Dysbiotic gut microbiome: A key element of Crohn's disease

Since the first publication on “regional ileitis”, the relevance of this chronic inflammatory disease condition termed finally as Crohn's disease is continuously increasing. Although we are beginning to comprehend certain aspects of its pathogenesis, many facets remain unexplored. Host's gut microbiota is involved in a wide range of physiological and pathological processes including immune system development, and pathogen regulation. Further, the microbiome is thought to play a key role in Crohn's disease. The presence of Crohn's-associated variants of NOD2 and ATG16L genes appears to be associated not only with alterations of mucosal barrier functions, and bacterial killing, but the gut microbiota, as well, reflecting a potential relationship between the host's genotype and intestinal dysbiosis, involved in disease etiology. This review aims to characterize some exciting new aspect of Crohn's disease pathology, focusing mainly on the role of intestinal microbes, and their interplay with the immune system of the host.     

Effect of infection by Rhizopus oryzae on biochemical composition of stored potato tubers

The carbohydrate fractions, protein and lipid contents of two cultivars of potato namely, Irish Cobbler and Red Pontiac, were altered quantitatively by Rhizopus oryzae during the 10-day incubation period. Glucose content increased during the incubation period for both healthy and inoculated tubers. Starch, maltose, sucrose, protein and lipid contents decreased more rapidly in inoculated tubers than in healthy tubers in both cultivars. The depletion in starch and protein in the infected tubers appeared to be greater for Irish Cobbler than in Red Pontiac; decreases for other constituents seemed fairly comparable.     

小麦条锈病气象等级预测方法研究(英文)

[Objective] The aim of this study is to establish the model for forecasting wheat stripe rust occurrence condition using meteorological factors. [Method] Based on the data of wheat stripe rust occurrence degrees in its past prevalent years and the meteorological data at corresponding periods, the methods of grey correlation analysis and fuzzy mathematics were employed to establish the forecast model for four pathogenesis indices according to the time sequence before winter, Early March, Early April and Middle May. Thus, the criterion for forecasting the occurrence degree of wheat stripe rust was obtained based on the distribution method of arithmetic progression. [Result] The model corresponding to meteorological conditions for forecasting wheat stripe rust was successfully established. According to the verification, the forecasting results before winter and in Early Mar. were more severer than the real occurrence condition, while the forecasting results in Early Apr. and Middle May were basically consistent with real values. [Conclusion] The results of the present study may avail the control of wheat stripe rust in Henan Province.     

猪渗出性皮炎病原的分离鉴定

从广东省棠下、增城等地区猪场送检病料中,分离到9株葡萄球菌, 经TH-16S细菌生化编码系统鉴定表明,其中4株松鼠葡萄球菌,3株木糖葡萄球菌,2株猪葡萄球菌.参考Genebank中登录的基因序列,设计合成可区分4种猪葡萄球菌表皮脱落毒素ExhA、ExhB、ExhC、ExhD的引物,并以此引物对2株猪葡萄球菌和其余7株葡萄球菌进行了 PCR检测,结果表明1株为ExhB型,1株为无毒力型,其余7株葡萄球菌均不能产生表皮脱落毒素,用此9株葡萄球菌回归动物后证实,ExhB毒力型的猪葡萄球菌致病力强,很快死亡;无毒力型的猪葡萄球菌无致病力;4株松鼠葡萄球菌都有不同程度的致病性;3株木糖葡萄球菌无致病力,说明猪渗出性皮炎的发生与猪葡萄球菌所产生的表皮脱落毒素有关.     

用基因枪法将小麦病程相关蛋白基因TαPR-1导入小麦的研究

为验证小麦病程相关蛋白基因TαPR-1的功能，利用gus基因瞬间表达技术对基因枪法转化小麦幼胚的两个重要参数金粉用量和轰击距离进行了优化。研究结果表明,金粉用量为250．0μg．轰击距离9cm的轰击参数最为理想，GUS瞬间表达率和平均蓝点数分别可达89．8％和33．7个。采用此轰击参数．将TαPR-1基因导入扬麦158幼胚．经3～5mg／L Bialaphos筛选获得49株抗性再生植株．经PCR、Southern杂交分析．其中2株为阳性植株．转化率为0．11％。对转基因小麦植株进行苗期离体叶段和田间成株白粉病接种鉴定．初步结果表明，转基因植株对白粉病抗性与对照相比无明显差别。     

Different isolates from Leishmania braziliensis complex induce distinct histopathological features in a murine model of infection

The aim of this study was to evaluate the histopathological features in tissues of mice infected by human isolates (I, II, and III) or the reference M2903 strain of Leishmania braziliensis complex. BALB/c and C57Bl/6 mice were infected in the hind footpad with 10⁶ stationary-phase promastigotes of L. braziliensis complex. The evolution of lesions was observed for 10 weeks and the animals were then euthanized and liver, spleen and popliteal lymph nodes were collected. Tissues were stained with hematoxylin and eosin and analyzed by immunohistochemistry assay. Increased thickness of infected footpads was observed in all animals, lesions were nodular and non-ulcerated. Mice infected with isolate I presented inflammatory infiltrates consisting predominantly of mononuclear cells in all tissues examined, and also a great number of megakaryocytes, compared with other isolates. Infection with isolate II led to an infected footpad enlargement not seen in other isolates. In addition, mononuclear infiltrates in the liver and hemosiderin in spleen were noted. Conversely, mice infected with either isolate III or M2903 strain only showed an increased number of megakaryocytes in spleen. All tissues examined had detectable amastigote forms of Leishmania by immunohistochemistry in all groups. Taking together, our results showed an unforeseen behavior of different isolates of L. braziliensis complex that led to diverse pathological findings.     

Bovine infection with bluetongue virus with special emphasis on European serotype 8

Bluetongue virus (BTV) is an arthropod-borne virus infecting domestic and wild ruminants. Infection in cattle is commonly asymptomatic and characterised by a long viraemia. Associated with the emergence and the recrudescence of BTV serotype 8 (BTV-8) in Northern and Central Europe, remarkable differences have been noticed in the transmission and in the clinical expression of the disease, with cattle showing clinical illness and reproductive disorders such as abortion, stillbirth and fetal abnormalities. Several investigations have already indicated the putative ability of the European BTV-8 strain to cross the bovine placenta and to cause congenital infections. The current epidemiological and pathological findings present an unusual picture of the disease in affected bovines.     

植物病程相关蛋白PR10研究进展

PR（pathogenesis related protein）蛋白产生与积累是植物体应答生物或非生物胁迫的主要特征之一。近年来大量PR蛋白被鉴定，根据它们的结构，亲源关系和生物活性，被分为17个功能家族。PR10蛋白具有核酸酶相似结构，一般为分子量16～19kD的酸性蛋白。近年来相关研究表明一些PR10蛋白具有核酸酶活性和体外抗菌活性，在植物防御反应中发挥重要作用，具有较为广泛的应用前景。本文就PR10蛋白的生理功能、基因结构、表达调控及其与植物抗病的关系等方面的最新研究进展作一综述，并结合本实验室工作展望其在植物抗性育种方面的应用前景。     

鸡贫血因子病的血液病理学变化

本实验用鸡贫血病毒感染１日龄健康ＡＡ雏鸡，以未感染雏鸡为对照，在感染后７、１４、２８、３５、４２日龄检测其外周血液各种血细胞数量，血红蛋白含量，红细胞压积，红细胞平均体积，红细胞平均血红蛋白量、红细胞平均血红蛋白浓度；骨髓红系祖细胞、粒单系祖细胞（ＣＵＦ－ＧＭ）、基质成纤维祖细胞（ＣＦＵ－Ｆ）的增殖功能；血清因子和胞腺集落刺激因子（ＣＳＦ）对造血祖细胞增殖功能的影响；骨髓造血细胞分化功能；骨髓造血     

南京毛刺线虫对山定子的直接致病性研究

北京南口农场山定子砧苹果树受线虫侵害严重。田间树势调查结果表明:病树长势衰退,产量降低,品质下降;补植的幼树表现出再植病症状。田间根系症状调查结果表明:病树根系生长异常,表现出典型的短粗根病症状,即受害幼根不呈延伸生长,而是在生长中不断分枝,以致最后形成须状丛簇根,每年只在新根旺长期长出一小段具有吸收功能的白色、毛笔尖状的新根。盆栽幼苗接种试验表明:南京毛刺线虫的侵染严重影响了山定子幼苗的形态建成,且使根系表现出短粗根病症状,从而证明南京毛刺线虫(Trichodorus nanjingensis Liu＆Chen)是导致该场苹果树势衰退、再植病和短粗根病的主要病原。