赤红壤系列诊断特征研究初报

研究了一个发育于花岗岩母质上的赤红壤剖面的特性,并与“中国土壤系统分类(二稿)”中有关赤红壤的诊断层、诊断特性和诊断指标进行了验证或补充。     

我国红壤的土壤地理学研究方向

本文在分析当今世界土壤地理学发展特点及趋向的基础上,针对我国南方红壤研究的实际及发展需要,提出了今后我国南方红壤的土壤地理学发展方向及主要研究领域。     

皖南山地丘陵区红壤的亚类划分问题

讨论了皖南山地丘陵区红壤的亚类划分问题,强调土壤中心概念,即土壤在形成过程中较稳定的土壤特征和属性的综合鉴定指标是划分土壤的主要依据。     

红壤地油菜上施用的尿素态氮的去向及尿素在提高油菜产量中的效率

Fate of urea nitrogen(N) applied to rape grown on a red soil was investigated by the 15N mass balance technique.and efficiency of urea and effect of nutrients balance in raising rape yield were investigated in a field plot experiment.One hundred and thirty -eight kg N/ha,86kg N/ha as basal dressing and 52 kg N/ha as top dressing,was applied with band application technique.The experiment was conducted in the southeast of china ,near Yingtan City,Jianxi Province.Results from 15N mass balance study showed that when urea urea was applied as basal dressing the plant recovery was 44.0% of the applied N for Treatment T (with application of N,P,K,B and lime),Plant recoveries were 38.0%-40.5% for Treatments-K,-B-lime and RS(without application of K,B or lime as well as with additional rice straw compared with Teatment T),which were not significantly different from Treatment T.In contrast ,plant recovery was only 5.1% for Treatment-P(without application of P), indicating that P was the factor limiting N uptake by rape.However,N remaining in 0-0.30 m soil was high up to 71.6% for Treatment-P,while the corresponding data were 33.0%-42.6% for the other treatments.The total recovery of applied N(including plant recovery and N remaining in 0-0.60 m soil) was 91.5% for Treatment T when urea was applied as basal dressing,while almost all the applied N was recovered when ureawas applied as top drssing,It was suggested that N loss was greatly controlled by using band application method in this experiment.Results from the field plot experiment field plot experiment showed that N supply capacity of this red soil was very low,and the efficiency of the applied N was quite high,7.1kg rape seed was increased by application of one kg N for Treatment T.Nitrogen and phosphorus were the key factors limiting rape yield,and the yield was very low when neither of them was applied.The yield in Treatment-K was significantly lower than that in Treatment T,With the former accounting for 77% of the later.     

中国东南部红壤地区不同植被对土壤侵蚀和土壤养分的影响

The effect of different vegetation systems including bamboo plantation (BP), forest ecosystem (CF), citrus orchard (Ctr) and farmland (FL) on erosion and nutrients of red soil were investigated in hilly region of southeastern China to find effective control measures for soil erosion. The results showed that all the vegetation systems could significantly reduce soil erosion and nutrient losses compared to bare land (Br). The ability of different vegetation systems to conserve soil and water was in the order of Ctr > BP > CF > FL > Br. Vegetation could also improve soil fertility. The soil organic matter, total N and total P contents were much higher in all the vegetation systems than in bare land, especially for the top soils. Vegetation systems improved soil physical properties remarkably. Compared to the bare land, soil organic matter, TP, TK and available K, especially soil microbial biomass C, N and P, increased under all the vegetation covers. However, they were still much lower than expected, thus these biological measurements are still needed to be carried out continuously.     

Transformation and Availability of Various Forms of Zinc in Soils

The transformation and availability of various forms of Zn applied into a cinnamon soil and a carbonate meadow soil as well as the effects of fertillizer-P on them were studied by using the field experiment method and chemically sequential extraction procedure.Zn added into the soils was found to be rapidly transformed into the various forms. In the cinnamon soil,the amount of Zn transformed into the carbonate bound form was the highest,and the carbonate bound form was proven by the analyses of intensity factor and capacity factor to be the primary available Zn pool.But in the carbonate meadow soil,the Zn transformed was relatively homogeneously distributed in the various forms though the amount of Zn transformed into the Mn-oxide bound form was relatively high,and the organically bound,Mn-oxide bound and amorphous Fe-oxide,bound forms were found to be the main available Zn pool.Fertilizer-P took part in the regulation and control of available Zn in the soils to a certain degree.In the carbonate meadow soil,application of P fertilizer probably aggravated Zn deficiency at low Zn rate,while it was favorable to the storage of available Zn in the case of high Zn rate.     

我国红黄壤的矿物特性

本文对花岗岩和玄武岩发育的红黄壤原生矿物和粘土矿物组成及其风化演变,作了系统和深入地论述。     

几种利用方式下酸性硫酸盐土的环境风险及其连锁效应

研究并比较了不同利用方式下酸性硫酸盐土酸形态和铝形态的结构特征，分析了硫形态与酸形态、酸形态与铝形态之间的相关性。研究发现，酸性硫酸盐土的不同利用类型中，土壤酸度由大到小依次为：鱼塘塘基、荒稻田＞稻田＞荒旱地＞改良稻田＞蔗田＞红树林迹地；活性铝含量由高到低依次为：荒旱地＞鱼塘塘基、荒稻田＞稻田＞改良稻田＞蔗田＞红树林迹地。土壤酸度和铝形态含量的层间差异较为显著，多数随深度增加呈逐渐上升的趋势。酸性硫酸盐土中的硫形态－酸－铝形态之间有明显的连锁关系。     

液体地膜防治丘陵红壤地区水土流失的研究

通过田间试验研究了红壤丘陵区液体地膜对防治水土流失的效果和持续时间及对作物生长的影响。结果表明:地表径流量荒地喷液体地膜比对照(喷清水)增加1/5;园地比对照增加1/3。土壤侵蚀量荒地喷液体地膜比对照可减少1/2;园地比对照减少近1/3。旱稻喷液体地膜分别提高了出苗14%,有效穗11%,成穗率8%,由此增产753kg/hm2。液体地膜防治水土流失的持续时期约45d,可有效防治红壤地区夏收夏种农时季节的关键性水土流失。