玉屏风散与微粉中毛蕊异黄酮葡萄糖苷体外溶出率的研究

建立了玉屏风超微粉中毛蕊异黄酮葡萄糖苷的高效液相色谱检测方法，采用浆法测定了玉屏风超微粉和玉屏风散剂在人工胃液中的溶出率，绘制累积溶出率曲线。结果表明，玉屏风超微粉和散剂散剂的累积溶出率在5 min时迅速达到73%以上。超微粉和散剂的最快溶出时间段分别为0~2 h和0~6 h，最后都在16 h达到溶出平衡，最高累积溶出率分别为80.36%和77.51%。玉屏风超微粉中毛蕊异黄酮葡萄糖苷溶出速度快，达峰时间短，峰浓度高于散剂。     

不同固体剂型银翘解毒制剂的溶出度考察

[目的]比较8个厂家不同固体剂型银翘解毒片剂、胶囊剂和丸剂的溶出度,为临床用药提供参考。[方法]采用紫外分光光度法测定绿原酸的吸光度值,转篮法测定溶出度,并以威布尔分布模型拟合溶出参数。[结果]8个厂家不同固体剂型中银翘解毒片剂、胶囊剂和丸剂的溶出度、崩解时限均符合2005年版《中国药典》规定,T50与崩解时限无显著相关性（P〉0.05）。[结论]该方法简便、快速、稳定性好、结果准确,可用于药品制剂的质量控制。     

橡胶树磷酸烯醇式丙酮酸羧化酶基因HbPPC1的克隆和表达分析

根据橡胶树磷酸烯醇式丙酮酸羧化酶(PEPC)基因的部分序列设计引物，运用RT-PCR和RACE方法获得其家族成员的1个全长cDNA，命名为HbPPC1，长度3 025 bp，包含5′-UTR 34 bp，3′-UTR 93 bp，开放阅读框2 898 bp，编码965个氨基酸。预测HbPPC1分子量为110.34 ku，理论等电点为6.09。HbPPC1具有C3型PEPC的结构特征，其N端第9~17位残基是可逆磷酸化的不变序列-X-X-SIDAQLR，C端倒数第4位残基为谷氨酰胺(Q)，第774位残基为丙氨酸(A)。HbPPC1与5条大戟科植物的PEPC序列(其中木薯2条、蓖麻2条、麻风树1条)的同源性达到95％。系统进化分析表明，HbPPC1与这5条序列聚在同一个进化支中。HbPPC1包含2个酶活性位点和7种类型的Motifs，二级结构以由α-螺旋和无规则卷曲为主。Real-time RT-PCR结果表明，HbPPC1在橡胶树胶乳、叶片、树皮和花中均表达，在胶乳中的表达量最高；胶乳HbPPC1的表达受乙烯利刺激影响，在乙烯利刺激4~72 h后胶乳HbPPC1表达明显下调，表明HbPPC1在胶乳pH值调控中起重要作用。本研究结果为HbPPC1的功能研究提供理论依据。     

Effects of forage ensiling and ration fermentation on total mixed ration pH,ruminal fermentation and performance of growing Holstein‐Zebu cross steers

Our objective was to determine the effect of forage ensiling and ration fermentation on total mixed ration pH, ruminal fermentation and animal performance. Thirty Holstein‐Zebu cross steers were allotted to feeding treatments for 188 days in a randomized complete block design including: fresh grass‐total mixed ration (GTMR; pH 4.7), grass silage‐TMR (STMR; pH 4.0) and fermented‐TMR (FTMR; pH 3.5). Average daily gain for STMR was greatest during the first 3 months period; however, that for FTMR tended to be greater than GTMR during the second 3 months period (P < 0.10). During the second period dry matter intake for STMR was the greatest (P < 0.01), but feed conversion ratio (P < 0.01) and cost per gain (P < 0.01) were the least for FTMR. Protein digestibility tended (P < 0.10) to be greater for FTMR than STMR and fat digestibility was greater (P < 0.05) for GTMR and FTMR than STMR. FTMR had less (P < 0.01) ruminal NH₃‐N content than STMR. Total volatile fatty acids post‐feeding was greatest for GTMR (P < 0.01). Ruminal proportions of acetic and butyric acids were greater for FTMR than GTMR (P < 0.05); in contrast, propionic acid was greater for GTMR (P < 0.05). Utilizing silage or total ration fermentation did not negatively impact on ruminal pH. STMR and FTMRs can be used to maintain performance of growing crossbred Holstein steers.     

种青养鱼模式下的草鱼肌肉营养成分和品质特性

为探究种青养鱼养殖模式对草鱼肌肉营养成分和品质特性的影响,随机选取以种青喂草为主养殖模式下养殖的草鱼(生态草鱼)和投喂人工配合饲料进行养殖的草鱼(饲料草鱼)各16尾,测定其肌肉系水力和质构特性指标,以及肌肉常规营养成分、矿物元素、氨基酸和脂肪酸含量。结果显示,生态草鱼和饲料草鱼肝体比和空壳率无显著性差异;生态草鱼肌肉系水力指标中滴水损失显著低于饲料草鱼,冷冻渗出率不显著地低于饲料草鱼,失水率不显著地高于饲料草鱼,p H值无显著性差异;肌肉的硬度、弹性、凝聚性、胶黏性和回复性均无显著性差异;生态草鱼粗脂肪含量显著低于饲料草鱼,水分、灰分、粗蛋白含量均无显著性差异;生态草鱼P和Fe含量均显著高于饲料草鱼,Mg、Mn和Cr含量均极显著高于饲料草鱼;生态草鱼和饲料草鱼肌肉氨基酸组成基本一致,均含有17种氨基酸,其中人体必需氨基酸总量分别为6.85%和6.27%。生态草鱼必需氨基酸指数(EAAI)为76.07,而饲料草鱼为77.29,饲料草鱼略高于生态草鱼。生态草鱼和饲料草鱼肌肉均含19种脂肪酸,其中棕榈酸、花生四烯酸(ARA)、亚油酸(LA)、油酸、二十二碳六烯酸(DHA)和硬脂酸含量较高,为主要脂肪酸,而花生五烯酸(EPA)+DHA含量分别为8.95%和10.70%,且差异显著。研究表明,生态草鱼和饲料草鱼在肌肉质构特性方面无显著性差异,与饲料草鱼相比,生态草鱼具有肌肉系水力强、低脂肪和矿物元素含量高的特点。     

次生盐渍土垂向剖面斥水性及其与理化性质关系

为探求土壤剖面斥水性的变化规律及其与土壤水盐含量、pH值的关系,在新疆新垦膜下滴灌棉田以10 cm×10 cm和5cm×5cm的网格等间距采集两个土壤剖面样品,对剖面土壤的斥水性、含水率、含盐量和pH值了进行经典统计、地学统计和相关性分析。结果表明：次生盐渍土剖面斥水性呈中等程度变异,空间自相关性中等偏弱;土壤斥水性在40cm深度附近时最强,在大于80cm深度的土层斥水特征不明显;在0~40cm深度土层,含水率与土壤斥水性正相关,在40~80cm深度与斥水性负相关;含盐量除在0~10cm的表层与斥水性正相关外,在其余土层均为负相关; pH值与斥水性之间多为正相关。     

Discrimination of lithogenic and anthropogenic influences on topsoil magnetic susceptibility in Central Europe

The study was performed on the area of the three countries involved in the MAGPROX project (Poland, Czech Rep., Germany). In the first stage the basic map of magnetic susceptibility based on the field topsoil measurement was compiled with an average grid density of 10 km. In the second stage of the study, vertical distribution of magnetic susceptibility of ca. 600 topsoil cores (0.3 m long), collected over central Europe, was examined with respect to the anthropogenic or lithogenic influence on magnetic susceptibility of the soil surface, with the focus being on the interpretation of the areas showing high surface susceptibility values. The maximum values were mostly observed in depths of 3–4 cm. In general seven different types of susceptibility profiles from forest areas and one typical for urban soil are presented. They are a result of a combination of natural (litho- and pedogenic) and anthropogenic contributions. Our results prove that soil profiles, dominated by anthropogenic influence due to atmospherically deposited dust, are characterized by magnetically enhanced humuous layer, corresponding to layer with the highest concentration of heavy metals. Moreover, forest soils show in these cases higher magnetic susceptibility than soils in open areas (grassland, meadows or arable soils).     

Short and medium-term evolution of a coastal sector in Cadiz,SW Spain

The present paper is a combined study on the medium and short-term evolution of the littoral between Chipiona and Rota (SW Spain). The analysis of coastal evolution over a period of 24 years (i.e. medium-term), was carried out using six, well temporally spaced, photogrammetric flights. Cliff top and dune toe were used as shoreline indicators to solve problems related to the use of watermark in tidal environments. Short-term littoral variations were monitored monthly by means of an electronic theodolite over a period of 2 years. The width variations of the dry beach were surveyed by always using a constant, average value for the mean sea level position derived from the numerous surveys carried out. The obtained data was representative of both seasonal and annual variations.     

春小麦航天诱变入选后代的变异研究

本文介绍了小麦纯系克498和龙0657航天诱变第2代(SP2)和第3代(SP3)的入选与决选情况,SP2和SP3代主要农艺性状的变异,SP3代决选株籽粒高分子量麦谷蛋白亚基(HM-GS)和醇溶蛋白电泳谱带的变异。研究表明:(1)克498 SP2和SP3代的有益变异入选株率和决选株率分别为1.02%、0.81%和2.47%、1.39%;龙0657 SP2和SP3代的有益变异入选株率和决选株率分别为0.97%、0.50%和3.77%、1.68%。(2)克498 SP2和SP3代的入选株主要农艺性状的变异幅度、极值和变异系数与其亲本相比都有很大差异;SP2代的差异大于SP3代;克498 SP2和SP3代的差异大于龙0657 SP2和SP3代的差异。(3)克498和龙0657 SP3代决选株间主要品质性状存在较大差异;0657 SP3决选株间主要品质性状的差异大于克498 SP3代决选株。(4)克498和龙0657 SP3代HMW-GS组成的变异频率分别为8.3%和28.1%。(5)克498和龙0657 SP3代醇溶蛋白电泳谱带变异频率分别为45.8%和50.0%。