Habitat selection of Guizhou golden monkey （Phinopithecus roxellanae brelichi）in Fanjing Mountain Biosphere Reserve, China

Guizhou golden monkey (Phinopithecus roxellanae brelichi) is a peculiar, rare and endangered species. It is distributed most narrowly and requires a rigorous habitat. In this study the habitats of Guizhou Golden Monkey were divided into three habitats: most suitable habitats, suitable habitats and marginally suitable habitats. The characteristics of the vegetation community, environmental factors and extreme environmental factors in the three habitats were systematically analyzed. The seasonal activity rule, activity area and the food characteristic of Guizhou golden monkey were also study at the same time. The results indicate that the evergreen and deciduous broadleaf mixed forest is the optimal living vegetation community for Guizhoug olden Monkey, and the suitable annual temperature is 8-15℃, the extremely lowest temperature is -2.5℃, the extremely highest temperature is 25℃, and the optimal living altitude is 1500-1700 m. In the same area, the higher the vegetation diversitythe more suitable it is for the life of Guizhou golden monkey. Temperature and food are the main habitat factors in determining the activity scope of the guizhou golden monkey community. The Altitude, temperature and the characteristics of the vegetation community are the main limitina factors for habitat selection.     

北美红杉生态因子的研究状况

北美红杉自然分布范围狭窄 ,通过 10 0多年的努力 ,北美红杉已在 2 0多个国家成功引种。许多学者对北美红杉的生态因子进行了大量的研究。为了解国内外的研究状况 ,从影响北美红杉分布和生长的光、温度、雾、土壤 4个重要的生态因子出发 ,结合该树种自然分布区的生态环境 ,对其研究成果进行了概括和分析     

The process of decline of an endangered tree species,Pinus armandii Franch. var.amamiana (Koidz.) Hatusima, on the southern slope of Mt. Hasa-dake in Yaku-shima Island

The process of decline of an endangered tree species,Pinus armandii var.amamiana, was monitored on the southern slope of Mt. Hasa-dake in Yaku-shima Island from 1994 to 1998. There are 163 trees ofP. armandii var.amamiana over 1.3 m in height. They are distributed on steep ridges and rocks with a thin soil layer mostly consisting of friable granite. During the monitoring period, 21 trees ofP. armandii var.amamiana died and the mortality rate was 12.9%. Dead trees were categorized into three types: standing, uprooted and landslide. The uprooted- and landslide-typed dead trees were found only after a severe typhoon struck Yaku-shima Island. This suggests that the combination of fragile site conditions and severe typhoons play an important role in the process of decline ofP. armandii var.amamiana. The standing-typed dead trees were presumed to have been killed by pine wilt disease, accounting for 71.4% of the dead trees. However,Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, the cause of pine wilt disease, was not detected from any of the wood chips or branch samples from the standing-typed dead trees ofP. armandii var.amamiana. This might indicate that some factor(s) other than pine wilt disease could be responsible for the standing-typed death ofP. armandii var.amamiana in natural habitats. A part of this paper was presented at the 109th Meeting of the Japanese Forestry Society.     

银杏产量与气象因子相关性研究

以湖南省１３年的气象资料，按银杏果生长发育周期，分５个阶段统计了水、光、热诸方面的８个气象因子，采用多元逐步回归方法，筛选出传粉受精期平均最大风速、种实第二增长高峰期的最低气温和５月１日～６月３０日的总雨量３个对产量有重要影响的气象因子。相应时期较大的风速，较低的气温、充沛的雨量，可提高银杏产量。     

辣椒全基因组WRKY转录因子的分析

基于已公布的辣椒全基因组数据,利用生物信息学方法对辣椒WRKY转录因子家族进行全面鉴定和系统命名,并在此基础上对基因分类、染色体定位、系统进化关系和结构域序列保守性进行了研究。结果表明:辣椒CaWRKY家族包含71个基因,根据WRKY结构域的数量及锌指结构的特征可将其分为GroupⅠ、GroupⅡ和GroupⅢ等3大类,GroupⅡ又可分为Ⅱ(a)、Ⅱ(b)、Ⅱ(c)、Ⅱ(d)和Ⅱ(e)等5个亚类。辣椒12条染色体上均有WRKY转录因子分布,其中第1号染色体上分布最多,共有10个,第4号染色体上分布最少,仅有2个。辣椒每类/亚类WRKY几乎含有相同的保守基序。辣椒WRKY编码的蛋白在132~869个氨基酸范围内,平均氨基酸数量为373个。     

Expression of hypoxia-inducible factor 1 and neuroglobin in piglet cortex during deep hypothermic circulatory arrest

AIM: To observe the expression of hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1) and neuroglobin (NGB) in piglet cortex during deep hypothermic circulatory arrest. METHODS: Wuzhishan piglets were randomly assigned to cardiopulmonary bypass group (CPB group), 40 min of circulatory arrest (CA) at 18 ℃ without cerebral perfusion (DHCA group) or with selective antegrade cerebral perfusion (SACP group). After 180 min of reperfusion, cortical tissue was harvested for determining HIF-1α and NGB expression by HE staining, Western blot and real-time PCR. RESULTS: Severer cerebral injury was observed in DHCA group than that in SACP group. After 180 min of reperfusion, HIF-1α protein and mRNA levels were significantly higher in DHCA group than those in CPB group (P<0.05). Accordingly, SACP animal had higher levels of HIF-1α protein and mRNA than those in DHCA group (P<0.05). Simultaneously, higher NGB protein and mRNA levels were found in DHCA group than those in CPB group after 180 min of reperfusion (P<0.05). The SACP animal had higher levels of NGB protein and mRNA than those in DHCA group (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: Up-regulation of HIF-1 and NGB are involved in the mechanism against cerebral injury resulting from DHCA in the cortex and possibly a part of cerebral protective effect of SACP.     

Protective effect of BNDF on vascular endothelial cells with H2O2-induced oxidative injury

AIM: To study the protective effect of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) on vascular endothelial cells with H₂O₂-induced oxidative injury. METHODS: Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were cultured in vitro, and the oxidation injury model of HUVECs was established by treatment with H₂O₂. The oxidatively injured HUVECs were cultured with different concentrations (1, 10 and 100 μg/L) of BDNF. At the same time, the control group (no injury), PBS treatment after H₂O₂ injury group and TrkB inhibitor group (with 100 μg/L BDNF and 1: 1 000 TrkB inhibitor) were also set up. The viability of the HUVECs was detected by MTT assay. The levels of LDH, MDA, SOD and GSH were measured. The releases of NO, ET-1 and ICAM-1 were analyzed by ELISA. The changes of ROS production and cell apoptosis were evaluated by flow cytometry. The protein levels of TrkB, p-TrkB, cleaved caspase-3, Bcl-2 and Bax were determined by Western blot. RESULTS: Compared with uninjured control group, in H₂O₂ oxidative injury plus PBS treatment group, the viability of the cells was decreased significantly, the LDH and MDA levels were increased significantly and the activities of SOD and GSH were decreased significantly. The NO secretion was decreased, and the ET-1 and ICAM-1 concentrations were increased significantly. The ROS content and apoptotic rate were increased significantly. The protein levels of cleaved caspase-3 and Bax were increased but Bcl-2 protein expression was decreased significantly. Compared with PBS treatment group, in H₂O₂-injured HUVECs treated with different concentrations of BDNF, the cell viability was gradually increased, the LDH and MDA levels were decreased and the activities of SOD and GSH were increased gradually. The secretion of NO was increased but ET-1 and ICAM-1 were decreased gradually. The ROS content and apoptotic rate were decreased significantly. The TrkB and p-TrkB levels were significantly increased significantly, the protein expression of cleaved-caspase 3 and Bax was decreased gradually and the Bcl-2 protein expression increased gradually. The role of BDNF was inhibited by TrkB inhibitor. CONCLUSION: BDNF protects HUVECs from oxidative injury by binding with TrkB to activate the BDNF-TrkB signaling pathways.     

短轮伐期桉树人工林个体林木特征研究

利用广东高要和广西扶绥两地14个2~10年生桉树林分样地共287株样木,研究短轮伐期桉树人工林个体林木特征指标,并比较现有广西良种桉二元带皮和去皮材积公式估算个体林木材积的准确性,分析不同年龄、林分和径阶林木的出材率。结果表明:带皮和去皮林木的胸高形数为0.504±0.004 2和0.529±0.004 4、实验形数为0.410±0.002 4和0.427±0.002 7、形率为0.657±0.003 4和0.690±0.003 6、高径比为1.22±0.017和1.43±0.019。用广西良种桉二元带皮和去皮材积公式估算单株林木带皮和去皮材积与实际材积高度相关(r>0.99),但估算值普遍偏低,平均分别小3.7%和21.0%;尤以用带皮材积公式估算去皮材积比用去皮材积公式估计要准确,平均只小2.3%。如以6年生以上样地和尾径4 cm以上的去皮林木为实际出材,5个相关样地林分平均出材率为(73.3±4.31)%,最小为54.6%,最大为81.5%。     

Cellular mechanisms underlying Hyperin-induced relaxation of rat basilar artery

Background and aim

Hyperin, a flavonol compound extracted from the Chinese herb Abelmoschus manihot L. Medic, is reported to exert protective actions in cerebral ischemic injury. The specific aim of the present study was to study the relaxation of Hyperin in rat isolated basilar artery and identify the underlying cellular mechanisms.

Methods

Rat isolated basilar artery segments were cannulated and perfused while being superfused with PSS solution. Vessel images were recorded by video microscopy and diameters measured. Membrane potential was recorded using glass microelectrodes to evaluate the basilar artery smooth muscle cell hyperpolarization.

Results

Perfusion of Hyperin (1 ~ 100 μM) elicited a concentration-dependent relaxation of basilar artery segments preconstricted with 0.1 μM U46619. The response was significantly inhibited by the removal of the endothelium. Hyperin also elicited marked and concentration-dependent hyperpolarization of smooth muscle cells. 30 μM nitro-L-arginine (an inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase) and indomethacin (an inhibitor of cyclooxygenase), partially inhibited Hyperin-induced relaxation and hyperpolarization leaving an attenuated, but significant, endothelium-dependent relaxation and hyperpolarization. This remaining effect was almost completely blocked by 1 mM tetraethylammonium (an inhibitor of Ca²⁺-activated K⁺ channels), or by 100 μM DL-propargylglycine, an inhibitor of cystathionine-γ-lyase (a synthase of the endogenous H₂S).

Conclusion

These findings show that Hyperin produces significant hyperpolarization in rat basilar artery smooth muscle cells and relaxation through both endothelium-dependent and endothelium-independent mechanisms. The underlying mechanisms appeared to be multi-factorial involving nitric oxide, prostacyclin, and endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor (EDHF). Our data further suggest that endogenous H₂S is a component of the EDHF-mediated hyperpolarization and relaxation to Hyperin.     

麦克哈格的整体性规划思想研究——以伍德兰兹社区生态规划项目为例

以经典案例——伍德兰兹社区生态规划思路为例,探讨麦克哈格(Ian McHarg)的整体性设计思想。研究以规划文本中的“生态清单”作为研究对象,凝练麦克哈格的整体性思想,并结合其提出的规划设计框架,总结出适用于当今风景园林规划设计的场地生态因子及其对应指标的整体性框架,揭示了麦克哈格的规划设计智慧——在规划设计中需要从整体性思想的角度考虑场地的全要素,其中包括生态因子之间与设计要素之间的互动耦合关系,才能得出与真实世界中的复杂性问题相匹配的规划设计方案。