皂甙在饲料中的应用

皂甙(Saponins)广泛存在于自然界,世界上一半以上的植物中含有皂甙,海洋生物如海星等也含皂甙。由于皂甙结构较复杂,属水溶性,分离制纯及结构确证难度较大,直到近20年随着分离技术和结构研究方法的发展,才对皂甙的化学结构和生理活性有了突破性的认识。本文就皂甙的结构、生物活性及其在饲料中的应用作一综述。1皂甙的结构皂甙是一类比较复杂的化合物,它的水溶液振摇时能产生大量持久的蜂窝状泡沫,与肥皂相似,故名皂甙。它是由皂甙元(Sapogenins)和糖、糖醛酸或其他有机酸所组成,皂甙植物中的成分,因不同地区、不同季节栽培有所不同。组成…     

Effects of Dietary Tributyrin on Growth Performance,Serum Biochemical Indices,Immune Function and Antioxidant Capacity of Juvenile Yellow Catfish (Pelteobagrus fulvidraco)北大核心CSCD

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary tributyrin on growth performance, serum biochemical indices, immunity function and antioxidant capacity of juvenile yellow catfish (Pelteobagrus fulvidraco). A total of 480 juvenile yellow catfish with an initial body weight of (5.53±0.02) g were selected and randomly divided into 4 groups with 3 replicates in each group, and 40 fish in each replicate. Four isonitrogenous and isolipid experimental diets were fed with 0 (G0), 500 (G1), 1 000 (G2) and 2 000 mg/kg (G3) triglyceride, respectively. The experiment lasted for 56 days. The results showed as follows: 1) weight gain rate and feed efficiency rate in G2 group were significantly higher than those in other groups (P<0.05). The fatness in G1 group was significantly lower than that in G0 and G3 groups (P<0.05), but there was no significant difference between G1 group and G2 group (P>0.05). 2) The serum glucose content in G3 group was significantly higher than that in G1 and G2 groups (P<0.05), and there were no significant differences in the serum contents of total protein, albumin, globulin, triglyceride, urea nitrogen and the activities of alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase among all groups (P>0.05). 3) Compared with G0 group, serum lysozyme activity in G1, G2 and G3 groups was significantly increased (P<0.05), serum alkaline phosphatase activity in G1 and G2 groups was significantly increased (P<0.05), and serum immunoglobulin M content in G2 group was significantly higher than that in G3 group (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in serum complement C3 content among all groups (P>0.05). 4) Compared with G0 group, serum total antioxidant capacity in G1 group was significantly increased (P<0.05), and serum super-oxide dismutase activity in G1, G2 and G3 groups was significantly increased (P<0.05). The serum catalase activity in G3 group was significantly higher than that in G0, G1 and G2 groups (P<0.05), but there were no significant differences in serum glutathione peroxidase activity, glutathione and malondialdehyde contents among all groups (P>0.05). In conclusion, dietary supplementation of 500 to 2 000 mg/kg triglyceride can significantly improve non-specific immune and antioxidant capacity of yellow catfish, and dietary supplementation of 1 000 mg/kg triglyceride can significantly improve weight gain rate and feed efficiency of yellow catfish. Combined with the comprehensive evaluation of growth performance, serum immunity and antioxidant indexes, the optimal supplemental level of triglyceride in yellow catfish diet is 1 000 mg/kg. © 2023 Authors. All rights reserved.     

杜鹃花组培快繁技术的研究

用野生杜鹃花的种子无茵发芽获得试管苗,然后用试管苗的叶片进行离体培养,用二步法建立杜鹃花的快繁体系。试验结果表明：诱导愈伤的最佳培养基是1／4Anderson＋2,4-D1mg／L＋TDZ0．1mg／L;芽诱导培养基是1／4 Anderson＋IBA0．1mg／L＋TDZ1mg／L＋2-IP0．5mg／L;生根培养基是1／4Anderson＋NAA0．1mg／L。     

奶牛子宫内膜炎大肠杆菌的分离血清型鉴定及其耐药性测定

子宫内膜炎是奶牛常发的一种生殖系统疾病,不仅影响机体正常的生理功能,而且会导致患牛长期不孕,有的甚至造成终生不孕[1].据调查,我国奶牛子宫内膜炎的平均发病率约为20%,在奶牛不孕症中,由子宫内膜炎所致的不孕奶牛约占60.1%～92.0%[2].奶牛子宫内膜炎主要由分娩或产后子宫感染病原微生物引起,其中以大肠杆菌、葡萄球菌、链球菌等感染最为常见.临床上多使用抗菌药物治疗奶牛子宫内膜炎,随着病原菌耐药性的不断加重,用药剂量随之增加,这不仅提高了治疗成本,而且增加了乳产品中药物残留的风险.本文对内蒙古地区引起奶牛子宫内膜炎的大肠杆菌进行了分离、血清型鉴定,并测定其对24种抗菌药物的敏感性,旨在探明内蒙古地区奶牛子宫内膜炎大肠杆菌的血清型及耐药水平,为临床防治该病提供科学依据.     

玉米DDGS替代豆粕对奥尼罗非鱼生长性能的影响

试验研究了饲料中用玉米DDGS替代部分豆粕对奥尼罗非鱼(Oreochromis niloticus ♀× Oreochromis aureus ♂)幼鱼生长的影响。将初始体重为(2.48±0.03)g的试验鱼随机分成6组,每组设3个平行,分别投喂用玉米DDGS替代豆粕的试验饲料,替代比例分别为0(对照组)、16.7%、33.3%、50%、66.7%和83.3%,(记为G1、G2、G3、G4、G5和G6),日投喂量为鱼体重的4%～6%。试验持续8周,分别在第4周末和第8周末称重。结果显示,4周时,G6组的增重率和特定生长率显著低于其它各组(P<0.05),G2、G3组的增重率和特定生长率显著高于G5组(P<0.05);饲料系数以G6组最高,显著高于其它各组(P<0.05);对照组饲料系数最低,显著低于G5、G6组(P<0.05),与其它各组差异不显著(P>0.05)。8周时,G6组的增重率和特定生长率最低,显著低于G3组(P<0.05),其它各组差异不显著(P>0.05);饲料系数以G6组最高,显著高于G1、G2组和G3组(P<0.05);肝体比和脏体比有所差异,但均未达显著水平(P>0.05);肥满度以G6组为最低,显著低于其它各组(P<0.05);肌肉中水分和粗灰分含量以G6组最高,显著高于G1(P<0.05),对照组肌肉粗蛋白含量最高,显著高于G6组(P<0.05),粗脂肪含量各组间差异不显著(P>0.05)。结果表明,在奥尼罗非鱼饲料中用不超过50%的玉米DDGS替代豆粕,不会显著影响其生长性能。     

聊城市景观格局及绿地系统结构分析

采用高分辨率的IKONOS卫星遥感影像,在地理信息系统(GIS)的支持下,运用景观生态学的原理和方法,对聊城市景观格局及其绿地系统结构进行了分析。结果表明:城区景观特色鲜明,为“城中有水,水中有城”格局,主要由建筑、道路、绿地和水体四种景观组成单元构成;绿地系统由斑块绿地和廊道绿地共同组成,斑块绿地为其主要组成部分并在城区中呈随机分布,绿地总面积为市区景观的33.71%。在现状分析的基础上,提出建设“一环、三区、九带、十二园”城区绿地系统。     

鄂尔多斯市农牧业气象预报服务系统研究

该系统针对鄂尔多斯市生态与农业气象监测评估业务的需求,分析了全市30年气象、粮食产量、牧草产量等农牧业资料,提取影响小麦产量、玉米产量、牧草产量、牧草返青期、小麦适宜播种期、玉米适宜播种期气象因子,应用数理统计方法,利用V isual Basic语言集成建立了鄂尔多斯市农牧业气象预报服务系统,实现了农牧业气象预报定量化和自动化。     

饲料中添加核苷酸粗提物对凡纳滨对虾生长性能的影响

以未添加核苷酸粗提物的对照饲料和添加200、400、600、800、1000 mg/kg核苷酸粗提物的饲料分别饲养凡纳滨对虾5周,研究了核苷酸粗提物对凡纳滨对虾生长性能的影响.结果显示:除核苷酸粗提物200 mg/kg添加组对虾与对照组没有显著差异外,其余各核苷酸粗提物添加组对虾的增重率均显著高于对照组(P＜0.05),其中以400 mg/kg添加量组对虾的增重率最高;各试验组对虾的存活率差异不显著(P＞0.05);添加核苷酸粗提物各组的全虾粗蛋白及脂肪含量均高于对照组,其中以600mg/kg添加量组对虾的粗蛋白和脂肪含量最高,显著高于对照组(P＜0.05).试验结果表明,饲料中添加适量的核苷酸粗提物能有效提高凡纳滨对虾的增重率和存活率.     

中国公共图书馆危机管理对策研究

近几年,随着各种危机事件的发生,使得危机管理成为当今世界各国研究的重要课题之一。公共图书馆在发展建设进程中,也面临着突发性事件的破坏和损毁。因此,对公共图书馆进行危机预防及其管理工作是必须的。文章对当前中国公共图书馆危机管理的现状、存在的问题进行了分析,并提出相应的对策。