浏阳河(长沙段)COD与DO的分布特征

于2005-2007年调查浏阳河长沙段的COD与DO时空分布特征。结果表明：（1）浏阳河长沙段COD质量浓度季节分布的大小顺序为：冬季〉秋季〉春季〉夏季;在空间分布上,从上段至下段COD质量浓度呈现出小—大—小的变化规律;从COD质量浓度的垂直分布来看,在春夏季,表层与底层COD质量浓度差异不明显,而在秋冬季则表现为表层COD浓度明显大于底层COD浓度;（2）浏阳河长沙段DO含量的季节分布规律为：冬季〉秋季〉春季〉夏季。在空间分布上,DO含量分布从上段至下段的呈大—小—大的变化趋势,基本上与COD的变化情况相反。     

基于GIS的陕北黄土高原土地生态系统固碳释氧价值评价

 【目的】定量评价生态系统固定CO2和释放O2功能,是生态系统服务功能研究重要内容之一。论文旨在对土地生态系统固碳释氧价值进行遥感测量和评价,为改善区域生态环境提供参考。【方法】论文依据光合作用方程式,采用遥感估算模型,基于植被NPP（第一性生产力）物质量测算结果,分别测算陕北黄土高原绿色植物固碳释氧物质量。以此为基础,分别采用造林成本法和工业制氧法测算其价值量。探讨陕北黄土高原生态系统固碳释氧价值的时间变化、空间分布。【结果】陕北黄土高原固定CO2的价值在1978、1990、2000和2005年分别为141.27亿元、177.46亿元、170.09亿元和247.08亿元,平均值为187.72亿元;释放O2的价值取两种测评方法的平均值,分别为150.07亿元、188.52亿元、192.97亿元和281.48亿元,年平均值为203.26亿元,比固定CO2的平均值多15.54亿元。从土地利用类型来看,固碳释氧价值表现为林地＞耕地＞牧草地＞园地＞其它类型。【结论】陕北黄土高原北部各县的单位面积固定CO2和释放O2价值普遍低于南部各县,总体上分布沿北部向南部逐渐升高。南部的子午岭和黄龙山具有很高的单位面积价值,如黄龙县、黄陵县、富县和甘泉县。北部农牧交错带和中部黄土沟壑区水土流失比较严重的地区固碳释氧的单位面积价值较低,这与生态环境脆弱有关。     

溶解氧对河流底泥中氮去除的影响

为探索溶解氧(DO)对河流底泥中氮释放和去除的影响,选择城市污染河流底泥,通过室内模拟不同的DO条件,观察河流上覆水中氨氮、亚硝态氮和硝态氮之间相互转化的规律.结果表明:底泥是主要的二次污染源,氮污染物质以氨氮的形式向上覆水体中释放;DO浓度越低越有利于底泥中氨氮的释放,DO浓度越高水体中氨氮去除越快.同时试验过程中出...     

温度对吉富罗非鱼呼吸的影响

在10-30℃条件下,测定呼吸室内吉富罗非鱼(Oreochromis niloticus,GIFT)呼吸频率、水体溶解氧、pH、游离二氧化碳以及氨氮的变化。结果表明,吉富罗非鱼耗氧率(Y_cr)和排氨率(R_an)随着温度(t)的升高而增大,线性回归方程分别为Y_cr=0.0038t²-0.0023t+0.0312(R²=0.9549),及R_an=0.0009t²-0.0027t+0.0037(R²=0.9475);氨熵(Q_a)为0.065-0.099(<0.33),蛋白质供能比为5%~30%,表明吉富罗非鱼主要由脂肪和碳水化合物供能。当温度在15~30℃时,随着温度的降低,二氧化碳排放率从0.0684mg/(g·h)下降至0.0114mg/(g·h)。出水pH明显低于进水pH,且进出水口pH的降低幅度随温度升高而增大。试验期间,10~30℃的呼吸商(Q_r)为0.55±0.10(<1),吉富罗非鱼主要进行有氧呼吸。     

Neuroprotective Metabolites from Vietnamese Marine Derived Fungi of Aspergillus and Penicillium Genera

Low molecular weight secondary metabolites of marine fungi Aspergillus flocculosus, Aspergillus terreus and Penicillium sp. from Van Phong and Nha Trang Bays (Vietnam) were studied and a number of polyketides, bis-indole quinones and terpenoids were isolated. The structures of the isolated compounds were determined by 1D and 2D NMR and HR-ESI-MS techniques. Stereochemistry of some compounds was established based on ECD data. A chemical structure of asterriquinone F (6) was thoroughly described for the first time. Anthraquinone (13) was firstly obtained from a natural source. Neuroprotective influences of the isolated compounds against 6-OHDA, paraquat and rotenone toxicity were investigated. 4-Hydroxyscytalone (1), 4-hydroxy-6-dehydroxyscytalone (2) and demethylcitreoviranol (3) have shown significant increasing of paraquat- and rotenone-treated Neuro-2a cell viability and anti-ROS activity.     

渭河流域水污染现状分析与治理对策

根据国家环保部门公布的数据,对渭河流域陕西段2005～2009年5年的水体分析,结果表明,水体的COD含量优于国家I类地表水标准,但是,氨氮指标和溶解氧的指标超标,最根本的原因是水体氨氮含量过大,进而耗费水中的氧,使溶解氧的指标下降。提出了对已建的污水处理工厂,应用生物脱氮技术和物理化学处理技术对氨氮进行深度处理,并将氨氮作为考核出水的主要指标,同时,应该对生活污水进行集中处理。     

Vertical movements of bigeye tuna (Thunnus obesus) associated with islands, buoys, and seamounts near the main Hawaiian Islands from archival tagging data

To learn more about the movement patterns of bigeye tuna (Thunnus obesus), we deployed archival tags on 87 fish ranging in fork length from 50 to 154 cm. Thirteen fish were recaptured, from which 11 archival tags were returned, representing in aggregate 943 days‐at‐liberty. We successfully retrieved data from 10 tags, representing 474 days in aggregate. The largest fish recaptured was 44.5 kg [131 cm fork length (FL)] and the smallest 2.8 kg (52 cm). The deepest descent recorded was 817 m, the coldest temperature visited 4.7°C, and minimum oxygen level reached ～1 mL L^?1. Fish spent little time at depths where water temperatures were below 7°C and oxygen levels less than ～2 mL L^?1. Five fish were recaptured near the offshore weather buoy where they were tagged. Based on vertical movement patterns, it appeared that all stayed immediately associated with the buoy for up to 34 days. During this time they remained primarily in the uniform temperature surface layer (i.e. above 100 m). In contrast, fish not associated with a floating object showed the W‐shaped vertical movement patterns during the day characteristic of bigeye tuna (i.e. descending to ～300–500 m and then returning regularly to the surface layer). Four fish were tagged and subsequently recaptured near Cross Seamount up to 76 days later. These fish exhibited vertical movement patterns similar to, but less regular than, those of fish not associated with any structure. Bigeye tuna appear to follow the diel vertical movements of the deep sound scattering layer (SSL) organisms and thus to exploit them effectively as a prey resource. Average night‐time depth was correlated with lunar illumination, a behaviour which mimics movements of the SSL.     

半滑舌鳎耗氧率和窒息点的初步研究

对半滑舌鳎的耗氧率和窒息点进行了初步研究。结果表明,在各个盐度梯度下,半滑舌鳎的耗氧量和耗氧率与体重(W)之间的关系可用幂函数Q=aWb表示,其中,耗氧量与体重呈正相关,耗氧率与体重呈负相关,方差分析表明,盐度和体重对半滑舌鳎的耗氧量和耗氧率均有极显著的影响(P<0 01);不同规格半滑舌鳎耗氧率的最高值均出现在同一盐度组,最低值则因体重不同而出现在不同的盐度组。半滑舌鳎的耗氧率无较明显的昼夜变化,夜里的耗氧率略大于白天,昼夜两阶段耗氧率的差异不显著。窒息点随着温度和体重的增加而有所增加,在较低的温度下,半滑舌鳎有很强的耐低氧能力。     

Are Primary Cultures of Trout (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Oncorhynchus mykiss</Emphasis>) Ventricular Cardiomyocytes Metabolically Viable?

The objectives of this study were to establish a protocol for the isolation of metabolically viable ventricular cardiomyocytes from the rainbow trout and to determine which measures may best reflect viability 24 h after isolation. Cardiomyocytes were isolated by enzymatic digestion and maintained in cell suspension. Viability was assessed using Trypan blue dye exclusion, ATP content, oxygen consumption and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) leakage into the medium. Viability, assessed by these measures did not significantly change over the time period of this study. ATP content did correlate significantly with oxygen consumption but not with Trypan blue exclusion. We conclude that primary cultured cardiomyocytes remain metabolically viable for at least 24 h after isolation. Also, it appears that ATP content and oxygen consumption most adequately reflect metabolic cell viability. To be confident with a culture, however, a combination of viability measures is necessary when isolating cardiomyocytes from fish.