开展了绿茶、红茶适制性研究,分析了茶叶品质特点和儿茶素组分的变化。[结果]夏季鲜叶加工的绿茶、红茶外形条索松,色泽深欠润,毫少,香气低,滋味厚,汤色欠亮。夏季绿茶、红茶中,5种儿茶素总量及组分的保留量高。[结论]利用传统加工工艺不利于改善夏季绿茶和红茶品质。